Liabilities / Assets
83rd percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 83% of similar nonprofits.
990EZ • Fiscal year 2013 • EIN 34-1929512
Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.
Liabilities / Assets
83rd percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 83% of similar nonprofits.
Liabilities / Revenue
97th percentile
Higher debt load relative to revenue than 97% of similar nonprofits.
Net Margin
2nd percentile
Higher net margin than 2% of similar nonprofits.
Top Officer Pay
Score unavailable
This filing does not contain officer compensation rows.
Asset Growth
27th percentile
Faster asset growth than 27% of similar nonprofits.
Revenue Growth
2nd percentile
Faster revenue growth than 2% of similar nonprofits.
Assets
Down$41,226
Down $5,580 (-12%) from 2012
Net Assets
Down$31,336
Down $15,470 (-33%) from 2012
Liabilities
$9,890
No earlier filing loaded for comparison.
Revenue
Down$5,095
Down $41,570 (-89%) from 2012
Expenses
Down$20,565
Down $99,940 (-83%) from 2012
Net Income
Up-$15,470
Up $58,370 (+79%) from 2012
Promote and maintain interest and enthusiasm for all band activities in the sandusky city school system and to provide financial support for the sandusky city school bands.
This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.
| Path | # | Value |
|---|---|---|
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 0 | HEATHER RUSSELL |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 1 | CRAIG HOFER |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 2 | KRIS BLEVINS |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 3 | LINDA URIG |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 4 | ROBIN MYERS |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 5 | BETH WIMMER |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 6 | MATT BLEVINS |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 7 | LIZ SMITH |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 8 | DEBBY HOFER |
| CompensationExplanation/Compensation/PersonName | 9 | CHAS GILBERT |
| IRS990EZ/ActivitiesNotPreviouslyRpt | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestments/BOY | 0 | 46806 |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestments/EOY | 0 | 41226 |
| IRS990EZ/ContributionsGiftsGrantsEtc | 0 | 100 |
| IRS990EZ/DidOrgFileForm1120POLThisYear | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/DoesOrgHaveHospital | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/EngagedInExcessBenefitTrans | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/EngageInLobbyingActivities | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/EngagePoliticalCmpgnActivities | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/ExcessOrDeficitForYear | 0 | -15470 |
| IRS990EZ/FeesAndOthPymtToIndContractors | 0 | 425 |
| IRS990EZ/FiledScheduleA | 0 | true |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignFinancialAccount | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignOffice | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/FundraisingGrossIncome | 0 | 39315 |
| IRS990EZ/GrantsAndSimilarAmountsPaid | 0 | 18250 |
| IRS990EZ/GrossReceipts | 0 | 42570 |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartI | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartII | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIII | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InvestmentIncome | 0 | 43 |
| IRS990EZ/MadeChangesToOrgnzngEtcDoc | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/MadeLoansToFromOfficers | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/MaintainAnyDonorAdvisedFunds | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/MethodOfAccountingCash | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalances/BOY | 0 | 46806 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY | 0 | 46806 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalances/EOY | 0 | 31336 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY | 0 | 31336 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 0 | 10.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 1 | 5.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 2 | 1.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 3 | 20.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 4 | 5.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 5 | 1.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 6 | 1.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 7 | 1.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 8 | 20.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 9 | 5.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 6 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 7 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 8 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 9 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 0 | HEATHER RUSSELL |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 1 | CRAIG HOFER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 2 | KRIS BLEVINS |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 3 | LINDA URIG |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 4 | ROBIN MYERS |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 5 | BETH WIMMER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 6 | MATT BLEVINS |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 7 | LIZ SMITH |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 8 | DEBBY HOFER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 9 | CHAS GILBERT |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 0 | PRESIDENT |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 1 | VICE PRESIDE |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 2 | VICE PRESIDE |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 3 | TREASURER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 4 | SECRETARY |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 5 | BOARD MEMBER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 6 | BOARD MEMBER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 7 | BOARD MEMBER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 8 | TREASURER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 9 | VICE PRESIDE |
| IRS990EZ/OperatingSchool | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/Organization501c3 | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationDissolvedEtc | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationHadUBI | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/OtherExpensesTotal | 0 | 1787 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherRevenueTotal | 0 | 280 |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIAHghstPaidCntrctProfSer | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIOfCompOfHighestPaidEmpl | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PrimaryExemptPurpose | 0 | PROMOTE AND MAINTAIN INTEREST AND ENTHUSIASM FOR ALL BAND ACTIVITIES IN THE SANDUSKY CITY SCHOOL SYSTEM AND TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE SANDUSKY CITY SCHOOL BANDS. |
| IRS990EZ/PrintingPublicationsPostage | 0 | 103 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/DescriptionProgramServiceAccom | 0 | SUPPORT THE SANDUSKY CITY SCHOOL BANDS BY PROVIDING FUNDING FOR UNIFORMS, MUSIC, CONTESTS, TRAVEL, BANQUETS, AND OTHER COSTS AS NEEDED. |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/GrantsAndAllocations | 0 | 18250 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/ProgramServiceExpenses | 0 | 18250 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceRevenue | 0 | 2832 |
| IRS990EZ/ProhibitedTaxShelterTrans | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/RelatedOrgControlledEntity | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/ScheduleBNotRequired | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/SpecialEventsDirectExpenses | 0 | 37475 |
| IRS990EZ/SpecialEventsNetIncomeLoss | 0 | 1840 |
| IRS990EZ/StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled | 0 | OH |
| IRS990EZ/SubjectToProxyTax | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilities/EOY | 0 | 9890 |
| IRS990EZ/TanningServicesProvided | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 0 | PO BOX 2611 |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/City | 0 | SANDUSKY |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/State | 0 | OH |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 0 | 44870 |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/NamePerson | 0 | DEBBY HOFER |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/TelephoneNumber | 0 | 4196266648 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalAssets/BOY | 0 | 46806 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalAssets/EOY | 0 | 41226 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalExpenses | 0 | 20565 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalProgramServiceExpenses | 0 | 18250 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalRevenue | 0 | 5095 |
