Civic Intelligence

Planetary Science Institute

990 • Fiscal year 2023 • EIN 33-0175263

Oct 01, 2022 to Sep 30, 2023 • Filed on Aug 13, 2024

Organization Profilewww.psi.edu

View Organization Page

1700 E Ft Lowell Rd No 106Tucson, AZ 85719

(520) 622-6300

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.

Liabilities / Assets

74th percentile

0.48x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 74% of similar nonprofits.

2023 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Source year 2023

Liabilities / Revenue

41st percentile

0.17x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 41% of similar nonprofits.

2023 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Source year 2023

Net Margin

44th percentile

1.8%

Higher net margin than 44% of similar nonprofits.

2023 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Source year 2023

Top Officer Pay

77th percentile

$293,062

Higher top officer pay than 77% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 1.6% of source-year revenue.

2023 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Source year 2023

Asset Growth

55th percentile

7.5%

Faster asset growth than 55% of similar nonprofits.

2023 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Annualized from 2022 to 2023

Revenue Growth

33rd percentile

-3.1%

Faster revenue growth than 33% of similar nonprofits.

2023 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Annualized from 2022 to 2023

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets74th percentile

Assets

Up

$6,331,149

Up $443,697 (+7.5%) from 2022

Net Assets

Up

$3,285,558

Up $336,253 (+11%) from 2022

Liabilities

Up

$3,045,591

Up $107,444 (+3.7%) from 2022

Revenue And Expenses
Liabilities / Revenue41st percentileNet Margin44th percentile

Revenue

Down

$17,937,228

Down $580,192 (-3.1%) from 2022

Expenses

Down

$17,620,401

Down $531,336 (-2.9%) from 2022

Net Income

Down

$316,827

Down $48,856 (-13%) from 2022

Historical Trend

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth55th percentile

The highlighted filing sits inside the broader history for assets, liabilities, and net assets.

$8.0M$6.0M$4.0M$2.0M$0Assets 2014: $2,790,212Liabilities 2014: $2,467,953Net Assets 2014: $322,2592014Assets 2015: $2,913,855Liabilities 2015: $2,479,068Net Assets 2015: $434,7872015Assets 2016: $2,917,293Liabilities 2016: $2,503,856Net Assets 2016: $413,4372016Assets 2018: $3,358,331Liabilities 2018: $2,679,114Net Assets 2018: $679,2172018Assets 2019: $3,624,539Liabilities 2019: $2,773,756Net Assets 2019: $850,7832019Assets 2020: $5,644,697Liabilities 2020: $4,884,487Net Assets 2020: $760,2102020Assets 2021: $5,275,095Liabilities 2021: $2,630,056Net Assets 2021: $2,645,0392021Assets 2022: $5,887,452Liabilities 2022: $2,938,147Net Assets 2022: $2,949,3052022Assets 2023: $6,331,149Liabilities 2023: $3,045,591Net Assets 2023: $3,285,5582023Assets 2024: $5,660,734Liabilities 2024: $2,230,439Net Assets 2024: $3,430,2952024

Highlighted filing

2023

Assets$6,331,149
Liabilities$3,045,591
Net Assets$3,285,558
Open 2023 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth33rd percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income across loaded years, with this filing highlighted.

$20M$15M$10M$5.0M$0-$5.0MRevenue 2014: $9,816,547Expenses 2014: $9,800,201Net Income 2014: $16,3462014Revenue 2015: $10,662,768Expenses 2015: $10,550,240Net Income 2015: $112,5282015Revenue 2016: $11,666,276Expenses 2016: $11,687,626Net Income 2016: -$21,3502016Revenue 2018: $13,124,044Expenses 2018: $12,945,376Net Income 2018: $178,6682018Revenue 2019: $15,198,856Expenses 2019: $15,027,290Net Income 2019: $171,5662019Revenue 2020: $15,041,893Expenses 2020: $15,120,352Net Income 2020: -$78,4592020Revenue 2021: $17,303,405Expenses 2021: $15,454,007Net Income 2021: $1,849,3982021Revenue 2022: $18,517,420Expenses 2022: $18,151,737Net Income 2022: $365,6832022Revenue 2023: $17,937,228Expenses 2023: $17,620,401Net Income 2023: $316,8272023Revenue 2024: $17,875,430Expenses 2024: $17,793,247Net Income 2024: $82,1832024

Highlighted filing

2023

Revenue$17,937,228
Expenses$17,620,401
Net Income$316,827
Open 2023 Filing
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Oct 1, 2022 to Sep 30, 2023
Signed
Aug 13, 2024
Return Version
2022v5.0
Gross Receipts
$17,937,228
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

The Planetary Science Institute studies the origin, characteristics, and evolution of planetary systems, including our solar system, Earth itself, and planetary systems around other stars. We convey the resulting knowledge to the scientific community, and to the public at large to promote science education and science literacy. We further use this knowledge to advance human activity in space and shape the future of robotic exploration of the solar system.

