Civic Intelligence

Publishers International Linking Association Inc D/B/A Crossref

EIN 04-3502255 • 501(c)6 • Lynnfield, MA

View Organization Page

Profile

Crossref is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to enable easy identification and use of trustworthy electronic content by promoting the cooperative development and application of a sustainable infrastructure.

50 Salem St Building A Suite 304Lynnfield, MA 01940

www.crossref.org

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

32nd percentile

0.16x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 32% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)6 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Liabilities / Revenue

33rd percentile

0.30x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 33% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)6 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Net Margin

81st percentile

25%

Higher net margin than 81% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)6 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Top Officer Pay

23rd percentile

$340,467

Higher top officer pay than 23% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 2.4% of source-year revenue.

501(c)6 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Asset Growth

76th percentile

17%

Faster asset growth than 76% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)6 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Revenue Growth

58th percentile

9.6%

Faster revenue growth than 58% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)6 • $25M-$50M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets32nd percentile

Assets

Up

$27,002,177

Up $3,837,445 (+17%) from 2023

Liabilities

Up

$4,234,984

Up $192,549 (+4.8%) from 2023

Net Assets

Up

$22,767,193

Up $3,644,896 (+19%) from 2023

Operations
Liabilities / Revenue33rd percentileNet Margin81st percentile

Revenue

Up

$13,946,312

Up $1,220,112 (+9.6%) from 2023

Expenses

Up

$10,495,354

Up $234,217 (+2.3%) from 2023

Net Income

Up

$3,450,958

Up $985,895 (+40%) from 2023

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth76th percentile

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$30M$20M$10M$0Assets 2011: $3,884,159Liabilities 2011: $416,163Net Assets 2011: $3,467,9962011Assets 2012: $4,427,317Liabilities 2012: $333,652Net Assets 2012: $4,093,6652012Assets 2013: $5,304,641Liabilities 2013: $455,600Net Assets 2013: $4,849,0412013Assets 2014: $6,342,714Liabilities 2014: $549,794Net Assets 2014: $5,792,9202014Assets 2015: $7,277,842Liabilities 2015: $643,534Net Assets 2015: $6,634,3082015Assets 2016: $7,983,629Liabilities 2016: $795,480Net Assets 2016: $7,188,1492016Assets 2017: $8,417,223Liabilities 2017: $764,367Net Assets 2017: $7,652,8562017Assets 2018: $8,486,146Liabilities 2018: $707,154Net Assets 2018: $7,778,9922018Assets 2019: $10,130,905Liabilities 2019: $1,225,413Net Assets 2019: $8,905,4922019Assets 2020: $13,363,942Liabilities 2020: $1,983,642Net Assets 2020: $11,380,3002020Assets 2021: $16,437,833Liabilities 2021: $2,092,237Net Assets 2021: $14,345,5962021Assets 2022: $19,261,691Liabilities 2022: $2,787,808Net Assets 2022: $16,473,8832022Assets 2023: $23,164,732Liabilities 2023: $4,042,435Net Assets 2023: $19,122,2972023Assets 2024: $27,002,177Liabilities 2024: $4,234,984Net Assets 2024: $22,767,1932024

Highlighted filing

2024

Assets$27,002,177
Liabilities$4,234,984
Net Assets$22,767,193
Open 2024 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth58th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$15M$10M$5.0M$0Expenses 2011: $4,568,8962011Expenses 2012: $4,512,2562012Revenue 2013: $5,743,662Expenses 2013: $4,981,761Net Income 2013: $761,9012013Revenue 2014: $6,361,955Expenses 2014: $5,384,377Net Income 2014: $977,5782014Revenue 2015: $6,687,797Expenses 2015: $5,810,688Net Income 2015: $877,1092015Revenue 2016: $7,138,373Expenses 2016: $6,484,539Net Income 2016: $653,8342016Revenue 2017: $7,898,030Expenses 2017: $7,467,519Net Income 2017: $430,5112017Revenue 2018: $8,316,537Expenses 2018: $8,093,758Net Income 2018: $222,7792018Revenue 2019: $9,471,938Expenses 2019: $8,440,304Net Income 2019: $1,031,6342019Revenue 2020: $10,201,239Expenses 2020: $7,774,635Net Income 2020: $2,426,6042020Revenue 2021: $11,352,834Expenses 2021: $8,499,483Net Income 2021: $2,853,3512021Revenue 2022: $11,757,089Expenses 2022: $9,152,576Net Income 2022: $2,604,5132022Revenue 2023: $12,726,200Expenses 2023: $10,261,137Net Income 2023: $2,465,0632023Revenue 2024: $13,946,312Expenses 2024: $10,495,354Net Income 2024: $3,450,9582024

