Civic Intelligence

Naugatuck Valley Housing Development Corporation

990EZ • Fiscal year 2018 • EIN 22-2898850

Sep 01, 2017 to Aug 31, 2018 • Filed on Jul 15, 2019

Organization ProfileN/A
26 Ludlow StreetWaterbury, CT 06710

(203) 574-2410

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.

Liabilities / Assets

57th percentile

0.00x

Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.

2018 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2018

Liabilities / Revenue

56th percentile

0.00x

Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.

2018 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2018

Net Margin

25th percentile

-9.3%

Higher net margin than 25% of similar nonprofits.

2018 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2018

Top Officer Pay

76th percentile

$0

Higher top officer pay than 76% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 0.0% of source-year revenue.

2018 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2018

Asset Growth

35th percentile

-5.6%

Faster asset growth than 35% of similar nonprofits.

2018 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2017 to 2018

Revenue Growth

24th percentile

-20%

Faster revenue growth than 24% of similar nonprofits.

2018 filings • 501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2017 to 2018

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets57th percentile

Assets

Down

$44,984

Down $2,661 (-5.6%) from 2017

Net Assets

Down

$44,984

Down $2,661 (-5.6%) from 2017

Liabilities

Flat

$0

Flat from 2017

Revenue And Expenses
Liabilities / Revenue56th percentileNet Margin25th percentile

Revenue

Down

$28,660

Down $7,292 (-20%) from 2017

Expenses

Up

$31,321

Up $14,061 (+81%) from 2017

Net Income

Down

-$2,661

Down $21,353 (-114%) from 2017

Historical Trend

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth35th percentile

The highlighted filing sits inside the broader history for assets, liabilities, and net assets.

$100K$50K$0Assets 2011: $13,559Liabilities 2011: $9,093Net Assets 2011: $4,4662011Assets 2012: $24,449Liabilities 2012: $4,3622012Assets 2013: $29,803Net Assets 2013: $29,8032013Assets 2014: $8,804Liabilities 2014: $0Net Assets 2014: $8,8042014Assets 2015: $19,548Liabilities 2015: $02015Assets 2016: $28,953Liabilities 2016: $0Net Assets 2016: $28,9532016Assets 2017: $47,645Liabilities 2017: $0Net Assets 2017: $47,6452017Assets 2018: $44,984Liabilities 2018: $0Net Assets 2018: $44,9842018Assets 2019: $63,188Liabilities 2019: $0Net Assets 2019: $63,1882019Assets 2020: $67,198Liabilities 2020: $0Net Assets 2020: $67,1982020Assets 2021: $69,710Liabilities 2021: $02021Assets 2022: $78,644Liabilities 2022: $149Net Assets 2022: $78,4952022Assets 2023: $84,958Liabilities 2023: $1492023Assets 2024: $68,142Liabilities 2024: $0Net Assets 2024: $68,1422024

Highlighted filing

2018

Assets$44,984
Liabilities$0
Net Assets$44,984
Open 2018 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth24th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income across loaded years, with this filing highlighted.

$100K$50K$0-$50KRevenue 2011: $47,614Expenses 2011: $42,399Net Income 2011: $5,2152011Revenue 2012: $80,690Expenses 2012: $65,069Net Income 2012: $15,6212012Revenue 2013: $53,713Expenses 2013: $43,997Net Income 2013: $9,7162013Revenue 2014: $31,602Expenses 2014: $52,601Net Income 2014: -$20,9992014Revenue 2015: $51,618Expenses 2015: $40,874Net Income 2015: $10,7442015Revenue 2016: $33,609Expenses 2016: $24,204Net Income 2016: $9,4052016Revenue 2017: $35,952Expenses 2017: $17,260Net Income 2017: $18,6922017Revenue 2018: $28,660Expenses 2018: $31,321Net Income 2018: -$2,6612018Revenue 2019: $38,301Expenses 2019: $20,097Net Income 2019: $18,2042019Revenue 2020: $23,856Expenses 2020: $19,846Net Income 2020: $4,0102020Revenue 2021: $25,312Expenses 2021: $22,800Net Income 2021: $2,5122021Revenue 2022: $27,068Expenses 2022: $18,283Net Income 2022: $8,7852022Revenue 2023: $28,266Expenses 2023: $21,952Net Income 2023: $6,3142023Revenue 2024: $25,379Expenses 2024: $42,046Net Income 2024: -$16,6672024

Highlighted filing

2018

Revenue$28,660
Expenses$31,321
Net Income-$2,661
Open 2018 Filing
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Sep 1, 2017 to Aug 31, 2018
Signed
Jul 15, 2019
Return Version
2017v2.3
Gross Receipts
$28,660
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Organization provides guidance and training to cooperatives, acquires funding and acts as developer for new cooperatives and affordable housing. Receives lease fees from members for land which it has proprietory control over.

Program Services

DescriptionGrantsExpenses
ORGANZIATION PROVIDES GUIDANCE AND TRAINING TO COOPERATIVES, ACQUIRES FUNDING AND ACTS AS DEVELOPER FOR NEW COOPERATIVES AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING. RECEIVES LEASE FEES FROM MEMBERS FOR LAND WHICH IT HAS PROPRIETORY CONTROL OVER.$0$0
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay76th percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
FATHER COONEYPresident-$0--
MIKE VALUCKASSecretary-$0--
KAROL PIKEVice President-$0--
EVELYN LUSHTreasurer-$0--
Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Naugatuck Valley Housing Development
EIN
22-2898850
Phone
2035742410
Address
26 LUDLOW STREET, WATERBURY, CT 06710

Signing Officer

Name
Father Cooney
Title
President
Phone
2035742410
Signed
2019-07-15
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Preparer

Firm
ZACKIN ZIMYESKI SULLIVAN CPA'S LLC
Address
1 EXCHANGE PLACE 6TH FL, WATERBURY, CT 06702-1391
Preparer
Keith F Sullivan
Phone
2037532200
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Form 990-ez, Part I, Line 8 - Other Revenue

“Description: miscellaneous revenue. Amount: 966.”

