Civic Intelligence

Ideaspace Project Inc

990 • Fiscal year 2020 • EIN 85-2467209

Jan 01, 2020 to Dec 31, 2020 • Filed on Apr 09, 2021

4 Pepper Ridge RdPepper Pike, OH 44124

(216) 470-2443

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.

Liabilities / Assets

56th percentile

0.00x

Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.

2020 filings • 501(c)4 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2020

Liabilities / Revenue

55th percentile

0.00x

Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.

2020 filings • 501(c)4 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2020

Net Margin

97th percentile

81%

Higher net margin than 97% of similar nonprofits.

2020 filings • 501(c)4 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2020

Top Officer Pay

86th percentile

$0

Higher top officer pay than 86% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 0.0% of source-year revenue.

2020 filings • 501(c)4 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2020

Asset Growth

Score unavailable

No value available

No earlier valid filing was available within the previous three public years.

Source year 2020

Revenue Growth

Score unavailable

No value available

No earlier valid filing was available within the previous three public years.

Source year 2020

Assets

$252,402

No earlier filing loaded for comparison.

Net Assets

$252,402

No earlier filing loaded for comparison.

Liabilities

$0

No earlier filing loaded for comparison.

Revenue

$312,001

No earlier filing loaded for comparison.

Expenses

$59,599

No earlier filing loaded for comparison.

Net Income

$252,402

No earlier filing loaded for comparison.

Historical Trend

Balance Sheet Trend

The highlighted filing sits inside the broader history for assets, liabilities, and net assets.

$300K$200K$100K$0Assets 2020: $252,402Liabilities 2020: $0Net Assets 2020: $252,4022020Assets 2021: $261,413Liabilities 2021: $0Net Assets 2021: $261,4132021Assets 2022: $41,104Liabilities 2022: $0Net Assets 2022: $41,1042022Assets 2023: $23,536Liabilities 2023: $0Net Assets 2023: $23,5362023Assets 2024: $9,345Liabilities 2024: $0Net Assets 2024: $9,3452024

Highlighted filing

2020

Assets$252,402
Liabilities$0
Net Assets$252,402

Operations Trend

Revenue, expenses, and net income across loaded years, with this filing highlighted.

$400K$200K$0-$200K-$400KRevenue 2020: $312,001Expenses 2020: $59,599Net Income 2020: $252,4022020Revenue 2021: $250,048Expenses 2021: $241,037Net Income 2021: $9,0112021Revenue 2022: $26Expenses 2022: $220,335Net Income 2022: -$220,3092022Revenue 2023: $124,999Expenses 2023: $142,567Net Income 2023: -$17,5682023Revenue 2024: $43,520Expenses 2024: $57,711Net Income 2024: -$14,1912024

Highlighted filing

2020

Revenue$312,001
Expenses$59,599
Net Income$252,402
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2020 to Dec 31, 2020
Signed
Apr 9, 2021
Return Version
2020v4.1
Gross Receipts
$312,001
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Consultation and research services for strategic planning and decision making for public and private entities

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments-$210,469-
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts-$41,933-
Total Assets$0$252,402▲ $252,402
Liabilities
Total Liabilities$0$0→ $0
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$0$252,402▲ $252,402
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$0$252,402▲ $252,402
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$0$252,402▲ $252,402
Compensation and Service Providers

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Frederick TaftPresident
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$312,000
Program Service Revenue
$0
Investment Income
$1
Other Revenue
$0
All Other Contributions
$312,000
Change in Net Assets
$252,402
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$47,942
Other Expenses$11,657
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Total Fundraising Expense$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Comp Disqual Persons$47,942$0$0$47,942
Information Technology$5,840$0$0$5,840
Fees for Services Legal$0$3,539$0$3,539
Fees for Services Accounting$0$870$0$870
Advertising$0$780$0$780
Office Expenses$0$628$0$628
Total Functional Expenses$53,782$5,817$0$59,599
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
No
Other officer compensation reviewed
No
Conflict-of-interest policy
No
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No
Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Ideaspace Project Inc
EIN
85-2467209
Phone
2164702443
Address
4 PEPPER RIDGE RD, PEPPER PIKE, OH 44124

