Liabilities / Assets
31st percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.
Liabilities / Assets
31st percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
Liabilities / Revenue
Score unavailable
Liabilities-to-revenue requires both liabilities and revenue on this filing.
Net Margin
Score unavailable
Net margin requires both revenue and expenses on this filing.
Top Officer Pay
Score unavailable
This filing does not contain officer compensation rows.
Asset Growth
1st percentile
Faster asset growth than 1% of similar nonprofits.
Revenue Growth
Score unavailable
No valid filing value is available for this score.
Assets
Down$10,296
Down $13,126 (-56%) from 2011
Net Assets
Down$10,296
Down $13,126 (-56%) from 2011
Liabilities
Flat$0
Flat from 2011
Revenue
-
No earlier filing loaded for comparison.
Expenses
Up$525,541
Up $15,593 (+3.1%) from 2011
Net Income
-
No earlier filing loaded for comparison.
The union provides legal and negotiation services to employment disputes with the district and provides meeting space and funding for members educational programs.
This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.
| Path | # | Value |
|---|---|---|
| IRS990/AccountantCompileOrReview | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ActivitiesConductedPartnership | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ActivityOrMissionDescription | 0 | THE UNION PROVIDES LEGAL AND NEGOTIATION SERVICES TO EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES WITH THE DISTRICT AND PROVIDES MEETING SPACE AND FUNDING FOR MEMBERS EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS. |
| IRS990/AllOtherExpenses/Total | 0 | 1196 |
| IRS990/BenefitsPaidToMembersCY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/BsnssRltnshpThruFamilyMember | 0 | false |
| IRS990/BsnssRltnshpWithOrganization | 0 | false |
| IRS990/CashNonInterestBearing/BOY | 0 | 23422 |
| IRS990/CashNonInterestBearing/EOY | 0 | 10296 |
| IRS990/ChangesToOrganizingDocs | 0 | false |
| IRS990/CollectionsOfArt | 0 | false |
| IRS990/CompensationFromOtherSources | 0 | false |
| IRS990/CompensationProcessCEO | 0 | true |
| IRS990/CompensationProcessOther | 0 | true |
| IRS990/ComplianceWithBackupWitholding | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ConferencesMeetings/Total | 0 | 628 |
| IRS990/ConflictOfInterestPolicy | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ConservationEasements | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ConsolidatedAuditFinancialStmt | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ContributionsGrantsCurrentYear | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ContributionsGrantsPriorYear | 0 | 2920 |
| IRS990/CreditCounseling | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DecisionsSubjectToApproval | 0 | true |
| IRS990/DeductibleContributionsOfArt | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DeductibleNonCashContributions | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DelegationOfManagementDuties | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DescribedIn501C3 | 0 | false |
| IRS990/Description | 0 | THE UNION PROVIDES LEGAL AND NEGOTIATION SERVICES TO EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES WITH THE DISTRICT AND PROVIDES MEETIN SPACE AND FUNDING FOR MEMBERS EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS. |
| IRS990/DisregardedEntity | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DocumentRetentionPolicy | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DonorAdvisedFunds | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DoNotFollowSFAS117 | 0 | X |
| IRS990/ElectionOfBoardMembers | 0 | true |
| IRS990/FamilyOrBusinessRelationship | 0 | false |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesAccounting/Total | 0 | 1800 |
| IRS990/ForeignActivities | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ForeignFinancialAccount | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ForeignOffice | 0 | false |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/AverageHoursPerWeek | 0 | 10.00 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/AverageHoursPerWeek | 1 | 3.00 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/AverageHoursPerWeek | 2 | 10.00 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/AverageHoursPerWeek | 3 | 10.00 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/AverageHoursPerWeek | 4 | 10.00 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/AverageHoursPerWeek | 5 | 5.00 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/AverageHoursPerWeek | 6 | 3.00 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/AverageHoursPerWeek | 7 | 3.00 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/IndividualTrusteeOrDirector | 0 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/IndividualTrusteeOrDirector | 1 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/IndividualTrusteeOrDirector | 2 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/IndividualTrusteeOrDirector | 3 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/IndividualTrusteeOrDirector | 4 