Civic Intelligence

Clause 40 Foundation

990 • Fiscal year 2022 • EIN 82-4127219

Jan 01, 2022 to Dec 31, 2022 • Filed on Nov 10, 2023

700 Pennsylvania Ave SE 560Washington, DC 20003-2551

(202) 558-6680

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.

Liabilities / Assets

97th percentile

1.69x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 97% of similar nonprofits.

2022 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2022

Liabilities / Revenue

97th percentile

2.38x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 97% of similar nonprofits.

2022 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2022

Net Margin

5th percentile

-157%

Higher net margin than 5% of similar nonprofits.

2022 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2022

Top Officer Pay

99th percentile

$180,250

Higher top officer pay than 99% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 155.0% of source-year revenue.

2022 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2022

Asset Growth

10th percentile

-48%

Faster asset growth than 10% of similar nonprofits.

2022 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2021 to 2022

Revenue Growth

66th percentile

33%

Faster revenue growth than 66% of similar nonprofits.

2022 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2021 to 2022

Assets

Down

$164,045

Down $150,552 (-48%) from 2021

Net Assets

Down

-$113,303

Down $182,476 (-264%) from 2021

Liabilities

Up

$277,348

Up $31,924 (+13%) from 2021

Revenue

Up

$116,303

Up $28,988 (+33%) from 2021

Expenses

Up

$298,779

Up $107,119 (+56%) from 2021

Net Income

Down

-$182,476

Down $78,131 (-75%) from 2021

Historical Trend

Balance Sheet Trend

The highlighted filing sits inside the broader history for assets, liabilities, and net assets.

$400K$200K$0-$200KAssets 2019: $7,484Liabilities 2019: $59,8912019Assets 2020: $323,522Liabilities 2020: $150,004Net Assets 2020: $173,5182020Assets 2021: $314,597Liabilities 2021: $245,424Net Assets 2021: $69,1732021Assets 2022: $164,045Liabilities 2022: $277,348Net Assets 2022: -$113,3032022Assets 2023: $82,219Liabilities 2023: $209,971Net Assets 2023: -$127,7522023Assets 2024: $26,026Liabilities 2024: $153,773Net Assets 2024: -$127,7472024

Highlighted filing

2022

Assets$164,045
Liabilities$277,348
Net Assets-$113,303

Operations Trend

Revenue, expenses, and net income across loaded years, with this filing highlighted.

$400K$200K$0-$200KRevenue 2019: $0Expenses 2019: $43,499Net Income 2019: -$43,4992019Revenue 2020: $341,746Expenses 2020: $115,821Net Income 2020: $225,9252020Revenue 2021: $87,315Expenses 2021: $191,660Net Income 2021: -$104,3452021Revenue 2022: $116,303Expenses 2022: $298,779Net Income 2022: -$182,4762022Revenue 2023: $99,688Expenses 2023: $114,138Net Income 2023: -$14,4502023Revenue 2024: $67,311Expenses 2024: $69,769Net Income 2024: -$2,4582024

Highlighted filing

2022

Revenue$116,303
Expenses$298,779
Net Income-$182,476
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2022 to Dec 31, 2022
Signed
Nov 10, 2023
Return Version
2022v5.0
Gross Receipts
$116,303
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Clause 40 foundation is a nonpartisan organization whose mission is to honor, preserve, and promote the due process rights guaranteed in the u.s. Constitution through educational and charitable activities.

Clause 40 foundation is a nonpartisan organization whose mission is to honor, preserve, and promote the due process rights guaranteed in the u.s. Constitution through public education, events, research, litigation, and more. In the american criminal legal system, these constitutional principles encompass a number of specific issues including: the right to have notice of the nation's criminal laws; the right to present evidence; the freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures; the right to a fair and impartial grand jury; the right to a meaningful opportunity to be heard by an unbiased tribunal in a timely manner; and the right to be represented by counsel. Clause 40 foundation honors, preserves, and promotes these core constitutional american values through its own educational and charitable activities, as well as through collaboration on projects with other nonprofits, academic institutions, and individuals.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$314,597$164,045▼ $150,552
Total Assets$314,597$164,045▼ $150,552
Liabilities
Other Liabilities$244,194$266,563▲ $22,369
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$1,230$10,785▲ $9,555
Total Liabilities$245,424$277,348▲ $31,924
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets With Donor Restrictions$565$0▼ $565
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$68,608$-113,303▼ $181,911
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$69,173$-113,303▼ $182,476
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$314,597$164,045▼ $150,552
Compensation and Service Providers