Solar system exploration, comparative planetology, science education and public outreach

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$2,437,136$2,988,380▲ $551,244
Pledges and Grants Receivable$1,869,104$1,515,125▼ $353,979
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$1,298,119$1,307,177▲ $9,058
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$269,467$295,495▲ $26,028
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$13,626$18,482▲ $4,856
Total Assets$5,887,452$6,331,149▲ $443,697
Other Assets Total$0$206,490▲ $206,490
Liabilities
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$2,145,802$2,143,048▼ $2,754
Mortgage Notes Payable Secured by Investment Property$751,639$666,274▼ $85,365
Other Liabilities$0$231,879▲ $231,879
Deferred Revenue$40,706$4,390▼ $36,316
Total Liabilities$2,938,147$3,045,591▲ $107,444
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$2,839,365$3,175,518▲ $336,153
Net Assets With Donor Restrictions$109,940$110,040▲ $100
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$2,949,305$3,285,558▲ $336,253
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$5,887,452$6,331,149▲ $443,697

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Buildings$1,029,386$1,269,549$2,298,935
Equipment$277,791$900,271$1,178,062
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay77th percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
Mark V SykesCEO / TrusteeFT$234,647$58,415$293,062
Maurizio A Ienna-BalistreriCFO / TreasurerFT$177,084$61,784$238,868
Bruce D BarnettSenior Advisor / SecretaryFT$186,358$40,784$227,142
Amanda R HendrixSenior ScientistFT$178,087$45,640$223,727
Catherine M WeitzSenior ScientistFT$172,333$37,331$209,664
Melinda DyarSenior ScientistPT$179,579$26,545$206,124
Scott H RobinsonSenior ScientistPT$172,900$26,186$199,086
Eldar Z Noe DobreaSenior ScientistFT$166,915$29,737$196,652

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Scott FouseTrustee/Board Chair
William CraigTrustee/Vice Chair
Alison NordtTrustee
Arun SeraphinTrustee
William HartmannTrustee
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$121,858
Program Service Revenue
$17,741,199
Investment Income
$61,275
Other Revenue
$12,896
All Other Contributions
$121,858
Change in Net Assets
$316,827

Audited Revenue Reconciliation

Revenue per Audited Statements
$17,937,228
Revenue Not Reported on Financial Statements
$0
Revenue Not Reported on Form 990
$19,426
Total Revenue per Audited Statements
$17,956,654
Total Revenue per Form 990
$17,937,228
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$13,003,275
Other Expenses$4,617,126
Total Fundraising Expense$720
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$8,870,192$671,998-$9,542,190
Pension Plan Contributions$1,063,906$136,169-$1,200,075
Other Employee Benefits$839,084$109,869-$948,953
Payroll Taxes$680,623$82,474-$763,097
Travel$614,267$8,734-$623,001
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$216,383$332,577-$548,960
Fees for Services Other$102,704$156,839-$259,543
Depreciation Depletion$206,686$43,969-$250,655
All Other Expenses$75,299$119,155$223$194,677
Occupancy$149,597$39,843-$189,440
Information Technology$132,809$45,236-$178,045
Conferences and Meetings$152,146$8,501-$160,647
Other Expenses$75,600$39,574-$75,600
Office Expenses$62,929$9,753$497$73,179
Interest$32,738$9,693-$42,431
Insurance-$34,303-$34,303
Fees for Services Legal$7,040$14,055-$21,095
Fees for Service Investment Mgmnt Fees-$2,103-$2,103
Total Functional Expenses$15,748,076$1,871,605$720$17,620,401

Audited Expense Reconciliation

Line ItemAmount
Expenses per Audited Statements$17,620,401
Total Expenses per Audited Statements$17,620,401
Total Expenses per Form 990$17,620,401
Expenses Not Reported on Financial Statements$0
Expenses Not Reported on Form 990$0
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Operating Lease Liablity$231,879
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 8B

“Planetary Science Institute does not have committees that have authority to act on behalf of the governing body.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11B

“The CFO coordinates the preparation of the tax return with the Institute's independent auditing firm, which is selected by Board resolution. The Controller and CFO review the tax return line by line and discuss all elements of the return with the CEO. After final review and discussion, the CFO signs the tax return. Other members of the Board are provided a copy of the return prior to the return being filed.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12C

“Employees and Trustees are required to sign the COI policy upon onboarding. PSI's procurement policy requires purchases in excess of certain thresholds to have multiple quotes, mitigating the risk of paying excessive amounts to potentially conflicted parties. Direct cost purchases are scrutinized for compliance by PIs and Finance staff. Indirect cost purchases are scrutinized by Finance staff, including Controller, CFO, and CEO. Board of Trustees reviews quarterly financial reports.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15

“Compensation for the CEO and CFO are reviewed, discussed, and approved by the Board of Trustees.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19

“The organization's financial statements, governing documents, etc. are made available to the public upon request.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Planetary Science Institute
EIN
33-0175263
Phone
5206226300
Address
1700 E Ft Lowell Rd No 106, Tucson, AZ 85719

