Civic Intelligence

Lowell Observatory

990 • Fiscal year 2015 • EIN 86-0098918

Jan 01, 2015 to Dec 31, 2015 • Filed on Oct 05, 2016

Organization ProfileWWW.LOWELL.EDU

View Organization Page

1400 W Mars Hill RoadFlagstaff, AZ 86001-4470

(928) 774-3358

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.

Liabilities / Assets

77th percentile

0.61x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 77% of similar nonprofits.

2015 filings • 501(c)3 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Source year 2015

Liabilities / Revenue

92nd percentile

3.92x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 92% of similar nonprofits.

2015 filings • 501(c)3 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Source year 2015

Net Margin

3rd percentile

-74%

Higher net margin than 3% of similar nonprofits.

2015 filings • 501(c)3 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Source year 2015

Top Officer Pay

27th percentile

$163,582

Higher top officer pay than 27% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 2.2% of source-year revenue.

2015 filings • 501(c)3 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Source year 2015

Asset Growth

9th percentile

-8.7%

Faster asset growth than 9% of similar nonprofits.

2015 filings • 501(c)3 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Annualized from 2014 to 2015

Revenue Growth

16th percentile

-12%

Faster revenue growth than 16% of similar nonprofits.

2015 filings • 501(c)3 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Annualized from 2014 to 2015

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets77th percentile

Assets

Down

$48,545,604

Down $4,603,680 (-8.7%) from 2014

Net Assets

Down

$18,862,839

Down $5,815,958 (-24%) from 2014

Liabilities

Up

$29,682,765

Up $1,212,278 (+4.3%) from 2014

Revenue And Expenses
Liabilities / Revenue92nd percentileNet Margin3rd percentile

Revenue

Down

$7,579,056

Down $1,013,368 (-12%) from 2014

Expenses

Up

$13,157,576

Up $2,596,112 (+25%) from 2014

Net Income

Down

-$5,578,520

Down $3,609,480 (-183%) from 2014

Historical Trend

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth9th percentile

The highlighted filing sits inside the broader history for assets, liabilities, and net assets.

$150M$100M$50M$0Assets 2010: $52,551,561Liabilities 2010: $21,461,385Net Assets 2010: $31,090,1762010Assets 2011: $53,848,348Liabilities 2011: $22,745,541Net Assets 2011: $31,102,8072011Assets 2012: $54,884,676Liabilities 2012: $25,541,447Net Assets 2012: $29,343,2292012Assets 2013: $54,560,319Liabilities 2013: $27,812,352Net Assets 2013: $26,747,9672013Assets 2014: $53,149,284Liabilities 2014: $28,470,487Net Assets 2014: $24,678,7972014Assets 2015: $48,545,604Liabilities 2015: $29,682,765Net Assets 2015: $18,862,8392015Assets 2016: $48,684,255Liabilities 2016: $31,061,229Net Assets 2016: $17,623,0262016Assets 2017: $47,935,722Liabilities 2017: $20,259,679Net Assets 2017: $27,676,0432017Assets 2018: $48,062,648Liabilities 2018: $16,568,732Net Assets 2018: $31,493,9162018Assets 2019: $65,145,325Liabilities 2019: $20,739,131Net Assets 2019: $44,406,1942019Assets 2020: $70,100,548Liabilities 2020: $23,190,520Net Assets 2020: $46,910,0282020Assets 2021: $78,377,713Liabilities 2021: $25,508,851Net Assets 2021: $52,868,8622021Assets 2022: $78,976,661Liabilities 2022: $23,388,279Net Assets 2022: $55,588,3822022Assets 2023: $85,437,670Liabilities 2023: $29,024,549Net Assets 2023: $56,413,1212023Assets 2024: $102,618,903Liabilities 2024: $53,834,242Net Assets 2024: $48,784,6612024

Highlighted filing

2015

Assets$48,545,604
Liabilities$29,682,765
Net Assets$18,862,839
Open 2015 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth16th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income across loaded years, with this filing highlighted.