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Ross GarberChair
SHANA-TARA O'TOOLEPresident/CEO
Alex LitvackDirector
Brett TolmanDirector
Karen BlackistoneDirector
TIMOTHY O'TOOLEDirector
Jason PyeDirector, Rule of Law Initiatives
Blair BrownSecretary
Michael ChaseTreasurer
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$112,728
Program Service Revenue
$3,575
Investment Income
$0
Other Revenue
$0
All Other Contributions
$112,728
Change in Net Assets
$-182,476
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$205,406
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$50,000
Other Expenses$43,373
Total Fundraising Expense$17,465
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$125,482$40,389$15,024$180,895
Grants to Domestic Orgs$50,000--$50,000
Fees for Services Accounting-$23,789-$23,789
Office Expenses$10,140$3,959$1,112$15,211
Payroll Taxes$9,816$2,981$791$13,588
Pension Plan Contributions$1,820$3,346$395$5,561
Other Employee Benefits$526$4,788$48$5,362
Travel$1,206--$1,206
Insurance$797$256$95$1,148
Advertising$355$721-$1,076
Fees for Services Other$417--$417
Conferences and Meetings$350--$350
Fees for Services Legal-$97-$97
Other Expenses$79--$79
Total Functional Expenses$200,988$80,326$17,465$298,779
International Activity

Grant and Assistance Recipients

RecipientLocationCategoryPurposeAmount
Due Process InstituteWashington, DC501(c)(4)Amicus Work$50,000
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
Yes
Subject to proxy tax
No
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Due to Related Party$266,563
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
No
Other officer compensation reviewed
No
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 2

Shana-tara o'toole, ex officio director who also serves as the organization's current president/ceo, is married to director timothy o'toole.

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11B

The form 990 is prepared by an outside accounting firm, submitted to the president, and reviewed by officers prior to submission.

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12C

Each director, committee member, and employee of the organization is provided a copy of the organization's conflicts of interest policy signs and dates an accompanying disclosure statement disclosing potential conflicts of interest at the beginning of his or her term of service or employment, and annually thereafter. All directors, committee members, and employees are also under a continuing obligation to make full disclosure of all situations involving either actual or potential conflicts of interest, whenever such situations may arise, and any individual who has an actual or potential conflict of interest as to any proposed grant, transaction, or other matter shall disclose the possible conflict of interest before any board or committee deliberations on such matter. Following disclosure of a possible conflict of interest, the board of directors or executive committee shall determine whether a conflict of interest exists and, if so, determine a course of action to resolve the conflict, subject to the following rule. A director, committee member, or employee shall not participate in any discussion, debate, or vote of the board of directors or any committee in which the subject of discussion is a transaction in which there is an actual conflict of interest. After providing any information requested by other members, the interested person shall be physically absent from the room in which the discussion and vote take place and shall abstain from a vote. The minutes of the meeting will reflect what steps were taken. All other conflicts of interest shall be handled as determined by the board of directors or executive committee.

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15

The president/ceo does not receive any direct compensation from the entity nor are there any key employees of the entity for this tax year.

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19

The organization makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy, and financial statements available to the public upon request.

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Clause 40 Foundation
EIN
82-4127219
Phone
2025586680
Address
700 PENNSYLVANIA AVE SE 560, WASHINGTON, DC 20003-2551

Signing Officer

Name
SHANA-TARA O'TOOLE
Title
President and CEO
Phone
2025586680
Signed
2023-11-10
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
SHANA-TARA O'TOOLE
Formed
2018
Legal Domicile
Dc
Voting Board Members
8
Independent Board Members
7
Employees
1
Volunteers
10

Preparer

Firm
Rsm US Llp
Address
1250 H STREET SUITE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
Preparer
Elizabeth W Heller
Phone
2022932200
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

PART X, LINE 25:

"other liabilities" consist of $266,563 in amounts due to due process institute (a brother-sister 501(c)(4) organization) for cash advances, shared payroll, and other expenses since the founding of clause 40 foundation in 2018.

