Liabilities / Assets
75th percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 75% of similar nonprofits.
Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.
Liabilities / Assets
75th percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 75% of similar nonprofits.
Liabilities / Revenue
73rd percentile
Higher debt load relative to revenue than 73% of similar nonprofits.
Net Margin
94th percentile
Higher net margin than 94% of similar nonprofits.
Top Officer Pay
96th percentile
Higher top officer pay than 96% of similar nonprofits.
Top officer pay equals 8.2% of source-year revenue.
Asset Growth
99th percentile
Faster asset growth than 99% of similar nonprofits.
Revenue Growth
99th percentile
Faster revenue growth than 99% of similar nonprofits.
Assets
Up$4,716,204
Up $4,392,606 (+1357%) from 2021
Net Assets
Up$3,363,150
Up $3,040,852 (+943%) from 2021
Liabilities
Up$1,353,054
Up $1,351,754 (+103981%) from 2021
Revenue
Up$4,466,022
Up $3,990,372 (+839%) from 2021
Expenses
Up$1,425,170
Up $1,271,818 (+829%) from 2021
Net Income
Up$3,040,852
Up $2,718,554 (+843%) from 2021
Our mission is to align future human machine learning systems with human interests.
Our current work focuses on assessing the capabilities of cutting-edge systems and developing an alignment strategy that could be adopted in the industry today while scaling gracefully to future ML systems.
| Line | Beginning | End | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | |||
| Savings and Temporary Cash Investments | - | $3,001,020 | - |
| Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts | $323,598 | $1,705,996 | ▲ $1,382,398 |
| Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges | - | $9,188 | - |
| Accounts Receivable | - | $0 | - |
| Other Notes and Loans Receivable, Net | - | $0 | - |
| Pledges and Grants Receivable | - | $0 | - |
| Receivable From Disqualified Prsn | - | $0 | - |
| Receivables From Officers Etc | - | $0 | - |
| Investments Other Securities | - | $0 | - |
| Investments Program Related | - | $0 | - |
| Investments in Publicly Traded Securities | - | $0 | - |
| Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net | - | $0 | - |
| Intangible Assets | - | $0 | - |
| Inventories for Sale or Use | - | $0 | - |
| Total Assets | $323,598 | $4,716,204 | ▲ $4,392,606 |
| Other Assets Total | - | $0 | - |
| Liabilities | |||
| Other Liabilities | - | $1,250,000 | - |
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | $1,300 | $103,054 | ▲ $101,754 |
| Total Liabilities | $1,300 | $1,353,054 | ▲ $1,351,754 |
| Net Assets / Fund Balance | |||
| Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions | $322,298 | $3,345,693 | ▲ $3,023,395 |
| Net Assets With Donor Restrictions | - | $17,457 | - |
| Total Net Assets Fund Balance | $322,298 | $3,363,150 | ▲ $3,040,852 |
| Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance | $323,598 | $4,716,204 | ▲ $4,392,606 |
| Name | Title | Full / Part Time | Base | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark Xu | Researcher | FT | $215,792 | $150,000 | $365,792 |
| Name | Title |
|---|---|
| Paul Christiano | President |
| Daniel Dewey | Director |
| Holden Karnofsky Sec | Treasurer |
| Line Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits | $715,739 |
| Other Expenses | $447,431 |
| Grants and Similar Amounts Paid | $262,000 |
| Total Fundraising Expense | $496 |
| Professional Fundraising Fees | $0 |
| Line Item | Program | Management | Fundraising | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other Salaries and Wages | $630,986 | $39,910 | $496 | $671,392 |
| Fees for Services Other | $286,244 | - | - | $286,244 |
| Grants to Domestic Individuals | $183,000 | - | - | $183,000 |
| Foreign Grants | $74,000 | - | - | $74,000 |
| Travel | $56,017 | - | - | $56,017 |
| Payroll Taxes | $36,310 | $3,657 | - | $39,967 |
| Fees for Services Legal | $20,179 | $10,599 | - | $30,778 |
| Office Expenses | $26,409 | $641 | - | $27,050 |
| Information Technology | $15,838 | $5,871 | - | $21,709 |
| Other Expenses | $12,095 | $1,975 | - | $14,070 |
| Occupancy | $9,143 | $320 | - | $9,463 |
| Grants to Domestic Orgs | $5,000 | - | - | $5,000 |
| Other Employee Benefits | $3,191 | $1,189 | - | $4,380 |
| Fees for Services Accounting | - | $2,100 | - | $2,100 |
| Total Functional Expenses | $1,358,412 | $66,262 | $496 | $1,425,170 |
| Line Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Total Expenses per Audited Statements | $1,966,718 |
| Expenses per Audited Statements | $1,425,170 |
| Total Expenses per Form 990 | $1,425,170 |
| Expenses Not Reported on Form 990 | $541,548 |
| Region | Activity | Services | Offices | Employees | Spending |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | grants to recipients | - | 0 | 0 | $48,000 |
| Europe/Iceland/Greenland | program services | technical contractor work | 0 | 5 | $39,526 |
| Russia | grants to recipients | - | 0 | 0 | $23,000 |
| South Asia | grants to recipients | - | 0 | 0 | $2,000 |
| North America | grants to recipients | - | 0 | 0 | $1,000 |
| Line Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Professional Fundraising Fees | $0 |
| Line Item | Beginning | End | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Receivables from Disqualified Persons | - | $0 | - |
| Receivables from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees | - | $0 | - |
| Liability | Amount |
|---|---|
| Donation refunds | $1,250,000 |
“Paul Christiano, President, and Holden Karnofsky, Secretary and Treasurer, served together as directors of Redwood Research, a nonprofit organization exempt under IRC Section 501(c)(3).”