$30M$20M$10M$0-$10MExpenses 2010: $5,822,7462010Expenses 2011: $7,125,8562011Expenses 2012: $9,655,9042012Revenue 2013: $8,056,313Expenses 2013: $10,757,145Net Income 2013: -$2,700,8322013Revenue 2014: $8,592,424Expenses 2014: $10,561,464Net Income 2014: -$1,969,0402014Revenue 2015: $7,579,056Expenses 2015: $13,157,576Net Income 2015: -$5,578,5202015Revenue 2016: $11,056,035Expenses 2016: $12,957,893Net Income 2016: -$1,901,8582016Revenue 2017: $22,523,259Expenses 2017: $12,648,803Net Income 2017: $9,874,4562017Revenue 2018: $16,797,299Expenses 2018: $12,829,418Net Income 2018: $3,967,8812018Revenue 2019: $29,221,520Expenses 2019: $14,346,917Net Income 2019: $14,874,6032019Revenue 2020: $16,133,508Expenses 2020: $13,478,815Net Income 2020: $2,654,6932020Revenue 2021: $22,823,113Expenses 2021: $16,074,661Net Income 2021: $6,748,4522021Revenue 2022: $20,035,165Expenses 2022: $19,188,129Net Income 2022: $847,0362022Revenue 2023: $20,163,990Expenses 2023: $18,645,161Net Income 2023: $1,518,8292023Revenue 2024: $11,946,368Expenses 2024: $19,482,906Net Income 2024: -$7,536,5382024

Highlighted filing

2015

Revenue$7,579,056
Expenses$13,157,576
Net Income-$5,578,520
Open 2015 Filing
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2015 to Dec 31, 2015
Signed
Oct 5, 2016
Return Version
2015v2.1
Gross Receipts
$9,044,031
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Lowell's mission is to pursue the study of astronomy, especially the study of the solar system and its evolution; conduct pure research in astronomical phenomena; provide quality public education and outreach programs to bring the results of astronomical research to the public.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$45,517,196$44,035,840▼ $1,481,356
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities$4,561,553$1,645,941▼ $2,915,612
Pledges and Grants Receivable$1,572,399$1,115,030▼ $457,369
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$261,760$887,715▲ $625,955
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges-$150,221-
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$656,117$98,308▼ $557,809
Inventories for Sale or Use$47,517$66,019▲ $18,502
Accounts Receivable-$35,368-
Total Assets$53,149,284$48,545,604▼ $4,603,680
Other Assets Total$532,742$511,162▼ $21,580
Liabilities
Mortgage Notes Payable Secured by Investment Property$20,415,148$20,424,190▲ $9,042
Deferred Revenue$7,052,690$8,169,773▲ $1,117,083
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$477,482$598,596▲ $121,114
Other Liabilities$525,167$490,206▼ $34,961
Total Liabilities$28,470,487$29,682,765▲ $1,212,278
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Unrestricted Net Assets$21,987,058$17,789,666▼ $4,197,392
Permanently Rstr Net Assets$2,459,768$0▼ $2,459,768
Temporarily Rstr Net Assets$231,971$1,073,173▲ $841,202
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$24,678,797$18,862,839▼ $5,815,958
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$53,149,284$48,545,604▼ $4,603,680

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Equipment$26,470,850$10,093,055$36,563,905
Buildings$15,633,762$6,520,222$22,153,984
Other Land Buildings$1,260,794$538,559$1,799,353
Land$670,434-$670,434

