Liabilities / Assets
53rd percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
990EZ • Fiscal year 2012 • EIN 38-3450148
Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.
Liabilities / Assets
53rd percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
Liabilities / Revenue
57th percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
Net Margin
97th percentile
Higher net margin than 97% of similar nonprofits.
Top Officer Pay
Score unavailable
This filing does not contain officer compensation rows.
Asset Growth
75th percentile
Faster asset growth than 75% of similar nonprofits.
Revenue Growth
90th percentile
Faster revenue growth than 90% of similar nonprofits.
Assets
Up$473,366
Up $88,435 (+23%) from 2011
Net Assets
Up$473,366
Up $88,435 (+23%) from 2011
Liabilities
Flat$0
Flat from 2011
Revenue
Up$109,337
Up $47,221 (+76%) from 2011
Expenses
Up$20,902
Up $6,413 (+44%) from 2011
Net Income
Up$88,435
Up $40,808 (+86%) from 2011
To bring the old rugged cross church back to its 1913 appearance.
This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.
| Path | # | Value |
|---|---|---|
| IRS990EZ/ActivitiesNotPreviouslyRpt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/AmountOfTaxImposedOnOrgMgr | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/AmountOfTaxReimbursedByOrg | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/BenefitsPaidToOrForMembers | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestments/BOY | 0 | 3137 |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestments/EOY | 0 | 36370 |
| IRS990EZ/ContributionsGiftsGrantsEtc | 0 | 98083 |
| IRS990EZ/DirectIndirectPoliticalExpend | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/DoesOrgHaveHospital | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/EngagedInExcessBenefitTrans | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/EngageInLobbyingActivities | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/EngagePoliticalCmpgnActivities | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ExcessOrDeficitForYear | 0 | 88435 |
| IRS990EZ/FeesAndOthPymtToIndContractors | 0 | 405 |
| IRS990EZ/FiledScheduleA | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignFinancialAccount | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignOffice | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/FundraisingGrossIncome | 0 | 14983 |
| IRS990EZ/GrossReceipts | 0 | 114238 |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartI | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartII | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIII | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartV | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InvestmentIncome | 0 | 106 |
| IRS990EZ/LandAndBuildings/BOY | 0 | 10000 |
| IRS990EZ/LandAndBuildings/EOY | 0 | 10000 |
| IRS990EZ/MadeChangesToOrgnzngEtcDoc | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/MadeLoansToFromOfficers | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/MaintainAnyDonorAdvisedFunds | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/MethodOfAccountingCash | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalances/BOY | 0 | 384931 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY | 0 | 384931 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalances/EOY | 0 | 473366 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY | 0 | 473366 |
| IRS990EZ/OccupancyRentUtilitiesAndMaint | 0 | 13971 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 0 | 314 WASHINGTON ST |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 1 | 33053 CRYSTAL SPRINGS ST |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 2 | 60736 WOOD ROAD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 3 | 33053 CRYSTAL SPRINGS ST |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 4 | 60822 CREEK ROAD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 5 | 61268 INDIANA LAKE ROAD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 0 | BERRIEN SPRINGS |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 1 | DOWAGIAC |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 2 | NILES |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 3 | DOWAGIAC |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 4 | NILES |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/City | 5 | NILES |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 0 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 1 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 2 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 3 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 4 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/State | 5 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 0 | 49102 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 1 | 49047 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 2 | 49120 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 3 | 49047 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 4 | 49120 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 5 | 49120 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 0 | 0.50 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 1 | 50.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 2 | 0.50 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 3 | 40.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 4 | 0.50 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 5 | 0.50 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 0 | DR MELCHIZEDEK PONNIAH |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 1 | ROBERT N SHAFFER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 2 | BARBARA WOOD COOK |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 3 | MARY E SHAFFER MOLLY |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 4 | KEVIN YOUNG |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 5 | REV DAN GREEGOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 0 | CHAIRMAN |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 1 | PRESIDENT |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 2 | SECRETARY |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 3 | TREASURER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 4 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 5 | ADVISOR |
| IRS990EZ/OperatingSchool | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/Organization501c3 | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationDissolvedEtc | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationHadUBI | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherAssetsTotal/BOY | 0 | 371794 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherAssetsTotal/EOY | 0 | 426996 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherChangesInNetAssets | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherExpensesTotal | 0 | 2986 |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIAHghstPaidCntrctProfSer | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIOfCompOfHighestPaidEmpl | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PrimaryExemptPurpose | 0 | TO BRING THE OLD RUGGED CROSS CHURCH BACK TO ITS 1913 APPREARANCE |
| IRS990EZ/PrintingPublicationsPostage | 0 | 3539 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/DescriptionProgramServiceAccom | 0 | MORE NEW WINDOWS, HARDWOOD FLOORING, AND REPLICATED BENCHES WERE ADDED IN THE PAST FISCAL YEAR ALONG WITH OTHER ONGOING RESTORATION PROJECTS. THESE COST ARE INCLUDED IN WITH THE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED RESTORATION COSTS. |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/GrantsAndAllocations | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/ProgramServiceExpenses | 0 | 20902 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceRevenue | 0 | 1066 |
| IRS990EZ/ProhibitedTaxShelterTrans | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/RelatedOrgControlledEntity | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/SpecialEventsDirectExpenses | 0 | 4901 |
| IRS990EZ/SpecialEventsNetIncomeLoss | 0 | 10082 |