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/IndividualTrusteeOrDirector | 5 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/IndividualTrusteeOrDirector | 6 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/IndividualTrusteeOrDirector | 7 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/NamePerson | 0 | BRENT LACKAS |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/NamePerson | 1 | CORY KNUDTSON |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/NamePerson | 2 | KATI MOE |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/NamePerson | 3 | KEVIN JOHNSON |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/NamePerson | 4 | CHIP BROFFORD |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/NamePerson | 5 | JILL YEAGER |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/NamePerson | 6 | DENISE FALLS |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/NamePerson | 7 | BARBARA WARDEN |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/OtherCompensation | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/OtherCompensation | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/OtherCompensation | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/OtherCompensation | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/OtherCompensation | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/OtherCompensation | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/OtherCompensation | 6 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/OtherCompensation | 7 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromOrganization | 0 | 5000 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromOrganization | 1 | 3000 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromOrganization | 2 | 2500 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromOrganization | 3 | 2500 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromOrganization | 4 | 2500 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromOrganization | 5 | 1250 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromOrganization | 6 | 500 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromOrganization | 7 | 500 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs | 6 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/ReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs | 7 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/Title | 0 | TREASURER |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/Title | 1 | GR |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/Title | 2 | NEGOTIATOR |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/Title | 3 | NEGOTIATOR |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/Title | 4 | NEGOTIATOR |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/Title | 5 | SECRETARY |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/Title | 6 | IPD |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionA/Title | 7 | NEWSLETTER |
| IRS990/Form990ProvidedToGoverningBody | 0 | false |
| IRS990/FormersListed | 0 | false |
| IRS990/FSAudited | 0 | false |
| IRS990/FundraisingActivities | 0 | false |
| IRS990/Gaming | 0 | false |
| IRS990/GrantsAndSimilarAmntsCY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/GrantsToIndividuals | 0 | false |
| IRS990/GrantsToOrganizations | 0 | false |
| IRS990/GrantToRelatedPerson | 0 | false |
| IRS990/GrossReceipts | 0 | 512415 |
| IRS990/GroupReturnForAffiliates | 0 | false |
| IRS990/Hospital | 0 | false |
| IRS990/IndependentAuditFinancialStmt | 0 | false |
| IRS990/IndoorTanningServices | 0 | false |
| IRS990/InfoInScheduleOPartVI | 0 | X |
| IRS990/InvestmentIncomeCurrentYear | 0 | 36 |
| IRS990/InvestmentIncomePriorYear | 0 | 38 |
| IRS990/InvestmentIncome/RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome | 0 | 36 |
| IRS990/InvestmentIncome/TotalRevenueColumn | 0 | 36 |
| IRS990/InvestmentInJointVenture | 0 | false |
| IRS990/LoanToOfficerOrDQP | 0 | false |
| IRS990/LocalChapters | 0 | false |
| IRS990/MaterialDiversionOrMisuse | 0 | false |
| IRS990/MembersOrStockholders | 0 | false |
| IRS990/MethodOfAccountingAccrual | 0 | X |
| IRS990/MinutesOfCommittees | 0 | true |
| IRS990/MinutesOfGoverningBody | 0 | true |
| IRS990/MissionDescription | 0 | THE UNION PROVIDES LEGAL AND NEGOTIATION SERVICES TO EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES WITH THE DISTRICT AND PROVIDES MEETING SPACE AND FUNDING FOR MEMBERS EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS. |
| IRS990/MoreThan5000KToIndividuals | 0 | false |
| IRS990/MoreThan5000KToOrganizations | 0 | false |
| IRS990/NbrIndependentVotingMembers | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/NbrVotingGoverningBodyMembers | 0 | 10 |
| IRS990/NbrVotingMembersGoverningBody | 0 | 10 |
| IRS990/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY | 0 | 23422 |
| IRS990/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY | 0 | 10296 |
| IRS990/NonDeductibleContributions | 0 | false |