“It will be reviewed by the board members”
“We review COI disclosures at the annual board meeting.”
“Governing documents, the conflict of interest policy, and financial statements shall be made available to the public upon request.”
“Evaluations program: The evaluations program aims to assess whether cutting-edge AI systems could pose catastrophic risks to civilization. We partner with leading AI labs to perform preliminary evaluations of their models, and in the future might offer certifications to companies that demonstrate commitment to ensuring their AI systems are safe before building or deploying them, in line with voluntary safety standards we propose.”
This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.
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| IRS990/Desc | 0 | Theoretical Research - Released the paper "Formalizing the Presumption of Independence", which introduced the concept of a heuristic estimator, a potentially useful tool in the Eliciting Latent Knowledge problem. Published four posts further outlining work in heuristic estimation as an approach in alignment. See more at https://www.alignment.org/blog/. Hired three summer interns. |
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| IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp/Desc | 0 | Eliciting Latent Knowledge Contest & Retreat - Announced an international award for submissions which made novel progress on the Eliciting Latent Knowledge problem, as outlined in our research report of the same name. Hosted a 1 week research and networking retreat for winners of the prize. |
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| IRS990ScheduleA/TaxRevLeviedOrgnztnlBnft170Grp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearAmt | 0 | 4466000 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt | 0 | 475650 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/TotalAmt | 0 | 4941650 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportAmt | 0 | 4941672 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorBusinessName/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorNum | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine2 | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/City | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/State | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/TotalContributionsAmt | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990/ScheduleBRequiredInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990ScheduleD/DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt | 0 | 541548 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt | 0 | 541548 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/ExpensesNotReportedAmt | 0 | 541548 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/ExpensesSubtotalAmt | 0 | 1425170 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Amt | 0 | 1250000 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Desc | 0 | Donation refunds |
| IRS990ScheduleD/RevenueNotReportedAmt | 0 | 541548 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/RevenueSubtotalAmt | 0 | 4466022 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt | 0 | 1425170 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/TotalLiabilityAmt | 0 | 1250000 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt | 0 | 4466022 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt | 0 | 5007570 |
| IRS990ScheduleD/TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt | 0 | 1966718 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/EmployeeCnt | 0 | 5 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/EmployeeCnt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/EmployeeCnt | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/EmployeeCnt | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/EmployeeCnt | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/OfficesCnt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/OfficesCnt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/OfficesCnt | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/OfficesCnt | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/OfficesCnt | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTotalExpendituresAmt | 0 | 39526 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTotalExpendituresAmt | 1 | 48000 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTotalExpendituresAmt | 2 | 1000 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTotalExpendituresAmt | 3 | 23000 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTotalExpendituresAmt | 4 | 2000 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTxt | 0 | Europe/Iceland/Greenland |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTxt | 1 | Europe |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTxt | 2 | North America |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTxt | 3 | Russia |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/RegionTxt | 4 | South Asia |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/SpecificServicesProvidedTxt | 0 | technical contractor work |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt | 0 | program services |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt | 1 | grants to recipients |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt | 2 | grants to recipients |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt | 3 | grants to recipients |
| IRS990ScheduleF/AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp/TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt | 4 | grants to recipients |
| IRS990ScheduleF/BoycottCountriesInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignCorpOwnershipInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/CashGrantAmt | 0 | 48000 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/CashGrantAmt | 1 | 1000 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/CashGrantAmt | 2 | 23000 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/CashGrantAmt | 3 | 2000 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt | 0 | wire/EFT |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt | 1 | wire/EFT |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt | 2 | wire/EFT |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt | 3 | wire/EFT |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/RecipientCnt | 0 | 9 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/RecipientCnt | 1 | 1 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/RecipientCnt | 2 | 3 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/RecipientCnt | 3 | 2 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/RegionTxt | 0 | Europe |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/RegionTxt | 1 | North America |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/RegionTxt | 2 | Russia |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/RegionTxt | 3 | South Asia |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/TypeOfAssistanceTxt | 0 | research award |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/TypeOfAssistanceTxt | 1 | research award |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/TypeOfAssistanceTxt | 2 | research award |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp/TypeOfAssistanceTxt | 3 | research award |
