Liabilities / Assets
77th percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 77% of similar nonprofits.
Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.
Liabilities / Assets
77th percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 77% of similar nonprofits.
Liabilities / Revenue
88th percentile
Higher debt load relative to revenue than 88% of similar nonprofits.
Net Margin
74th percentile
Higher net margin than 74% of similar nonprofits.
Top Officer Pay
Score unavailable
This filing does not contain officer compensation rows.
Asset Growth
Score unavailable
No earlier valid filing was available within the previous three public years.
Revenue Growth
Score unavailable
No earlier valid filing was available within the previous three public years.
Assets
$309,089
No earlier filing loaded for comparison.
Net Assets
$238,209
No earlier filing loaded for comparison.
Liabilities
$70,880
No earlier filing loaded for comparison.
Revenue
$143,989
No earlier filing loaded for comparison.
Expenses
$119,595
No earlier filing loaded for comparison.
Net Income
$24,394
No earlier filing loaded for comparison.
Provide instruction to students of japanese culture.
This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.
| Path | # | Value |
|---|---|---|
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 0 | GAKU HOMMA |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 1 | DAVID GERAS |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 2 | EMILY BUSCH |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 3 | MICHAEL MIRABELLA |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 4 | VICTOR BUI |
| IRS990EZ/ActivitiesNotPreviouslyRpt | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestments/EOY | 0 | 6985 |
| IRS990EZ/ContributionsGiftsGrantsEtc | 0 | 112018 |
| IRS990EZ/CostOfGoodsSold | 0 | 879 |
| IRS990EZ/DidOrgFileForm1120POLThisYear | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/DoesOrgHaveHospital | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/EngagedInExcessBenefitTrans | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/EngageInLobbyingActivities | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/EngagePoliticalCmpgnActivities | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/ExcessOrDeficitForYear | 0 | 24394 |
| IRS990EZ/FeesAndOthPymtToIndContractors | 0 | 31585 |
| IRS990EZ/FiledScheduleA | 0 | true |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignFinancialAccount | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignOffice | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/GroProfitLossSalesOfInventory | 0 | 2351 |
| IRS990EZ/GrossReceipts | 0 | 144868 |
| IRS990EZ/GrossSalesOfInventory | 0 | 3230 |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartI | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartII | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIII | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InvestmentIncome | 0 | 21001 |
| IRS990EZ/LandAndBuildings/BOY | 0 | 317595 |
| IRS990EZ/LandAndBuildings/EOY | 0 | 297234 |
| IRS990EZ/MadeChangesToOrgnzngEtcDoc | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/MadeLoansToFromOfficers | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/MaintainAnyDonorAdvisedFunds | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/MethodOfAccountingAccrual | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalances/BOY | 0 | 226279 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY | 0 | 226279 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalances/EOY | 0 | 238209 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY | 0 | 250673 |
| IRS990EZ/OccupancyRentUtilitiesAndMaint | 0 | 31431 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 0 | 1365 OSAGE ST |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 1 | 1365 OSAGE ST |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 2 | 1365 OSAGE ST |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 3 | 1365 OSAGE |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 4 | 1365 OSAGE |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 0 | DENVER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 1 | DENVER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 2 | DENVER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 3 | DENVER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 4 | DENVER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 0 | CO |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 1 | CO |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 2 | CO |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 3 | CO |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 4 | CO |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 0 | 80204 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 1 | 80204 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 2 | 80204 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 3 | 80204 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 4 | 80204 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 0 | 40.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 1 | 3.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 2 | 10.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 3 | 1.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 4 | 2.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 0 | 30610 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 0 | GAKU HOMMA |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 1 | DAVID GERAS |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 2 | EMILY BUSCH |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 3 | MICHAEL MIRABELLA |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 4 | VICTOR BUI |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 0 | LEAD INSTURC |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 1 | TREASURER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 2 | VICE PRESIDE |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 3 | PRESIDENT |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 4 | SECRETARY |
| IRS990EZ/OperatingSchool | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/Organization501c3 | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationDissolvedEtc | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationHadUBI | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/OtherAssetsTotal/BOY | 0 | 4219 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherAssetsTotal/EOY | 0 | 4870 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherExpensesTotal | 0 | 56424 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherRevenueTotal | 0 | 8244 |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIAHghstPaidCntrctProfSer | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIOfCompOfHighestPaidEmpl | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PrimaryExemptPurpose | 0 | PROVIDE INSTRUCTION TO STUDENTS OF JAPANESE CULTURE. |
| IRS990EZ/PrintingPublicationsPostage | 0 | 155 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/DescriptionProgramServiceAccom | 0 | NIPPON KAN IS A UNIQUE AND INSPIRATIONAL ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO CULTURAL EXCHANGE, CULTURAL AWARENESS AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE WORLD-WIDE. NIPPON KAN WAS BUILT ON THE TRADITION OF THE NON-VIOLENT JAPANESE MARTIAL ART OF AIKIDO AND CURRENTLY SERVES THE COMMUNITY BY PROVIDING AUTHENTIC HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ACCESS TO JAPAN THROUGH THE CENTER. NIPPON KAN HAS AN EXPANDING INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN IN OVER THIRTY COUNTRIES. THE ORGANIZATION IS SUPPORTED PRIMARILY THROUGH MEMBERSHIP DUES AND DONATIONS. |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/ProgramServiceExpenses | 0 | 102311 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceRevenue | 0 | 375 |
| IRS990EZ/ProhibitedTaxShelterTrans | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/RelatedOrgControlledEntity | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/ScheduleBNotRequired | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilities/BOY | 0 | 95535 |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilities/EOY | 0 | 70880 |
