Civic Intelligence

Planetary Science Institute

990 • Fiscal year 2021 • EIN 33-0175263

Oct 01, 2020 to Sep 30, 2021 • Filed on Aug 12, 2022

Organization Profilewww.psi.edu

View Organization Page

1700 E Ft Lowell Rd No 106Tucson, AZ 85719

(520) 622-6300

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.

Liabilities / Assets

76th percentile

0.50x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 76% of similar nonprofits.

2021 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Source year 2021

Liabilities / Revenue

41st percentile

0.15x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 41% of similar nonprofits.

2021 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Source year 2021

Net Margin

47th percentile

11%

Higher net margin than 47% of similar nonprofits.

2021 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Source year 2021

Top Officer Pay

72nd percentile

$249,789

Higher top officer pay than 72% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 1.4% of source-year revenue.

2021 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Source year 2021

Asset Growth

9th percentile

-6.5%

Faster asset growth than 9% of similar nonprofits.

2021 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Annualized from 2020 to 2021

Revenue Growth

54th percentile

15%

Faster revenue growth than 54% of similar nonprofits.

2021 filings • 501(c)3 • $10M-$25M nonprofits • Annualized from 2020 to 2021

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets76th percentile

Assets

Down

$5,275,095

Down $369,602 (-6.5%) from 2020

Net Assets

Up

$2,645,039

Up $1,884,829 (+248%) from 2020

Liabilities

Down

$2,630,056

Down $2,254,431 (-46%) from 2020

Revenue And Expenses
Liabilities / Revenue41st percentileNet Margin47th percentile

Revenue

Up

$17,303,405

Up $2,261,512 (+15%) from 2020

Expenses

Up

$15,454,007

Up $333,655 (+2.2%) from 2020

Net Income

Up

$1,849,398

Up $1,927,857 (+2457%) from 2020

Historical Trend

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth9th percentile

The highlighted filing sits inside the broader history for assets, liabilities, and net assets.

$6.0M$4.0M$2.0M$0Assets 2014: $2,790,212Liabilities 2014: $2,467,953Net Assets 2014: $322,2592014Assets 2015: $2,913,855Liabilities 2015: $2,479,068Net Assets 2015: $434,7872015Assets 2016: $2,917,293Liabilities 2016: $2,503,856Net Assets 2016: $413,4372016Assets 2018: $3,358,331Liabilities 2018: $2,679,114Net Assets 2018: $679,2172018Assets 2019: $3,624,539Liabilities 2019: $2,773,756Net Assets 2019: $850,7832019Assets 2020: $5,644,697Liabilities 2020: $4,884,487Net Assets 2020: $760,2102020Assets 2021: $5,275,095Liabilities 2021: $2,630,056Net Assets 2021: $2,645,0392021Assets 2022: $5,887,452Liabilities 2022: $2,938,147Net Assets 2022: $2,949,3052022Assets 2024: $5,660,734Liabilities 2024: $2,230,439Net Assets 2024: $3,430,2952024

Highlighted filing

2021

Assets$5,275,095
Liabilities$2,630,056
Net Assets$2,645,039
Open 2021 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth54th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income across loaded years, with this filing highlighted.

$20M$15M$10M$5.0M$0-$5.0MRevenue 2014: $9,816,547Expenses 2014: $9,800,201Net Income 2014: $16,3462014Revenue 2015: $10,662,768Expenses 2015: $10,550,240Net Income 2015: $112,5282015Revenue 2016: $11,666,276Expenses 2016: $11,687,626Net Income 2016: -$21,3502016Revenue 2018: $13,124,044Expenses 2018: $12,945,376Net Income 2018: $178,6682018Revenue 2019: $15,198,856Expenses 2019: $15,027,290Net Income 2019: $171,5662019Revenue 2020: $15,041,893Expenses 2020: $15,120,352Net Income 2020: -$78,4592020Revenue 2021: $17,303,405Expenses 2021: $15,454,007Net Income 2021: $1,849,3982021Revenue 2022: $18,517,420Expenses 2022: $18,151,737Net Income 2022: $365,6832022Revenue 2024: $17,875,430Expenses 2024: $17,793,247Net Income 2024: $82,1832024

Highlighted filing

2021

Revenue$17,303,405
Expenses$15,454,007
Net Income$1,849,398
Open 2021 Filing
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Oct 1, 2020 to Sep 30, 2021
Signed
Aug 12, 2022
Return Version
2020v4.2
Gross Receipts
$17,303,405
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

The Planetary Science Institute studies the origin, characteristics, and evolution of planetary systems, including our solar system, Earth itself, and planetary systems around other stars. We convey the resulting knowledge to the scientific community, and to the public at large to promote science education and science literacy. We further use this knowledge to advance human activity in space and shape the future of robotic exploration of the solar system.