Endowment Activity

PeriodBeginningContrib.Gain/LossOther UsesEnd
2015$163,450-▲ $5,898--
2014$160,698-▲ $4,309-$163,450
2013$129,726-▲ $30,972-$160,698
2012$84,715-▲ $1,007,329$958,322$129,723
2011$95,378-▼ $10,663-$84,715
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay27th percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
Hall JeffreyDirectorFT$141,996$21,586$163,582
Dunham EdwardInstrument ScientistFT$144,523$14,657$159,180
Massey PhilipAstronomerFT$142,436$14,604$157,040
Schleicher DavidAstronomerFT$135,252$14,367$149,619
Hunter DeidreAstronomerPT$134,191$14,496$148,687
Levine StephenDeputy Director Technology/astronomerFT$130,979$14,098$145,077
Labruzzo AnneDeputy Director AdministrationFT$45,512$6,763$52,275
Putnam W LowellTrustee - SolePT$29,094$9,986$39,080

Highest Paid Contractors

ContractorServicesLocationCompensation
Roper Scientific Dba Princeton InstrumenEquipment Supplier3660 QUAKERBRIDGE ROAD, Trenton, NJ 08619$135,680
Northern Arizona UniversityTechnology ServicesPO BOX 4080, Flagstaff, AZ 86011$104,065
Stowebridge Promotion Group INCGiftstore Inventory6280 W ERIE ST, Chandler, AZ 85226$102,448
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$3,697,510
Program Service Revenue
$3,106,288
Investment Income
$444,998
Other Revenue
$330,260
All Other Contributions
$786,949
Change in Net Assets
$-5,578,520

Noncash Contribution Practices

Property subject to holding requirements
No
Reviewed unusual noncash gifts
No
Third parties used for noncash contributions
Yes

Noncash Contributions

Contribution TypeContribution CountReported AmountValuation Method
Securities Publicly Traded12$144,529Transaction Value
Other Non Cash Contri Table1$1,500Donor Valued
Other Non Cash Contri Table1$330Donor Valued
Other Non Cash Contri Table1$50Donor Valued
Total Noncash Contributions15$146,409-
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$5,976,391
Other Expenses$4,722,952
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$2,458,233
Total Fundraising Expense$702,157
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$3,020,952$712,549$310,431$4,043,932
Grants to Domestic Orgs$2,458,233--$2,458,233
Depreciation Depletion$1,904,100$92,926$74,341$2,071,367
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$759,603$254,938-$1,014,541
Interest$662,875--$662,875
Other Employee Benefits$304,200$85,220$28,741$418,161
Payroll Taxes$259,695$67,328$22,752$349,775
Occupancy$442,735$-134,811$23,080$331,004
Travel$194,047$25,408$11,977$231,432
Office Expenses$93,444$54,446$46,717$194,607
Fees for Services Other$60,473$97,626$34,253$192,352
Insurance$136,884$9,239$9,962$156,085
Pension Plan Contributions$115,670$25,760$8,552$149,982
All Other Expenses$65,331$49,313$22,539$137,183
Information Technology$104,382$19,240$6,552$130,174
Advertising-$125,859$3,065$128,924
Conferences and Meetings$7,883$11,278$35,051$54,212
Other Expenses$17,480$17,704$10,665$45,849
Fees for Services Accounting-$39,600-$39,600
Fees for Services Legal$14,941$8,595-$23,536
Fees for Service Investment Mgmnt Fees-$18,007-$18,007
Total Functional Expenses$10,739,899$1,715,520$702,157$13,157,576
International Activity

Grant and Assistance Recipients

RecipientLocationCategoryPurposeAmount
Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, AZ-Subawards for Collaborative Research on Nasa Grants.$108,370
Lowell Observatory FoundationFlagstaff, AZ501(c)(3)The Endowment Funds Were Transferred to the Lowell Observatory Foundation in Order for the Foundation to Hold and Manage the Assets for the Exclusive Benefit of the Observatory.$59,037
Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA-Collaborative Research on Nasa Grants.$58,715
University of MarylandCollege Park, MD-Collaborative Research on Nasa Grants.$38,140
University of HawaiiHonolulu, HI-Subawards for Collaborative Research on Nasa Grants.$34,663
Planetary Science InstituteTucson, AZ-Subawards for Collaborative Research on Nasa Grants.$12,366
University of ArizonaTucson, AZ-Subawards for Collaborative Research on Nasa Grants.$12,109
New Mexico InstituteSocorro, NM-Support for Research Projects.$8,568
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
Yes
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Fundraising Direct Expenses$44,331
Fundraising Gross Income$39,509
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Fundraising Events