Signing Officer

Name
Frederick Taft
Title
President
Phone
2164702443
Signed
2021-04-09
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Frederick Taft
Formed
2020
Legal Domicile
Oh
Voting Board Members
1
Independent Board Members
1
Employees
0
Volunteers
0

Preparer

Firm
TaxDecisions
Address
2 Kinglet Lagoon RD, Hilton Head Island, SC 29926
Preparer
Claudette G Blondin
Phone
2165703675
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Pt III, Line 2

Initial year of consultation and research services

Pt VI, Line 6

One active member

Pt VI, Line 7A

One active member

Pt VI, Line 11B

Officer review and accounting firm review

Pt VI, Line 19

Available upon request

Form 990, Part III, Line 4D

Consultation and research 53782. 0. 312000.

Raw XML Appendix265 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

Path#Value
IRS990/AccountantCompileOrReviewInd0false
IRS990/ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd0false
IRS990/ActivityOrMissionDesc0Consultation and research services for strategic planning and decision making for public and private entities
IRS990/AdvertisingGrp/FundraisingAmt00
IRS990/AdvertisingGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt0780
IRS990/AdvertisingGrp/ProgramServicesAmt00
IRS990/AdvertisingGrp/TotalAmt0780
IRS990/AllOtherContributionsAmt0312000
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/PersonNm0Frederick Taft
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/PhoneNum02164702443
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt04 Pepper Ridge
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/CityNm0Pepper Pike
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0OH
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/ZIPCd044124
IRS990/BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd0false
IRS990/BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd0false
IRS990/BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd0false
IRS990/CashNonInterestBearingGrp/EOYAmt041933
IRS990/ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd0false
IRS990/CollectionsOfArtInd0false
IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/FundraisingAmt00
IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt00
IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt00
IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/TotalAmt00
IRS990/CompDisqualPersonsGrp/FundraisingAmt00
IRS990/CompDisqualPersonsGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt00
IRS990/CompDisqualPersonsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt047942
IRS990/CompDisqualPersonsGrp/TotalAmt047942
IRS990/CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd0false
IRS990/CompensationProcessCEOInd0false
IRS990/CompensationProcessOtherInd0false
IRS990/ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd0false
IRS990/ConservationEasementsInd0false
IRS990/ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd0false
IRS990/CreditCounselingInd0false
IRS990/CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt00
IRS990/CYContributionsGrantsAmt0312000
IRS990/CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt00
IRS990/CYInvestmentIncomeAmt01
IRS990/CYOtherExpensesAmt011657
IRS990/CYOtherRevenueAmt00
IRS990/CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt00
IRS990/CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt0252402
IRS990/CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt047942
IRS990/CYTotalExpensesAmt059599
IRS990/CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt00
IRS990/CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt00
IRS990/CYTotalRevenueAmt0312001
IRS990/DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd0false
IRS990/DeductibleArtContributionInd0false
IRS990/DeductibleNonCashContriInd0false
IRS990/DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd0false
IRS990/Desc0Consultation and research for the general public and public entities
IRS990/DescribedInSection501c3Ind0false
IRS990/DisregardedEntityInd0false
IRS990/DocumentRetentionPolicyInd0false
IRS990/DonorAdvisedFundInd0false
IRS990/DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd0false
IRS990/ElectionOfBoardMembersInd0true
IRS990/EmployeeCnt00
IRS990/EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd0false
IRS990/ExpenseAmt053782
IRS990/FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd0false
IRS990/FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd0false
IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/FundraisingAmt00
IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt0870
IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/ProgramServicesAmt00
IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/TotalAmt0870
IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/FundraisingAmt00
IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt03539
IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/ProgramServicesAmt00
IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/TotalAmt03539
IRS990/ForeignActivitiesInd0false
IRS990/ForeignFinancialAccountInd0false
IRS990/ForeignOfficeInd0false
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt020.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd0X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm0FREDERICK TAFT