Signing Officer

Name
Maurizio Balistreri
Title
Chief Financial Officer
Phone
5206226300
Signed
2024-08-13
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Mark Sykes
Formed
1986
Legal Domicile
Az
Voting Board Members
6
Independent Board Members
6
Employees
161
Volunteers
3

Preparer

Firm
Keegan Linscott & Associates PC
Address
3443 N Campbell Avenue Suite 115, Tucson, AZ 85719
Preparer
Carla J Keegan
Phone
5208840176
Supplemental Narrative

Financial Statement Notes

Part X, Line 2:

“The Institute is exempt from federal income taxes under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Institute is also exempt from state income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for federal or state income taxes is recorded in the accompanying financial statements. Management is not aware of any matters which would cause the Institute to lose its tax-exempt status. However, income from certain activities not directly related to the Institute's tax-exempt purpose, may be subject to taxation as unrelated business income. Management has considered its tax positions and believes that all of the positions taken in its federal and state exempt organization tax returns are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. The Institute's returns are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities, generally for three years and four years, respectively, after they are filed. The Institute recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in operating and general expenses in the accompanying financial statements. During the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Institute did not recognize any interest and penalties.”

Raw XML AppendixShowing 400 of 624 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

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IRS990/Desc0The Planetary Science Institute (PSI) is a nonprofit science research and educational organization with an established record of excellence in solar system exploration, comparative planetology, science education and public outreach. PSI has scientists in 35 states, the District of Columbia, and other locations around the world. In the fiscal year ending September 30, 2023, PSI scientists operated instruments on NASA's Mars Science Laboratory and JUNO missions and provided science team support for these and NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Psyche, New Horizons mission, and ESA's Mars Express. They are unveiling Mercury's geological mysteries, identifying potential salt glaciers and evidence of a primordial atmosphere. They have discovered new volcanic processes on the Moon and a large volcanic outburst on Io.The PSI Observatory continues to be used in the study of Jupiter's Io torus, the observation of comets, exoplanets and other bodies. PSI scientists are identifying the distribution of buried water ice resources on the Moon and Mars that may be important for future human exploration, they support an instrument on the International Space Station to study the climate effects of dust (particularly from North Africa).PSI scientists were awarded research grants and contracts to conduct diverse research and laboratory studies covering the Moon, Mars, asteroids, comets, meteorites, outer planet satellites, solar system dynamics, solar system origins, planets around other stars, and other areas.PSI is responsible, as part of NASA's Planetary Data System, for archiving all mission data involving asteroids, comets and interplanetary dust and making it available to the general science community and public. PSI scientists engaged in public outreach through art, writing children's books, popular science books, and public lectures and broadcast events such as Discovery Channel and BBC specials.
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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt4Trustee
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt5Trustee
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt6Senior Advisor / Secretary
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt7CFO / Treasurer
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt8Senior Scientist
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt9Senior Scientist
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt10Senior Scientist
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt11Senior Scientist
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt12Senior Scientist
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IRS990/MissionDesc0The Planetary Science Institute studies the origin, characteristics, and evolution of planetary systems, including our solar system, Earth itself, and planetary systems around other stars. We convey the resulting knowledge to the scientific community, and to the public at large to promote science education and science literacy. We further use this knowledge to advance human activity in space and shape the future of robotic exploration of the solar system.
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IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0The Institute is exempt from federal income taxes under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Institute is also exempt from state income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for federal or state income taxes is recorded in the accompanying financial statements. Management is not aware of any matters which would cause the Institute to lose its tax-exempt status. However, income from certain activities not directly related to the Institute's tax-exempt purpose, may be subject to taxation as unrelated business income. Management has considered its tax positions and believes that all of the positions taken in its federal and state exempt organization tax returns are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. The Institute's returns are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities, generally for three years and four years, respectively, after they are filed. The Institute recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in operating and general expenses in the accompanying financial statements. During the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Institute did not recognize any interest and penalties.
IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Part X, Line 2:
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Document Assets

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Filings

Displayed year

2023 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$6,331,149
Liabilities
$3,045,591
Net assets
$3,285,558
Revenue
$17,937,228
Expenses
$17,620,401
Net income
$316,827
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$5.66$2.23$3.43$17.9$17.8$0.08
2023Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$6.33$3.05$3.29$17.9$17.6$0.32
2022Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$5.89$2.94$2.95$18.5$18.2$0.37
2021XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$5.28$2.63$2.65$17.3$15.5$1.85
2020XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$5.64$4.88$0.76$15.0$15.1$0.08
2019XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$3.62$2.77$0.85$15.2$15.0$0.17
2018XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$3.36$2.68$0.68$13.1$12.9$0.18
2016XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$2.92$2.50$0.41$11.7$11.7$0.02
2015Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$2.91$2.48$0.43$10.7$10.6$0.11
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$2.79$2.47$0.32$9.82$9.80$0.02