EventGross ReceiptsGross RevenueDirect ExpensesNet Income
Annual Gala$84,148$39,509$1,414$38,095
Total Events$84,148$39,509$44,331$-4,822
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Interest Rate Swap Obligation$490,206
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
No
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
Yes
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11

“The form 990 draft will be first reviewed by the deputy directory for administration (dda) for accuracy. Once it has been deemed accurate by the dda it will be forwarded to the sole trustee, director and audit committee for their review and comments. After any questions and comments have been addressed it will be approved and a final copy will be signed and filed by the dda.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12C

“The organization conducts weekly reviews of payables including potential conflicts of interest and follow-up occurs to enforce compliance with the company policy”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15A

“Compensation of the director for lowell observatory is determined by the sole trustee of the corporation after review of information provided by the human resource administrator and members of the advisory board who are or have been members of the scientific business community. The human resource administrator reviews the total compensation of the director in accordance with regulations/guidelines established by the irs and industry best practices. Data regarding salaries of other directors (ceos) at organizations of similar size, including both non-profit and for-profit companies is also reviewed. The sole trustee, with advice from the advisory board, also establishes goals and objectives for the director and evaluates the performance of the director based on the prior year's goals and objectives.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19

“When requested, documents regarding the observatory are provided by the business office. The 990 and audited financial statements are available on the lowell observatory website. The 990 is also available on guidestar and charity navigator. A summary of the consolidated financial statements is published annually in an annual report and mailed to donors.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Lowell Observatory
EIN
86-0098918
Phone
9287743358
Address
1400 W MARS HILL ROAD, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86001-4470

Signing Officer

Name
Anne Labruzzo
Title
Deputy Director of Admin.
Phone
9287743358
Signed
2016-10-05
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Jeff Hall
Formed
1946
Legal Domicile
Az
Voting Board Members
1
Independent Board Members
0
Employees
139
Volunteers
33

Preparer

Firm
Beachfleischman Pc
Address
2201 EAST CAMELBACK ROAD SUITE 200, PHOENIX, AZ 85016-3431
Preparer
Karen K Mccloskey CPA
Phone
6022657011
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 1:

“Grants and other assistance to domestic organizations: $2,180,857 is attributed to transferring endowment funds to lowell observatory foundation in order for the foundation to hold and manage the assets for the exclusive benefit of the lowell observatory.”

Financial Statement Notes

PART X, LINE 2:

“The following disclosure is related to the combined financial statements of the lowell observatory, trust u/w of percival lowell, and the lowell observatory foundation: the observatory and the foundation are exempt from income taxes under both irc section 501(c)(3) and arizona income tax laws. The observatory is classified as other than a private foundation under irc sec 509(a)(1). The foundation is classified as other than a private foundation under irc sec 509(a)(3) as a supporting organization of the observatory. The trust is a non-exempt charitable trust as described in irc sec 4947(a)(1). The trust qualifies as an irc sec 509(a)(3) supporting organization of the observatory and is entitled to a charitable income tax deduction under irc sec 642(c) because all of the gross income is permanently set aside for charitable and scientific purposes. Accordingly, no provision for federal and state income taxes is made. Income from certain activities not directly related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose, however, may be subject to taxation as unrelated business taxable income (ubti). Gaap requires management to perform an evaluation of all tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the organization's tax returns to determine whether the tax positions meet a "more likely than not" standard of being sustained under examination by the applicable taxing authorities. This evaluation is required to be performed for all open tax years, as defined by the various statutes of limitations, for federal and state purposes. The organization is only subject to income taxes on ubti as applicable. The organization is required to file informational returns for federal and state purposes and, if it has ubti, federal and state income tax returns. Management has performed its evaluation of tax positions taken on all open tax returns and has determined that there were no positions taken that do not meet the "more likely than not" standard.”