Highlighted filing

2024

Revenue$13,946,312
Expenses$10,495,354
Net Income$3,450,958
Open 2024 Filing

Filings

Most recent year

2024 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$27,002,177
Liabilities
$4,234,984
Net assets
$22,767,193
Revenue
$13,946,312
Expenses
$10,495,354
Net income
$3,450,958
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$27.0$4.23$22.8$13.9$10.5$3.45
2023Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$23.2$4.04$19.1$12.7$10.3$2.47
2022Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$19.3$2.79$16.5$11.8$9.15$2.60
2021Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$16.4$2.09$14.3$11.4$8.50$2.85
2020Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$13.4$1.98$11.4$10.2$7.77$2.43
2019Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$10.1$1.23$8.91$9.47$8.44$1.03
2018Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$8.49$0.71$7.78$8.32$8.09$0.22
2017Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$8.42$0.76$7.65$7.90$7.47$0.43
2016Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$7.98$0.80$7.19$7.14$6.48$0.65
2015Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$7.28$0.64$6.63$6.69$5.81$0.88
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$6.34$0.55$5.79$6.36$5.38$0.98
2013Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$5.30$0.46$4.85$5.74$4.98$0.76
2012Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$4.43$0.33$4.09$4.51
2011Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$3.88$0.42$3.47$4.57
Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024
Signed
Nov 13, 2025
Return Version
2024v5.0
Gross Receipts
$17,459,141
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Crossref's general purpose is to promote the development and cooperative use of new and innovative technologies to speed and facilitate scholarly research. Crossref's specific mandate is to be the citation linking backbone for all scholarly information in electronic form. Crossref is a collaborative reference linking service that functions as a sort of digital switchboard. It holds no full text content, but rather effects linkages through crossref digital object identifiers (crossref doi), which are tagged to article metadata supplied by the participating publishers. The end result is an efficient, scalable linking system through which a researcher can click on a reference citation in a journal and access the cited article.

Crossref makes research outputs easy to find, cite, link, assess, and reuse.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$15,313,525$17,061,922▲ $1,748,397
Accounts Receivable$5,627,914$6,850,187▲ $1,222,273
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$1,040,091$1,764,282▲ $724,191
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$451,236$461,821▲ $10,585
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities$291,565$331,894▲ $40,329
Intangible Assets$175,000$175,000→ $0
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$9,621$22,166▲ $12,545
Total Assets$23,164,732$27,002,177▲ $3,837,445
Other Assets Total$255,780$334,905▲ $79,125
Liabilities
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$3,722,223$3,932,862▲ $210,639
Deferred Revenue$205,841$230,688▲ $24,847
Other Liabilities$114,371$71,434▼ $42,937
Total Liabilities$4,042,435$4,234,984▲ $192,549
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$19,062,003$22,450,858▲ $3,388,855
Net Assets With Donor Restrictions$60,294$316,335▲ $256,041
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$19,122,297$22,767,193▲ $3,644,896
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$23,164,732$27,002,177▲ $3,837,445