Solar system exploration, comparative planetology, science education and public outreach

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$2,646,817$1,894,624▼ $752,193
Pledges and Grants Receivable$1,610,683$1,626,467▲ $15,784
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$1,081,291$1,373,050▲ $291,759
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$285,072$325,550▲ $40,478
Loans From Officers Directors$64,000$0▼ $64,000
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$20,834$55,404▲ $34,570
Total Assets$5,644,697$5,275,095▼ $369,602
Liabilities
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$2,084,586$1,785,899▼ $298,687
Mortgage Notes Payable Secured by Investment Property$2,692,086$832,979▼ $1,859,107
Deferred Revenue$43,815$11,178▼ $32,637
Total Liabilities$4,884,487$2,630,056▼ $2,254,431
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$651,282$2,535,111▲ $1,883,829
Net Assets With Donor Restrictions$108,928$109,928▲ $1,000
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$760,210$2,645,039▲ $1,884,829
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$5,644,697$5,275,095▼ $369,602

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Buildings$1,259,279$1,039,656$2,298,935
Equipment$113,771$1,064,786$1,178,557
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay72nd percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
Mark V SykesCEO / TrusteeFT$194,730$55,059$249,789
Bruce D BarnettCFO / TreasurerFT$175,614$57,995$233,609
Amanda R HendrixSenior ScientistFT$173,680$48,665$222,345
Catherine M WeitzSenior ScientistFT$165,422$36,506$201,928
Maurizio A Ienna-BalistreriCOO / SecretaryFT$142,792$58,467$201,259
Thomas H PrettymanSenior ScientistFT$150,800$37,572$188,372
Candice J Hansen-KoharcheckSenior ScientistFT$159,444$24,671$184,115
Melinda DyarSenior ScientistPT$162,970$9,797$172,767

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Scott FouseTrustee/Board Chair
Madelyn CreedonTrustee/Vice Chair
Tim HunterTrustee
William CraigTrustee
William HartmannTrustee
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$1,913,079
Program Service Revenue
$15,371,970
Investment Income
$10,402
Other Revenue
$7,954
All Other Contributions
$131,479
Change in Net Assets
$1,849,398

Audited Revenue Reconciliation

Revenue per Audited Statements
$17,303,405
Revenue Not Reported on Financial Statements
$0
Revenue Not Reported on Form 990
$35,431
Total Revenue per Audited Statements
$17,338,836
Total Revenue per Form 990
$17,303,405
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$11,386,221
Other Expenses$4,067,786
Total Fundraising Expense$49,834
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$7,805,037$445,854$24,911$8,275,802
Pension Plan Contributions$934,560$97,071$3,488$1,035,119
Other Employee Benefits$724,373$91,525$3,084$818,982
Payroll Taxes$594,637$72,477$2,043$669,157
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$203,896$383,265-$587,161
Occupancy$242,859$41,841-$284,700
Depreciation Depletion$168,685$37,644-$206,329
All Other Expenses$37,351$116,081$15,307$168,739
Office Expenses$73,333$7,339$242$80,914
Information Technology$64,570$11,318-$75,888
Fees for Services Other$7,531$51,972$680$60,183
Travel$57,310$39-$57,349
Fees for Services Accounting-$52,250-$52,250
Interest$24,550$20,094-$44,644
Insurance-$32,740-$32,740
Other Expenses$18,103$30,136$79$18,103
Fees for Services Legal-$12,640-$12,640
Conferences and Meetings$4,298$1,187-$5,485
Total Functional Expenses$13,895,763$1,508,410$49,834$15,454,007

Audited Expense Reconciliation

Line ItemAmount
Expenses per Audited Statements$15,454,007
Total Expenses per Audited Statements$15,454,007
Total Expenses per Form 990$15,454,007
Expenses Not Reported on Financial Statements$0
Expenses Not Reported on Form 990$0
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Insider Transactions and Loans

Loans and Receivables

Line ItemBeginningEndChange
Loans from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$64,000$0▼ $64,000
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 8B

“Planetary Science Institute does not have committees that have authority to act on behalf of the governing body.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11B

“The COO coordinates the preparation of the tax return with the Institute's independent auditing firm, which is selected by Board resolution. The COO and CFO review the tax return line by line and discuss all elements of the return with the CEO. After final review and discussion, the CFO signs the tax return. Other members of the Board are provided a copy of the return prior to the return being filed.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12C

“Employees and Trustees are required to sign the COI policy upon onboarding. PSI's procurement policy requires purchases in excess of certain thresholds to have multiple quotes, mitigating the risk of paying excessive amounts to potentially conflicted parties. Direct cost purchases are scrutinized for compliance by PIs and Finance staff. Indirect cost purchases are scrutinized by Finance staff, including COO, CFO, and CEO. Board of Trustees reviews quarterly financial reports.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15

“Compensation for the CEO and CFO are reviewed, discussed, and approved by the Board of Directors.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19

“The organization's financial statements, governing documents, etc. are made available to the public upon request.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Planetary Science Institute
EIN
33-0175263
Phone
5206226300
Address
1700 E Ft Lowell Rd No 106, Tucson, AZ 85719

Signing Officer

Name
Maurizio Balistreri
Title
Chief Financial Officer
Phone
5206226300
Signed
2022-08-12
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Mark Sykes
Formed
1986
Legal Domicile
Az
Voting Board Members
5
Independent Board Members
5
Employees
164
Volunteers
8