| IRS990EZ/TransactionWithControlEntity | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/TrnsfrsExemptNonCharRelatedOrg | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/WebSite | 0 | N/A |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 100 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 500 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 1440 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 135 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 1669 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/Total | 0 | 3844 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 43 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 18 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 459 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 722 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 1110 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/Total | 0 | 2352 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 3112 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 25630 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 5548 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 8095 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 6949 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/Total | 0 | 49334 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 39315 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 44005 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 35539 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 42374 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 38221 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/Total | 0 | 199454 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 43 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 18 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 459 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 722 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 1110 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/Total | 0 | 2352 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomePercentage | 0 | 0.01000 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 1234 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 855 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509/Total | 0 | 2089 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PriorYearSupportPercentage | 0 | 0.98250 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PriorYrInvestIncomePercentage | 0 | 0.01000 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PubliclySupportedOrg509a2 | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportPercentage509 | 0 | 0.98270 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportTotal509 | 0 | 252632 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/ThirtyThreePercntTestsCY509 | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 42527 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 70135 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 42527 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 50604 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 46839 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/Total | 0 | 252632 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 42570 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 70153 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 42986 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 52560 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 48804 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/Total | 0 | 257073 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/DirectExpenseSummaryEvents | 0 | 36905 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/GrossReceiptsEvent1 | 0 | 22911 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/GrossReceiptsEvent2 | 0 | 15434 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/GrossReceiptsTotal | 0 | 38345 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/GrossRevenueEvent1 | 0 | 22911 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/GrossRevenueEvent2 | 0 | 15434 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/GrossRevenueTotalEvents | 0 | 38345 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/NameOfEvent1 | 0 | FOOTBALL CONCES |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/NameOfEvent2 | 0 | OTHER FUNDRAISE |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/NetIncomeSummary | 0 | 1440 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/OtherDirectExpensesEvent1 | 0 | 29310 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/OtherDirectExpensesEvent2 | 0 | 7595 |
| IRS990ScheduleG/EventsInformation/OtherDirectExpensesTotalEvents | 0 | 36905 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 0 | MISCELLANEOUS INCOME 280 TOTAL 280 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 1 | SANDUSKY CITY SCHOOLS 2310 HAYES AVE SANDUSKY, OH 44870 18,250 0 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 2 | EXPENSES INSURANCE 1,291 LICENSES & PERMITS 180 MISC EXPENSE 13 OTHER EXPENSE 250 VOLUNTEER APPRECIATION 53 TOTAL 1,787 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 3 | TRIP DEPOSITS 0 9,890 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 4 | PROMOTE AND MAINTAIN INTEREST AND ENTHUSIASM FOR ALL BAND ACTIVITIES IN THE SANDUSKY CITY SCHOOL SYSTEM AND TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE SANDUSKY CITY SCHOOL BANDS. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 0 | OTHER REVENUE |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 1 | GRANTS AND SIMILAR AMTS PAID TO ORGANIZATIONS |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 2 | OTHER EXPENSES |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 3 | OTHER LIABILITIES |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 4 | PRIMARY EXEMPT PURPOSE |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 0 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 8 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 1 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 10 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 2 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 16 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 3 | FORM 990-EZ, PART II, LINE 26 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 4 | FORM 990-EZ, PART III |
| ReturnHeader/BuildTS | 0 | 2016-03-07 17:11:31Z |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN | 0 | 341929512 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/Name/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | SANDUSKY BAND PARENTS ORGANIZATION |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/NameControl | 0 | SAND |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | PO BOX 2611 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/City | 0 | SANDUSKY |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/State | 0 | OH |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | 44870 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/AuthorizeThirdParty | 0 | true |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/DateSigned | 0 | 2013-10-22 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Name | 0 | DEBBY HOFER |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Title | 0 | TREASURER |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/DatePrepared | 0 | 2013-10-22 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmBusinessName/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | PAYNE NICKLES & COMPANY |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | 422 W MARKET ST |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/City | 0 | SANDUSKY |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/State | 0 | OH |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | 448702410 |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/Name | 0 | CARL MCGOOKEY CPA CVA |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/Phone | 0 | 4196254942 |
| ReturnHeader/ReturnType | 0 | 990EZ |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDate | 0 | 2012-07-01 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDate | 0 | 2013-06-30 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxYear | 0 | 2012 |
| ReturnHeader/Timestamp | 0 | 2013-10-29T13:20:06-05:00 |
No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.
Displayed year
2013 • Form 990EZFacts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.