| IRS990/NumberFormsTransmittedWith1096 | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/NumberIndependentVotingMembers | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/NumberOfEmployees | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/NumberW2GIncluded | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/OfficeExpenses/Total | 0 | 2142 |
| IRS990/OfficerEntityWithBsnssRltnshp | 0 | false |
| IRS990/OfficerMailingAddress | 0 | false |
| IRS990/Organization501c | 0 | X |
| IRS990/OtherExpensePriorYear | 0 | 509948 |
| IRS990/OtherExpensesCurrentYear | 0 | 525541 |
| IRS990/OtherExpenses/Description | 0 | STIPENDS |
| IRS990/OtherExpenses/Description | 1 | SCHOLARSHIP |
| IRS990/OtherExpenses/Description | 2 | MEMBER SERVICES |
| IRS990/OtherExpenses/Description | 3 | TRAINING |
| IRS990/OtherExpenses/Total | 0 | 47891 |
| IRS990/OtherExpenses/Total | 1 | 10424 |
| IRS990/OtherExpenses/Total | 2 | 1262 |
| IRS990/OtherExpenses/Total | 3 | 831 |
| IRS990/OtherRevenueCurrentYear | 0 | 315 |
| IRS990/OtherRevenueMisc/Description | 0 | OTHER REVENUE |
| IRS990/OtherRevenueMisc/RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome | 0 | 315 |
| IRS990/OtherRevenueMisc/TotalRevenueColumn | 0 | 315 |
| IRS990/OtherRevenuePriorYear | 0 | 24 |
| IRS990/PartialLiquidation | 0 | false |
| IRS990/PaymentsToAffiliates/Total | 0 | 459367 |
| IRS990/PoliticalActivities | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ProfessionalFundraising | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueCY | 0 | 512064 |
| IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenuePriorYear | 0 | 499619 |
| IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenue/RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome | 0 | 512064 |
| IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenue/TotalRevenueColumn | 0 | 512064 |
| IRS990/ProhibitedTaxShelterTrans | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ReconcilationRevenueExpenses | 0 | -13126 |
| IRS990/RelatedEntity | 0 | false |
| IRS990/RelatedOrgControlledEntity | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ReportFin48Footnote | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ReportInvestOthSecurities | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ReportLandBldgEquip | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ReportOtherAssets | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ReportOtherLiabilities | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ReportProgRelInvest | 0 | false |
| IRS990/RetainedEarningsEndowmentEtc/BOY | 0 | 23422 |
| IRS990/RetainedEarningsEndowmentEtc/EOY | 0 | 10296 |
| IRS990/RevenuesLessExpensesCY | 0 | -13126 |
| IRS990/RevenuesLessExpensesPriorYear | 0 | -7347 |
| IRS990/SalariesEtcCurrentYear | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ScheduleBRequired | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ScheduleJRequired | 0 | false |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 0 | MEMBERS ELECT THE PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT, TREASURER AND SECRETARY |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 1 | MEMBERS MUST APPROVE ANY CONTRACUAL CHANGES THAT ARE PROPOSED. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 2 | YES |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 3 | NO REVIEW WAS OR WILL BE CONDUCTED. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 4 | THE PRESIDENTS CONTRACT IS SPLIT BETWEEN THE DISTRICT AND THE WEA IN ACCORDANCE TO THE AGREEMENT IN THE WEA CONTRACT |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 5 | DETERMINED AT A BUDGET MEETING OF THE OFFICERS IN AUGUST AND VOTED ON BY THE EXEC. BOARD IN LATE AUGUST |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 6 | NO DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 0 | ELECTION OF MEMBERS AND THEIR RIGHTS |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 1 | DECISIONS SUBJECT TO APPROVAL OF MEMBERS |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 2 | POLICIES AND PROCEDURES GOVERNING CHAPTERS |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 3 | ORGANIZATION'S PROCESS USED TO REVIEW FORM 990 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 4 | COMPENSATION PROCESS FOR TOP OFFICIAL |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 5 | COMPENSATION PROCESS FOR OFFICERS |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 6 | GOVERNING DOCUMENTS DISCLOSURE EXPLANATION |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 0 | FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 7A |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 1 | FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 7B |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 2 | FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 10B |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 3 | FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 11B |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 4 | FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 15A |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 5 | FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 15B |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 6 | FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 19 |