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt0PRESIDENT
IRS990/Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd0true
IRS990/FormationYr02020
IRS990/FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd0false
IRS990/FSAuditedInd0false
IRS990/FundraisingActivitiesInd0false
IRS990/GamingActivitiesInd0false
IRS990/GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt01
IRS990/GrantAmt00
IRS990/GrantsToIndividualsInd0false
IRS990/GrantsToOrganizationsInd0false
IRS990/GrantToRelatedPersonInd0false
IRS990/GrossReceiptsAmt0312001
IRS990/GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd0false
IRS990/IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd0false
IRS990/IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd0false
IRS990/IndependentVotingMemberCnt01
IRS990/IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt00
IRS990/IndoorTanningServicesInd0false
IRS990/InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd0X
IRS990/InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd0X
IRS990/InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd0X
IRS990/InformationTechnologyGrp/FundraisingAmt00
IRS990/InformationTechnologyGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt00
IRS990/InformationTechnologyGrp/ProgramServicesAmt05840
IRS990/InformationTechnologyGrp/TotalAmt05840
IRS990/InitialReturnInd0X
IRS990/InvestmentIncomeGrp/ExclusionAmt00
IRS990/InvestmentIncomeGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt01
IRS990/InvestmentIncomeGrp/UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt00
IRS990/InvestmentInJointVentureInd0false
IRS990/IRPDocumentCnt00
IRS990/IRPDocumentW2GCnt00
IRS990/LegalDomicileStateCd0OH
IRS990/LoanOutstandingInd0false
IRS990/LocalChaptersInd0false
IRS990/MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd0false
IRS990/MembersOrStockholdersInd0true
IRS990/MethodOfAccountingCashInd0X
IRS990/MinutesOfCommitteesInd0true
IRS990/MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd0true
IRS990/MissionDesc0Consultation and research services for strategic planning and decision making for the general public and public entities
IRS990/MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd0false
IRS990/MoreThan5000KToOrgInd0false
IRS990/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt0252402
IRS990/NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt00
IRS990/NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp/BOYAmt00
IRS990/NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp/EOYAmt0252402
IRS990/NoListedPersonsCompensatedInd0X
IRS990/NondeductibleContributionsInd0true
IRS990/NondeductibleContriDisclInd0true
IRS990/OfficeExpensesGrp/FundraisingAmt00
IRS990/OfficeExpensesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt0628
IRS990/OfficeExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt00
IRS990/OfficeExpensesGrp/TotalAmt0628
IRS990/OfficerMailingAddressInd0false
IRS990/OperateHospitalInd0false
IRS990/Organization501cInd0X
IRS990/OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind0X
IRS990/PartialLiquidationInd0false
IRS990/PoliticalCampaignActyInd0false
IRS990/PrincipalOfficerNm0FREDERICK TAFT
IRS990/ProfessionalFundraisingInd0false
IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp/Desc0CONSULTATION AND RESEARCH
IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp/ExpenseAmt053782
IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp/GrantAmt00
IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp/RevenueAmt0312000
IRS990/ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd0false
IRS990/PYExcessBenefitTransInd0false
IRS990/ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt0252402
IRS990/RelatedEntityInd0false
IRS990/RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd0false
IRS990/ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd0false
IRS990/ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd0false
IRS990/ReportOtherAssetsInd0false
IRS990/ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd0false
IRS990/ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd0false
IRS990/RevenueAmt0312000
IRS990/SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp/EOYAmt0210469
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorBusinessName/BusinessNameLine10RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorNum0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine10RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine20RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/City0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/State0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/ZIPCode0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/TotalContributionsAmt0RESTRICTED
IRS990/ScheduleBRequiredInd0true
IRS990/ScheduleJRequiredInd0false
IRS990/ScheduleORequiredInd0true
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0Initial year of consultation and research services
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt1One active member
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt2One active member
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt3Officer review and accounting firm review
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt4Available upon request