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Equipment$22,166$461,672$483,838
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay23rd percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
Edward PentzExec Director & aFT$340,467-$340,467
Edward PentzExec Director & Assist Se-$340,467$25,601$340,467
Lucy OfieshCOO and SecrFT$237,342$25,101$262,443
Lucy OfieshCOO and Secretary-$236,842$21,549$262,443
Ginny HendricksChief PrograFT$224,468$21,549$246,017
Ginny HendricksChief Program Office-$224,468-$246,017
Timothy PickardSystem Supp.FT$151,854-$151,854
Timothy PickardSystem Supp. Analyst-$151,854-$151,854
Esha DattaPrincipal R&FT$149,961-$149,961
Patrick PolischukApi ProductFT$149,012-$149,012
Jon StarkSoftware DevFT$146,145-$146,145
Patricia FeeneyHead of MetaFT$134,716-$134,716

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Lisa SchiffChair
Aaron WoodBoard Member
Anjalie NawaratneBoard Member
Ashley TowneBoard Member
Christine StohnBoard Member
Ivan SuazoBoard Member
James PhillpottsBoard Member
Kihong KimBoard Member
Marin DacosBoard Member
Nici PfeifferBoard Member
Nick LindsayBoard Member
Oscar DondeBoard Member
Peneolope LewisBoard Member
Vincas GrigasBoard Member
Wendy PattersonBoard Member
ROSE L'HUILLIERTreasurer

Highest Paid Contractors

ContractorServicesLocationCompensation
Turnitin LLCSoftware Compan2101 WEBSTER STREET STE 1900, 9TH FLOOR, Oakland, CA 94612$2,839,776
Pierce Atwood LLPLegal Services254 COMMERCIAL STREET, Portland, ME 04101$109,500
Perrett Laver LLCExecutive Searc332 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE, Chicago, IL 60604$101,880
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$297,051
Program Service Revenue
$13,068,086
Investment Income
$582,261
Other Revenue
$-1,086
All Other Contributions
$297,051
Change in Net Assets
$3,450,958

Audited Revenue Reconciliation

Revenue per Audited Statements
$13,940,821
Revenue Not Reported on Financial Statements
$5,491
Revenue Not Reported on Form 990
$199,429
Other Revenue Adjustments
$511
Total Revenue per Audited Statements
$14,140,250
Total Revenue per Form 990
$13,946,312
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$6,879,786
Other Expenses$3,615,568
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Total Fundraising Expense$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$3,682,153$825,605-$4,507,758
Information Technology$1,485,510$145,847-$1,631,357
Other Employee Benefits$703,297$181,892-$885,189
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$586,484$262,443-$848,927
Fees for Services Other$185,749$455,189-$640,938
Payroll Taxes$447,599$108,603-$556,202
Conferences and Meetings$189,216$95,892-$285,108
Fees for Services Legal$1,621$146,863-$148,484
Pension Plan Contributions$75,162$6,548-$81,710
Office Expenses$47,808$17,170-$64,978
Fees for Services Accounting-$55,572-$55,572
Occupancy$42,407$11,901-$54,308
Other Expenses$188,695$47,967-$47,967
Travel$19,473$23,357-$42,830
Insurance$25,901$6,494-$32,395
Depreciation Depletion$8,913$2,235-$11,148
Total Functional Expenses$7,970,988$2,524,366$0$10,495,354

Audited Expense Reconciliation

Line ItemAmount
Expenses per Audited Statements$10,495,354
Total Expenses per Audited Statements$10,495,354
Total Expenses per Form 990$10,495,354
International Activity

International Summary

Offices
1
Employees
30
Spending
$3,097,328

International Compliance

Foreign grant records maintained
No
Activity in boycott countries
No
Foreign corporation ownership
No
Foreign partnership interest
No
Interest in foreign trust
No
Passive foreign investment company interest
No
Transfers to foreign corporations
No

International Activities

RegionActivityServicesOfficesEmployeesSpending
EuropeProgram ServicesScholarly Research124$2,864,477
Subsaharan AfricaProgram ServicesScholarly Research-4$118,224
North AmericaProgram ServicesScholarly Research-1$92,562
East AsiaProgram ServicesScholarly Research-1$22,065
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Operating Lease Liabilities$71,434
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Page 6, Part VI, Line 6

“We are a 501c(6) membership organization and as such have many members.”