Raw XML AppendixShowing 400 of 792 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm6HUNTER DEIDRE
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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt5ASTRONOMER
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IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/FundraisingAmt2-2453
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IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt036009
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IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt257928
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt317704
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt086962
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt127218
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt22791
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt317480
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IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt1116986
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt258266
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt345849
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IRS990/OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt0712549
IRS990/OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt03020952
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IRS990/PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd00
IRS990/PayrollTaxesGrp/FundraisingAmt022752
IRS990/PayrollTaxesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt067328
IRS990/PayrollTaxesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt0259695
IRS990/PayrollTaxesGrp/TotalAmt0349775
IRS990/PensionPlanContributionsGrp/FundraisingAmt08552
IRS990/PensionPlanContributionsGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt025760
IRS990/PensionPlanContributionsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt0115670
IRS990/PensionPlanContributionsGrp/TotalAmt0149982
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IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/Desc2EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
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IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp/Desc0OUR OUTREACH PROGRAMS TEACH VISITORS ABOUT GENERAL CONCEPTS IN PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY AND ABOUT PAST AND PRESENT RESEARCH PROJECTS AT LOWELL. IN 2015, MORE THAN 95,000 VISITORS OF ALL AGES AND BACKGROUNDS PARTICIPATED IN THE OBSERVATORY'S OUTREACH PROGRAMS. WE HOSTED A SPECIAL "PLUTO PALOOZA" EVENT DURING THE MONTH OF JULY TO CELEBRATE NEW HORIZONS FLYBY OF PLUTO. THIS EVENT ATTRACTED 6,000 VISITORS IN A SINGLE WEEK. THE LOWELL OBSERVATORY CAMPS FOR KIDS PROGRAMS SERVED OVER 155 PRE-K, ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS AND A NUMBER OF LOCAL TEACHERS. LOWELL ASTRONOMERS AND EDUCATORS INVOLVED IN THE OBSERVATORY'S NAVAJO-HOPI PROGRAM MADE NUMEROUS VISITS TO SCHOOLS ON NAVAJO AND HOPI LANDS TO TEACH LESSONS AND HOST STAR PARTIES.
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IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp/RevenueAmt0759519
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IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome170Grp/TotalAmt02787389
IRS990ScheduleA/PublicOrganization170Ind0X

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Filings

Displayed year

2015 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$48,545,604
Liabilities
$29,682,765
Net assets
$18,862,839
Revenue
$7,579,056
Expenses
$13,157,576
Net income
-$5,578,520
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$103$53.8$48.8$11.9$19.5$7.54
2023XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$85.4$29.0$56.4$20.2$18.6$1.52
2022Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$79.0$23.4$55.6$20.0$19.2$0.85
2021Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$78.4$25.5$52.9$22.8$16.1$6.75
2020Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$70.1$23.2$46.9$16.1$13.5$2.65
2019Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$65.1$20.7$44.4$29.2$14.3$14.9
2018Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$48.1$16.6$31.5$16.8$12.8$3.97
2017Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$47.9$20.3$27.7$22.5$12.6$9.87
2016XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$48.7$31.1$17.6$11.1$13.0$1.90
2015Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$48.5$29.7$18.9$7.58$13.2$5.58
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$53.1$28.5$24.7$8.59$10.6$1.97
2013Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$54.6$27.8$26.7$8.06$10.8$2.70
2012Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$54.9$25.5$29.3$9.66
2011Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$53.8$22.7$31.1$7.13
2010Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$52.6$21.5$31.1$5.82
Peer Organizations

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