Preparer

Firm
Keegan Linscott & Associates PC
Address
3443 N Campbell Avenue Suite 115, Tucson, AZ 85719
Preparer
Carla J Keegan
Phone
5208840176
Supplemental Narrative

Financial Statement Notes

Part X, Line 2:

“The Institute is exempt from federal income taxes under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Institute is also exempt from state income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for federal or state income taxes is recorded in the accompanying financial statements. Management is not aware of any matters which would cause the Institute to lose its tax-exempt status. However, income from certain activities not directly related to the Institute's tax-exempt purpose, may be subject to taxation as unrelated business income. Management has considered its tax positions and believes that all of the positions taken in its federal and state exempt organization tax returns are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. The Institute's returns are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities, generally for three years and four years, respectively, after they are filed. The Institute recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in operating and general expenses in the accompanying financial statements. During the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Institute did not recognize any interest and penalties.”

Raw XML AppendixShowing 400 of 692 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

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IRS990/Desc0The Planetary Science Institute (PSI) is a nonprofit science research and educational organization with an established record of excellence in solar system exploration, comparative planetology, science education and public outreach. PSI has scientists in 30 states, the District of Columbia, and other locations around the world. In the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021, PSI scientists operated instruments on NASA's Mars Science Laboratory and JUNO missions and provided science team support for these and NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, New Horizons mission and the OSIRIS-REx mission, ESA's Mars Express, and Japan's Akatsuki mission at Venus.The PSI observatory continues to be used in the study of Jupiter's Io torus and the observation of comets and other small bodies. PSI scientists identified buried water ice resources at midlatitudes on Mars that may be important for future human exploration, they found evidence that volcanoes on Mars could be active, they studied a massive rock and ice avalanche in the Indian Himalayas with implications for development under climate change, they determined that small impacts churn the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa, they came up with a definition of life involving blockchain with implications for cybernetic systems, they identified carbon dioxide cold traps on the Moon as a potential resource for humans, and discovered the first planet orbiting a double star.PSI scientists were awarded research grants and contracts to conduct diverse research and laboratory studies covering the Moon, Mars, asteroids, comets, meteorites, outer planet satellites, solar system dynamics, solar system origins, planets around other stars, and other areas.PSI is responsible, as part of NASA's Planetary Data System, for archiving all mission data involving asteroids, comets and interplanetary dust and making it available to the general science community and public. PSI scientists engaged in public outreach through art, writing children's books, popular science books, and public lectures and broadcast events such as Discovery Channel and BBC specials.
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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt4Trustee
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt5Trustee
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt6CFO / Treasurer
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt7COO / Secretary
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt8Senior Scientist
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt9Senior Scientist
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt10Senior Scientist
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt11Senior Scientist
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt12Senior Scientist
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IRS990/MissionDesc0The Planetary Science Institute studies the origin, characteristics, and evolution of planetary systems, including our solar system, Earth itself, and planetary systems around other stars. We convey the resulting knowledge to the scientific community, and to the public at large to promote science education and science literacy. We further use this knowledge to advance human activity in space and shape the future of robotic exploration of the solar system.
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IRS990/PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp/EOYAmt055404
IRS990/PrincipalOfficerNm0Mark Sykes
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IRS990/RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd01
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IRS990/RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd00
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IRS990/ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd01
IRS990/ReportOtherAssetsInd00
IRS990/ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd00
IRS990/ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd00
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IRS990/SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp/EOYAmt0325550
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IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0The Institute is exempt from federal income taxes under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Institute is also exempt from state income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for federal or state income taxes is recorded in the accompanying financial statements. Management is not aware of any matters which would cause the Institute to lose its tax-exempt status. However, income from certain activities not directly related to the Institute's tax-exempt purpose, may be subject to taxation as unrelated business income. Management has considered its tax positions and believes that all of the positions taken in its federal and state exempt organization tax returns are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. The Institute's returns are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities, generally for three years and four years, respectively, after they are filed. The Institute recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in operating and general expenses in the accompanying financial statements. During the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Institute did not recognize any interest and penalties.
IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Part X, Line 2:
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IRS990ScheduleJ/CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd00
IRS990ScheduleJ/CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd00
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IRS990ScheduleJ/EquityBasedCompArrngmInd00
IRS990ScheduleJ/InitialContractExceptionInd00
IRS990/ScheduleJRequiredInd01

Document Assets

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Filings

Displayed year

2021 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$5,275,095
Liabilities
$2,630,056
Net assets
$2,645,039
Revenue
$17,303,405
Expenses
$15,454,007
Net income
$1,849,398
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$5.66$2.23$3.43$17.9$17.8$0.08
2022Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$5.89$2.94$2.95$18.5$18.2$0.37
2021Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$5.28$2.63$2.65$17.3$15.5$1.85
2020XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$5.64$4.88$0.76$15.0$15.1$0.08
2019XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$3.62$2.77$0.85$15.2$15.0$0.17
2018XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$3.36$2.68$0.68$13.1$12.9$0.18
2016XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$2.92$2.50$0.41$11.7$11.7$0.02
2015Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$2.91$2.48$0.43$10.7$10.6$0.11
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$2.79$2.47$0.32$9.82$9.80$0.02