Form 990, Page 6, Part VI, Line 7A

“All members are asked to participate in board elections.”

Form 990, Page 6, Part VI, Line 11B

“The form 990 is reviewed and approved by the audit committee and emailed to the board of directors for comment before filing.”

Form 990, Page 6, Part VI, Line 12C

“The organization requires each board member, committee chair and key staff to sign a conflict of interest compliance statement annually. This policy is stated in the organization's bylaws.”

Form 990, Page 6, Part VI, Line 15A

“In accordance with the organization's financial policies and reviewed by the board. "the executive committee must approve salaries and other compensation for the executive director. All such salaries and other compensation shall be determined through a process that includes the review of comparability data and substantiation of the deliberation and decision in the form of notes taken at the meeting where the compensation is approved. The annual merit increase structure will be approved as part of the budget process. The treasurer must approve all employee incentive/bonus plans for the executive director."”

Form 990, Page 6, Part VI, Line 15B

“In accordance with the organization's financial policies and reviewed by the board. "salaries of all non-officer persons who report directly to the executive director must be jointly approved by the executive director, treasurer and president. All salaries and other compensation shall be determined through a process that includes the review of comparability data and substantiation of the deliberation and decision. The annual merit increase structure will be approved as part of the budget process."”

Form 990, Page 6, Part VI, Line 19

“The organization's certificate of incorporation and bylaws are posted on the organization's website. Policies are located on dropbox or googledocs, and financials are included in the annual report which is also posted on the organization's website.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Publishers International Linking
EIN
04-3502255
Phone
7812950072
Address
50 SALEM ST BUILDING A SUITE 304, LYNNFIELD, MA 01940
Doing Business As
Crossref

Signing Officer

Name
Edward Pentz
Title
Exec Director & Assist Se
Phone
7812950072
Signed
2025-11-13

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Edward Pentz
Formed
2000
Legal Domicile
Ma
Voting Board Members
16
Independent Board Members
16
Employees
21
Volunteers
16

Preparer

Firm
Galleros Robinson
Address
488 MADISON AVE RM 2005, NEW YORK, NY 10022
Preparer
Derek Flanagan
Phone
6469210400
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

FORM 990 - ORGANIZATION'S MISSION

“Crossref's general purpose is to promote the development and cooperative use of new and innovative technologies to speed and facilitate scholarly research. Crossref's specific mandate is to be the citation linking backbone for all scholarly information in electronic form. Crossref is a collaborative reference linking service that functions as a sort of digital switchboard. It holds no full text content, but rather effects linkages through crossref digital object identifiers (crossref doi), which are tagged to article metadata supplied by the participating publishers. The end result is an efficient, scalable linking system through which a researcher can click on a reference citation in a journal and access the cited article.”

Form 990, Part V, Line 4B

“GREAT BRITAIN (UK)”

Form 990, Part XI, Line 9

“Loss on write off of equipment -511”

Form 990, Page 12, Part XII, Line 2C

“The organiation did not change either its oversight process or selection process during the tax year.”

Financial Statement Notes

Schedule D, Page 3, Part X

“The association applies the provisions pertaining to uncertain tax provisions, fasb asc topic 740, and has determined that there are no material uncertain tax positions that require recognition or disclosure in the financial statements. The association is subject to routine audits by taxing jurisdictions; however, there are currently no audits for any tax periods in progress. The association believes it is no longer subject to income tax examinations for years prior to 2021.”

Schedule D, Page 4, Part XI, Line 4B

“Loss on sale of assets 511”

Raw XML AppendixShowing 400 of 622 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

Path#Value
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IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0TURNITIN LLC
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt1PIERCE ATWOOD LLP
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IRS990/Desc0PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATIVE USE OF NEW AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO SPEED AND FACILITATE SCIENTIFIC AND OTHER SCHOLARLY RESEARCH.
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