| IRS990EZ/StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled | 0 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/SubjectToProxyTax | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilities/BOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilities/EOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TanningServicesProvided | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4911 | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4912 | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4955 | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 0 | 33053 CRYSTAL SPRINGS ROAD |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/City | 0 | DOWAGIAC |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/State | 0 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 0 | 49047 |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/NamePerson | 0 | MARY E SHAFFER |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/TelephoneNumber | 0 | 2696846347 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalAssets/BOY | 0 | 384931 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalAssets/EOY | 0 | 473366 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalExpenses | 0 | 20902 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalProgramServiceExpenses | 0 | 20902 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalRevenue | 0 | 109337 |
| IRS990EZ/TrnsfrsExemptNonCharRelatedOrg | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/WebSite | 0 | WWW.THE-OLDRUGGEDCROSS.ORG |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmountsSubstContributorsTotal | 0 | 97167 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived170/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 98083 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived170/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 44012 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived170/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 36175 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived170/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 20071 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived170/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 35195 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived170/Total | 0 | 233536 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 106 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 107 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 1262 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 680 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 3634 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170/Total | 0 | 5789 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissionsEtc | 0 | 116712 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PubliclySupportedOrg170b1Avi | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportPertcentage170 | 0 | 0.56980 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportPertcentPriorYear | 0 | 0.71390 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportTotal170 | 0 | 136369 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/ThirtyThreePercntTestsCY170 | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total170/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 98083 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total170/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 44012 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total170/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 36175 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total170/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 20071 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total170/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 35195 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total170/Total | 0 | 233536 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupport | 0 | 239325 |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInfo/AggregateContributions | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInfo/ContributorAddressUS/AddressLine1 | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInfo/ContributorAddressUS/AddressLine2 | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInfo/ContributorAddressUS/City | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInfo/ContributorAddressUS/State | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInfo/ContributorAddressUS/ZIPCode | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInfo/ContributorNameBusiness/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInfo/ContributorNumber | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 0 | INTEREST 106.. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 1 | DESCRIPTION: DEPRECIATION/AMORTIZATION. AMOUNT: 8,768. DESCRIPTION: OTHER EXPENSES. AMOUNT: 5,203. TOTAL TO FORM 990-EZ, LINE 14: 13,971. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 2 | DESCRIPTION: OFFICE EXPENSE. AMOUNT: 259. DESCRIPTION: BUSINESS INSURANCE. AMOUNT: 2,579. DESCRIPTION: LICENSE AND PERMITS. AMOUNT: 20. DESCRIPTION: WEBSITE. AMOUNT: 108. DESCRIPTION: MISCELLANEOUS. AMOUNT: 20. TOTAL TO FORM 990-EZ, LINE 16: 2,986. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 3 | DESCRIPTION: ACCUMULATED COST OF RESTORATION. BEG. OF YEAR AMOUNT: 371,794. END OF YEAR AMOUNT: 218,663. DESCRIPTION: OTHER DEPRECIABLE ASSETS. BEG. OF YEAR AMOUNT: 0. END OF YEAR AMOUNT: 208,333. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 0 | OTHER INVESTMENT INCOME |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 1 | OCCUPANCY, RENT, UTILITIES AND MAINTENENCE |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 2 | OTHER EXPENSES |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 3 | OTHER ASSETS |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 0 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 4 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 1 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 14 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 2 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 16 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 3 | FORM 990-EZ, PART II, LINE 24 |
| TransferPrsnlBnftContractsDecl/Declaration | 0 | THE ORGANIZATION DID NOT, DURING THE YEAR, RECEIVE ANY FUNDS, DIRECTLY,OR INDIRECTLY, TO PAY PREMIUMS ON A PERSONAL BENEFIT CONTRACT.THE ORGANIZATION, DID NOT, DURING THE YEAR, PAY ANY PREMIUMS, DIRECTLY,OR INDIRECTLY, ON A PERSONAL BENEFIT CONTRACT. |
| ReturnHeader/BuildTS | 0 | 2016-02-24 21:20:13Z |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN | 0 | 383450148 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/Name/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | OLD RUGGED CROSS FOUNDATION INC |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/NameControl | 0 | OLDR |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/Phone | 0 | 2696846347 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | PO BOX 41 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/City | 0 | NILES |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/State | 0 | MI |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | 49120 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/AuthorizeThirdParty | 0 | 1 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/DateSigned | 0 | 2012-08-13 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Name | 0 | MARY E SHAFFER |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Phone | 0 | 2696846347 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Title | 0 | TREASURER |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/DatePrepared | 0 | 2012-08-08 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/EIN | 0 | 470526649 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmBusinessName/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | DANA F COLE & COMPANY LLP |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | 325 WOODRUFF STREET |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/City | 0 | NILES |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/State | 0 | MI |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | 491202978 |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/Name | 0 | PAUL J HORNACEK |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/Phone | 0 | 2696831200 |
| ReturnHeader/ReturnType | 0 | 990EZ |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDate | 0 | 2011-04-01 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDate | 0 | 2012-03-31 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxYear | 0 | 2011 |
| ReturnHeader/Timestamp | 0 | 2012-08-13T08:47:34-05:00 |
No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.
Displayed year
2012 • Form 990EZFacts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.