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt5CONSULTATION AND RESEARCH 53782. 0. 312000.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Pt III, Line 2
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc1Pt VI, Line 6
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc2Pt VI, Line 7a
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc3Pt VI, Line 11b
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc4Pt VI, Line 19
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc5Form 990, Part III, Line 4d
IRS990/SchoolOperatingInd0false
IRS990/SignificantChangeInd0false
IRS990/SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd0true
IRS990/SubjectToProxyTaxInd0false
IRS990/TaxablePartyNotificationInd0false
IRS990/TaxExemptBondsInd0false
IRS990/TerminateOperationsInd0false
IRS990/TotalAssetsEOYAmt0252402
IRS990/TotalAssetsGrp/BOYAmt00
IRS990/TotalAssetsGrp/EOYAmt0252402
IRS990/TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd0false
IRS990/TotalContributionsAmt0312000
IRS990/TotalEmployeeCnt00
IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp/FundraisingAmt00
IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt05817
IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt053782
IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp/TotalAmt059599
IRS990/TotalGrossUBIAmt00
IRS990/TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt00
IRS990/TotalLiabilitiesGrp/BOYAmt00
IRS990/TotalLiabilitiesGrp/EOYAmt00
IRS990/TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp/BOYAmt00
IRS990/TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp/EOYAmt0252402
IRS990/TotalOtherCompensationAmt00
IRS990/TotalOtherProgSrvcExpenseAmt053782
IRS990/TotalOtherProgSrvcGrantAmt00
IRS990/TotalOtherProgSrvcRevenueAmt0312000
IRS990/TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt053782
IRS990/TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt00
IRS990/TotalRevenueGrp/ExclusionAmt00
IRS990/TotalRevenueGrp/RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt01
IRS990/TotalRevenueGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt0312001
IRS990/TotalRevenueGrp/UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt00
IRS990/TotalVolunteersCnt00
IRS990/TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp/BOYAmt00
IRS990/TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp/EOYAmt0252402
IRS990/TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt00
IRS990/TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd0X
IRS990/UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd0false
IRS990/UponRequestInd0X
IRS990/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt04 PEPPER RIDGE
IRS990/USAddress/CityNm0PEPPER PIKE
IRS990/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0OH
IRS990/USAddress/ZIPCd044124
IRS990/VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt01
IRS990/VotingMembersIndependentCnt01
IRS990/WebsiteAddressTxt0IDEASPACE PROJECST
IRS990/WhistleblowerPolicyInd0false
ReturnHeader/AdditionalFilerInformation/TrustedCustomerGrp/AuthenticationAssuranceLevelCd0AAL1
ReturnHeader/AdditionalFilerInformation/TrustedCustomerGrp/FederatedAssuranceLevelCd0FAL1
ReturnHeader/AdditionalFilerInformation/TrustedCustomerGrp/IdentityAssuranceLevelCd0IAL1
ReturnHeader/AdditionalFilerInformation/TrustedCustomerGrp/TrustedCustomerCd00
ReturnHeader/BuildTS02022-09-23 18:48:47Z
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd0true
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonNm0FREDERICK TAFT
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonTitleTxt0PRESIDENT
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PhoneNum02164702443
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/SignatureDt02021-04-09
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0IDEASPACE PROJECT INC
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessNameControlTxt0IDEA
ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN0852467209
ReturnHeader/Filer/PhoneNum02164702443
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt04 PEPPER RIDGE RD
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/CityNm0PEPPER PIKE
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0OH
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCd044124
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0TaxDecisions
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt02 Kinglet Lagoon RD
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/CityNm0Hilton Head Island
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0SC
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/ZIPCd029926
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PhoneNum02165703675
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparationDt02021-04-27
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparerPersonNm0Claudette G Blondin
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/SelfEmployedInd0X
ReturnHeader/ReturnTs02021-04-27T18:54:02-07:00
ReturnHeader/ReturnTypeCd0990
ReturnHeader/SigningOfficerGrp/PersonFullName/PersonFirstNm0FREDERICK
ReturnHeader/SigningOfficerGrp/PersonFullName/PersonLastNm0TAFT
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDt02020-01-01
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDt02020-12-31
ReturnHeader/TaxYr02020

Document Assets

No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.

Filings