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IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp/Desc0LITIGATION - CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION DIRECTS AND SUPPORTS EFFORTS TO PRESERVE PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS RIGHTS THROUGH LITIGATION, PARTICULARLY THROUGH THE FILING OR FUNDING OF AMICUS OR "FRIEND OF THE COURT" LEGAL BRIEFS. THIS WORK FURTHERS CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION'S CHARITABLE MISSION OF DEFENDING HUMAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS SECURED BY LAW--NAMELY THE PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS RIGHTS ENSHRINED IN THE U.S. CONSTITUTION. THIS YEAR THE FOUNDATION FILED IN TWO MATTERS: A CASE IN WHICH WE ARGUED THAT ACCESS TO THE COURTS THROUGH CIVIL LITIGATION IS A VITAL SAFEGUARD FOR THE VINDICATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IMPLICATED BY FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND A CASE IN WHICH WE ARGUED THAT A DEFENDANT SHOULD BE ABLE TO MOUNT A REASONABLE DOUBT DEFENSE BASED ON THE POLICE'S FAILURE TO INVESTIGATE ANOTHER SUSPECT.
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IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp/Desc0EVENTS - THROUGH PROGRAMS, SEMINARS, LECTURES, FILM SCREENINGS, BOOK EVENTS, AND CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION (CLE) EVENTS, THE FOUNDATION PROVIDES EDUCATION NATIONWIDE TO ACADEMICS, LAWYERS, ADVOCATES, JOURNALISTS, AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC AT LARGE WITH RESPECT TO A WIDE RANGE OF CRIMINAL LAW CONSTITUTIONAL DUE PROCESS CONCERNS. THE GOAL OF THESE EFFORTS IS TO CULTIVATE A BETTER PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS RIGHTS PROTECTED BY THE U.S. CONSTITUTION AND TO IMPROVE AWARENESS OF WAYS IN WHICH OUR CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM COULD IMPROVE PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS. KEY EVENTS IN 2022 EXECUTED BY CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION INCLUDED AN EVENT (IN PERSON AND ONLINE) IN SUPPORT OF PROFESSOR EVAN BERNICK'S NEW BOOK ON THE HISTORY OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT AS WELL AS AN ON-LINE EVENT IN SUPPORT OF CHRISTOPHER FABRICANT'S BOOK FOCUSING ON JUNK SCIENCE IN AMERICA'S COURTROOMS. CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION ALSO CO-HOSTED "TWO VIEWS: AN EXPLORATION OF KEY CASES FROM THE SUPREME COURT'S CRIMINAL LAW DOCKET," A WIDELY ATTENDED LIVE CLE EVENT THAT FEATURED TWO CONSTITUTIONAL LAW EXPERTS DISCUSSING THE MOST IMPORTANT CRIMINAL LAW CASES BEFORE THE COURT.
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IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp/Desc0HONORING DUE PROCESS RIGHTS - CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION PLANS TO HONOR THE IMPORTANCE OF DUE PROCESS RIGHTS THROUGH PROJECTS SUCH AS THE AWARDING OF A "DUE PROCESS TORCH" TO INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED IN A MEANINGFUL WAY TO THE PRESERVATION OF DUE PROCESS IN THE U.S. CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM. (THE AWARD WAS NOT AWARDED IN 2022 DUE TO EVENT CANCELLATIONS.)
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IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0700 PENNSYLVANIA AVE SE 560
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IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/PersonNm0SHANA-TARA O'TOOLE
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/PersonNm1JASON PYE
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/TitleTxt0PRESIDENT/CEO
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/TitleTxt1DIRECTOR, RULE OF LAW INITIATIVES
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IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0DUE PROCESS INSTITUTE USES THE FOLLOWING METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE COMPENSATION OF ITS PRESIDENT/CEO: FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, COMPENSATION STUDY OR SURVEY, APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OR COMPENSATION COMMITTEE.
IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0PART I, LINE 3
IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd00
IRS990/ScheduleORequiredInd01
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0SHANA-TARA O'TOOLE, EX OFFICIO DIRECTOR WHO ALSO SERVES AS THE ORGANIZATION'S CURRENT PRESIDENT/CEO, IS MARRIED TO DIRECTOR TIMOTHY O'TOOLE.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt1THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY AN OUTSIDE ACCOUNTING FIRM, SUBMITTED TO THE PRESIDENT, AND REVIEWED BY OFFICERS PRIOR TO SUBMISSION.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt2EACH DIRECTOR, COMMITTEE MEMBER, AND EMPLOYEE OF THE ORGANIZATION IS PROVIDED A COPY OF THE ORGANIZATION'S CONFLICTS OF INTEREST POLICY SIGNS AND DATES AN ACCOMPANYING DISCLOSURE STATEMENT DISCLOSING POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AT THE BEGINNING OF HIS OR HER TERM OF SERVICE OR EMPLOYMENT, AND ANNUALLY THEREAFTER. ALL DIRECTORS, COMMITTEE MEMBERS, AND EMPLOYEES ARE ALSO UNDER A CONTINUING OBLIGATION TO MAKE FULL DISCLOSURE OF ALL SITUATIONS INVOLVING EITHER ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST, WHENEVER SUCH SITUATIONS MAY ARISE, AND ANY INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS AN ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST AS TO ANY PROPOSED GRANT, TRANSACTION, OR OTHER MATTER SHALL DISCLOSE THE POSSIBLE CONFLICT OF INTEREST BEFORE ANY BOARD OR COMMITTEE DELIBERATIONS ON SUCH MATTER. FOLLOWING DISCLOSURE OF A POSSIBLE CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL DETERMINE WHETHER A CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXISTS AND, IF SO, DETERMINE A COURSE OF ACTION TO RESOLVE THE CONFLICT, SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING RULE. A DIRECTOR, COMMITTEE MEMBER, OR EMPLOYEE SHALL NOT PARTICIPATE IN ANY DISCUSSION, DEBATE, OR VOTE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ANY COMMITTEE IN WHICH THE SUBJECT OF DISCUSSION IS A TRANSACTION IN WHICH THERE IS AN ACTUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST. AFTER PROVIDING ANY INFORMATION REQUESTED BY OTHER MEMBERS, THE INTERESTED PERSON SHALL BE PHYSICALLY ABSENT FROM THE ROOM IN WHICH THE DISCUSSION AND VOTE TAKE PLACE AND SHALL ABSTAIN FROM A VOTE. THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING WILL REFLECT WHAT STEPS WERE TAKEN. ALL OTHER CONFLICTS OF INTEREST SHALL BE HANDLED AS DETERMINED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt3THE PRESIDENT/CEO DOES NOT RECEIVE ANY DIRECT COMPENSATION FROM THE ENTITY NOR ARE THERE ANY KEY EMPLOYEES OF THE ENTITY FOR THIS TAX YEAR.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt4THE ORGANIZATION MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt5"OTHER LIABILITIES" CONSIST OF $266,563 IN AMOUNTS DUE TO DUE PROCESS INSTITUTE (A BROTHER-SISTER 501(C)(4) ORGANIZATION) FOR CASH ADVANCES, SHARED PAYROLL, AND OTHER EXPENSES SINCE THE FOUNDING OF CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION IN 2018.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 2
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc1FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc2FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc3FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc4FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc5PART X, LINE 25:
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IRS990ScheduleR/AssetSaleToOtherOrgInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/DivRelatedOrganizationInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/GiftGrntCapContriFromOthOrgInd00
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IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/ControlledOrganizationInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/DisregardedEntityName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0DUE PROCESS INSTITUTE

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