| IRS990EZ/TanningServicesProvided | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 0 | 1365 OSAGE STREET |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/City | 0 | DENVER |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/State | 0 | CO |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 0 | 802043422 |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/NamePerson | 0 | DAVID GERAS |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/TelephoneNumber | 0 | 3035958256 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalAssets/BOY | 0 | 321814 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalAssets/EOY | 0 | 309089 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalExpenses | 0 | 119595 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalProgramServiceExpenses | 0 | 102311 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalRevenue | 0 | 143989 |
| IRS990EZ/TransactionWithControlEntity | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/TrnsfrsExemptNonCharRelatedOrg | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/WebSite | 0 | WWW.NIPPON-KAN.PRG |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsFromSubstContributors/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 4621 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsFromSubstContributors/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 5547 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsFromSubstContributors/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 119292 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsFromSubstContributors/Total | 0 | 129460 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 112018 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 104148 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 125406 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 126017 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 43570 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/Total | 0 | 511159 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 2 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 5 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/Total | 0 | 10 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 32849 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 24000 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 9621 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 15547 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 124292 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/Total | 0 | 206309 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 2 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 5 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/Total | 0 | 10 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomePercentage | 0 | 0.00000 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PriorYearSupportPercentage | 0 | 0.75340 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PriorYrInvestIncomePercentage | 0 | 0.04000 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PubliclySupportedOrg509a2 | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportPercentage509 | 0 | 0.81950 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportTotal509 | 0 | 588008 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 4621 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 5547 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 119292 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/Total | 0 | 129460 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/ThirtyThreePercntTestsCY509 | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 144867 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 128148 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 135027 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 141564 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 167862 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/Total | 0 | 717468 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 144868 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 128149 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 135029 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 141569 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 167863 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/Total | 0 | 717478 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 0 | MISC INCOME 8,244 TOTAL 8,244 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 1 | EXPENSES ADVERTISING 3,358 OFFICE SUPPLIES 6,108 NIPPON KAN-JAPAN WEB SITE 150 TELEPHONE 3,722 TRAVEL 500 AUTOMOBILE EXPENSE 3,440 MEETING EXPENSE 1,068 INTEREST EXP - MORTGAGE 2,770 INSURANCE 4,565 OTHER EXPENSES 9,228 COMMUNITY OUTREACH 8,125 GRANTS TO OTHERS 4,970 SEMINAR EXPENSE 2,292 PROGRAM MATERIALS 1,681 BOARDERS EXPENSE 651 TAXES AND FEES 3,796 TOTAL 56,424 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 2 | NEEDED TO AGREE WITH PY RETURN 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 3 | INVENTORIES FOR SALE OR USE 1,179 1,124 PREPAID EXPENSES AND DEFERRED CHARGES 1,000 1,000 OFFICE EQUIPMENT 2,040 2,746 TOTAL 4,219 4,870 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 4 | ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES 3,767 16,557 DEFERRED REVENUE 14,050 15,750 MORTGAGE AND OTHER NOTES PAYABLE 77,718 38,573 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 5 | NIPPON KAN IS A UNIQUE AND INSPIRATIONAL ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO CULTURAL EXCHANGE, CULTURAL AWARENESS AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE WORLD-WIDE. NIPPON KAN WAS BUILT ON THE TRADITION OF THE NON-VIOLENT JAPANESE MARTIAL ART OF AIKIDO AND CURRENTLY SERVES THE COMMUNITY BY PROVIDING AUTHENTIC HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ACCESS TO JAPAN THROUGH THE CENTER. NIPPON KAN HAS AN EXPANDING INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN IN OVER THIRTY COUNTRIES. THE ORGANIZATION IS SUPPORTED PRIMARILY THROUGH MEMBERSHIP DUES AND DONATIONS. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 0 | OTHER REVENUE |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 1 | OTHER EXPENSES |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 2 | OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCES |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 3 | OTHER ASSETS |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 4 | OTHER LIABILITIES |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 5 | FIRST ACHIEVEMENT |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 0 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 8 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 1 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 16 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 2 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 20 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 3 | FORM 990-EZ, PART II, LINE 24 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 4 | FORM 990-EZ, PART II, LINE 26 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 5 | FORM 990-EZ, PART III, LINE 28 |
| ReturnHeader/BuildTS | 0 | 2016-03-07 17:11:31Z |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN | 0 | 841097853 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/Name/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | NIPPON KAN |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/NameControl | 0 | NIPP |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | 1365 OSAGE STREET |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/City | 0 | DENVER |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/State | 0 | CO |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | 802043422 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/DateSigned | 0 | 2011-11-14 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Name | 0 | DAVID GERAS |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Title | 0 | TREASURER |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/DatePrepared | 0 | 2011-11-14 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmBusinessName/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | TAYLOR ROTH AND COMPANY |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | 800 GRANT ST STE 310 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/City | 0 | DENVER |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/State | 0 | CO |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | 802032944 |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/Name | 0 | DIANE K GRANGER |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/Phone | 0 | 3038308109 |
| ReturnHeader/ReturnType | 0 | 990EZ |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDate | 0 | 2010-01-01 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDate | 0 | 2010-12-31 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxYear | 0 | 2010 |
| ReturnHeader/Timestamp | 0 | 2011-11-15T10:09:10-06:00 |
No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.
Displayed year
2010 • Form 990EZFacts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.