| IRS990/ScheduleORequired | 0 | false |
| IRS990/School | 0 | false |
| IRS990/SignificantChange | 0 | false |
| IRS990/SignificantNewProgramServices | 0 | false |
| IRS990/StateLegalDomicile | 0 | MN |
| IRS990/SubjectToProxyTax | 0 | false |
| IRS990/TaxablePartyNotification | 0 | false |
| IRS990/TaxExemptBonds | 0 | false |
| IRS990/Terminated | 0 | false |
| IRS990/TermOrPermanentEndowments | 0 | false |
| IRS990/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 0 | 305 VICKSBURG LANE |
| IRS990/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/City | 0 | PLYMOUTH |
| IRS990/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/State | 0 | MN |
| IRS990/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 0 | 55447 |
| IRS990/TheBooksAreInCareOf/NamePerson | 0 | BRENT LACKAS |
| IRS990/TheBooksAreInCareOf/TelephoneNumber | 0 | 7637456180 |
| IRS990/TotalAssets/BOY | 0 | 23422 |
| IRS990/TotalAssetsBOY | 0 | 23422 |
| IRS990/TotalAssets/EOY | 0 | 10296 |
| IRS990/TotalAssetsEOY | 0 | 10296 |
| IRS990/TotalCompGT150K | 0 | false |
| IRS990/TotalExpensesCurrentYear | 0 | 525541 |
| IRS990/TotalExpensesPriorYear | 0 | 509948 |
| IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpenses/Fundraising | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpenses/ManagementAndGeneral | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpenses/ProgramServices | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpenses/Total | 0 | 525541 |
| IRS990/TotalFundrsngExpCurrentYear | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalGrossUBI | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalLiabilities/BOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalLiabilities/EOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalLiabilitiesEOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances/BOY | 0 | 23422 |
| IRS990/TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances/EOY | 0 | 10296 |
| IRS990/TotalNbrEmployees | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalNetAssetsFundBalances/BOY | 0 | 23422 |
| IRS990/TotalNetAssetsFundBalances/EOY | 0 | 10296 |
| IRS990/TotalOtherRevenue | 0 | 315 |
| IRS990/TotalProfFundrsngExpCY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/TotalProgramServiceRevenue | 0 | 512064 |
| IRS990/TotalReportableCompFromOrg | 0 | 17750 |
| IRS990/TotalRevenueCurrentYear | 0 | 512415 |
| IRS990/TotalRevenuePriorYear | 0 | 502601 |
| IRS990/TotalRevenue/RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome | 0 | 512415 |
| IRS990/TotalRevenue/TotalRevenueColumn | 0 | 512415 |
| IRS990/TransactionRelatedEntity | 0 | false |
| IRS990/TypeOfOrganizationCorporation | 0 | X |
| IRS990/UnrelatedBusinessIncome | 0 | false |
| IRS990/WhistleblowerPolicy | 0 | false |
| IRS990/YearFormation | 0 | 1977 |
| ReturnHeader/BuildTS | 0 | 2016-02-25 16:41:14Z |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN | 0 | 237125407 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/Name/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | WAYZATA EDUCATION ASSOCIATION |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/NameControl | 0 | WAYZ |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/Phone | 0 | 7637456150 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | 305 VICKSBURG LANE N |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/City | 0 | PLYMOUTH |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/State | 0 | MN |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | 55447 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/AuthorizeThirdParty | 0 | true |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/DateSigned | 0 | 2013-06-12 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Name | 0 | BRENT LACKAS |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Phone | 0 | 7637456150 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Title | 0 | TREASURER |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/DatePrepared | 0 | 2013-06-12 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmBusinessName/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | CHUCK RINKEY LTD |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | 5775 WAYZATA BLVD STE 990 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/City | 0 | MINNEAPOLIS |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/State | 0 | MN |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirm/PreparerFirmUSAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | 554161295 |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/Name | 0 | CHUCK RINKEY |
| ReturnHeader/Preparer/Phone | 0 | 9525461052 |
| ReturnHeader/ReturnType | 0 | 990 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDate | 0 | 2011-09-01 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDate | 0 | 2012-08-31 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxYear | 0 | 2011 |
| ReturnHeader/Timestamp | 0 | 2013-06-12T15:28:49-05:00 |
No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.
Displayed year
2012 • Form 990Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.