| IRS990ScheduleF/ForeignPartnershipInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleF/GrantRecordsMaintainedInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990ScheduleF/InterestInForeignTrustInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleF/PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleF/SubtotalEmployeesCnt | 0 | 5 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/SubtotalSpentAmt | 0 | 113526 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 0 | In addition to measures described in Part I.2. of Schedule I, ARC collects background information on the recipient such as address, email, and phone number and conducts a search of the recipients name at https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/ to ensure the recipient does not appear on OFAC's SDN List. |
| IRS990ScheduleF/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 0 | Part I, Line 2 - Grantmakers Explanation For Monitoring Use of Funds Outside US |
| IRS990ScheduleF/TotalEmployeeCnt | 0 | 5 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/TotalSpentAmt | 0 | 113526 |
| IRS990ScheduleF/TransferToForeignCorpInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleI/GrantRecordsMaintainedInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990ScheduleI/GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp/CashGrantAmt | 0 | 183000 |
| IRS990ScheduleI/GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp/GrantTypeTxt | 0 | Research prizes |
| IRS990ScheduleI/GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp/RecipientCnt | 0 | 35 |
| IRS990ScheduleI/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 0 | Grantees are selected by the board or a delegated committee. Detailed grant records are maintained, including the authorization, deliberation, payments, and any applicable agreements and reports. When appropriate, ARC requires potential grantees to enter into grant agreements, submit grant proposals, and share periodic updates to ensure the grantees are obliged to use the funds for the authorized purposes. In 2022, all payments falling under Schedule I and F were prizes awarded for research submitted as part of a research contest, and thereby did not necessitate grant agreements, proposals, or updates on the use of funds. |
| IRS990ScheduleI/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 0 | Grantmaker's Description of How Grants are Used |
| IRS990ScheduleI/Total501c3OrgCnt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleI/TotalOtherOrgCnt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/EquityBasedCompArrngmInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/InitialContractExceptionInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/RebuttablePresumptionProcInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990/ScheduleJRequiredInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt | 0 | 215792 |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/BonusFilingOrganizationAmount | 0 | 150000 |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/PersonNm | 0 | Mark Xu |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 0 | Researcher |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt | 0 | 365792 |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/SeverancePaymentInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 0 | Mark Xu was paid a signing bonus of $150,000. |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 1 | Mark Xu was paid a signing bonus of $150,000. |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 0 | Part I, Line 7: Non-Fixed payments not listed above |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 1 | Part I, Line 8: Amounts reported on 990 VII pursuant to initial contract exemption described in Regs |
| IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ScheduleORequiredInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 0 | Evaluations program: The evaluations program aims to assess whether cutting-edge AI systems could pose catastrophic risks to civilization. We partner with leading AI labs to perform preliminary evaluations of their models, and in the future might offer certifications to companies that demonstrate commitment to ensuring their AI systems are safe before building or deploying them, in line with voluntary safety standards we propose. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 1 | Paul Christiano, President, and Holden Karnofsky, Secretary and Treasurer, served together as directors of Redwood Research, a nonprofit organization exempt under IRC Section 501(c)(3). |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 2 | It will be reviewed by the board members |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 3 | We review COI disclosures at the annual board meeting. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 4 | Governing documents, the conflict of interest policy, and financial statements shall be made available to the public upon request. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 0 | Form 990, Part III, Line 2 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 1 | Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 2 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 2 | Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11b |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 3 | Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12c |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 4 | Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19 |
| IRS990ScheduleR/AssetExchangeInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleR/AssetPurchaseFromOtherOrgInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleR/AssetSaleToOtherOrgInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleR/DivRelatedOrganizationInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleR/GiftGrntCapContriFromOthOrgInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleR/GiftGrntOrCapContriToOthOrgInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/ControlledOrganizationInd | 0 | false |
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Displayed year
2022 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.