Form 990-ez, Part I, Line 16 - Other Expenses

“Description: taxes. Amount: 15004. Description: subcontractors. Amount: 6000. Description: miscellaneous. Amount: 27. Total to form 990-ez, line 16: 21031.”

Raw XML Appendix162 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

Path#Value
IRS990EZ/ActivitiesNotPreviouslyRptInd00
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0DEL PAN INC
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/PhoneNum02038796368
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0PO BOX 6502
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/CityNm0WOLCOTT
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0CT
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/ZIPCd006715
IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestmentsGrp/BOYAmt047645
IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestmentsGrp/EOYAmt044984
IRS990EZ/ChgMadeToOrgnzngDocNotRptInd00
IRS990EZ/DirectIndirectPltclExpendAmt00
IRS990EZ/DonorAdvisedFndsInd00
IRS990EZ/EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd00
IRS990EZ/ExcessOrDeficitForYearAmt0-2661
IRS990EZ/FeesAndOtherPymtToIndCntrctAmt05286
IRS990EZ/FiledScheduleAInd01
IRS990EZ/ForeignFinancialAccountInd00
IRS990EZ/ForeignOfficeInd00
IRS990EZ/Form990TotalAssetsGrp/BOYAmt047645
IRS990EZ/Form990TotalAssetsGrp/EOYAmt044984
IRS990EZ/GrossReceiptsAmt028660
IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd0X
IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIInd0X
IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartVInd0X
IRS990EZ/LobbyingActivitiesInd00
IRS990EZ/MadeLoansToFromOfficersInd00
IRS990EZ/MethodOfAccountingCashInd0X
IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt047645
IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt044984
IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesGrp/BOYAmt047645
IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesGrp/EOYAmt044984
IRS990EZ/OccupancyRentUtltsAndMaintAmt05004
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt00.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt10.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt20.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt30.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt10
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt20
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt30
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt10
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt20
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt30
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt10
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt20
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt30
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm0FATHER COONEY
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm1MIKE VALUCKAS
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm2KAROL PIKE
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm3EVELYN LUSH
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt0PRESIDENT
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt1SECRETARY
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt2VICE PRESIDENT
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt3TREASURER
IRS990EZ/OperateHospitalInd00
IRS990EZ/Organization501c3Ind0X
IRS990EZ/OrganizationDissolvedEtcInd00
IRS990EZ/OrganizationHadUBIInd00
IRS990EZ/OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt00
IRS990EZ/OtherExpensesTotalAmt021031
IRS990EZ/OtherRevenueTotalAmt0966
IRS990EZ/PartVIHghstPdCntrctProfSrvcTxt0NONE
IRS990EZ/PartVIOfCompOfHghstPdEmplTxt0NONE
IRS990EZ/PoliticalCampaignActyInd00
IRS990EZ/PrimaryExemptPurposeTxt0ORGANIZATION PROVIDES GUIDANCE AND TRAINING TO COOPERATIVES, ACQUIRES FUNDING AND ACTS AS DEVELOPER FOR NEW COOPERATIVES AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING. RECEIVES LEASE FEES FROM MEMBERS FOR LAND WHICH IT HAS PROPRIETORY CONTROL OVER.
IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceRevenueAmt027694
IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/DescriptionProgramSrvcAccomTxt0ORGANZIATION PROVIDES GUIDANCE AND TRAINING TO COOPERATIVES, ACQUIRES FUNDING AND ACTS AS DEVELOPER FOR NEW COOPERATIVES AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING. RECEIVES LEASE FEES FROM MEMBERS FOR LAND WHICH IT HAS PROPRIETORY CONTROL OVER.
IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/GrantsAndAllocationsAmt00
IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/ProgramServiceExpensesAmt00
IRS990EZ/ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd00
IRS990EZ/RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd00
IRS990EZ/ScheduleBNotRequiredInd0X
IRS990EZ/SchoolOperatingInd00
IRS990EZ/SubjectToProxyTaxInd00
IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilitiesGrp/BOYAmt00
IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilitiesGrp/EOYAmt00
IRS990EZ/TanningServicesProvidedInd00
IRS990EZ/TaxImposedOnOrganizationMgrAmt00
IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4911Amt00
IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4912Amt00
IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4955Amt00
IRS990EZ/TaxReimbursedByOrganizationAmt00
IRS990EZ/TotalExpensesAmt031321
IRS990EZ/TotalRevenueAmt028660
IRS990EZ/TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd00
IRS990EZ/TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd0X
IRS990EZ/WebsiteAddressTxt0N/A
IRS990ScheduleA/AmountsRcvdDsqlfyPersonGrp/TotalAmt00
IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt04970
IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt02750
IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp/TotalAmt07720
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp/CurrentTaxYearAmt027694
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt035674
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp/CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt033609
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp/CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt030028
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp/CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt028852
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp/TotalAmt0155857
IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeCYPct00.00000
IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt0278
IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509Grp/TotalAmt0278
IRS990ScheduleA/PubliclySupportedOrg509a2Ind0X
IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportCY509Pct00.99830
IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportPY509Pct00.99830
IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportTotal509Amt0163577
IRS990ScheduleA/SubstAndDsqlfyPrsnsTotGrp/TotalAmt00
IRS990ScheduleA/SubstantialContributorsAmtGrp/TotalAmt00
IRS990ScheduleA/ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY509Ind0X
IRS990ScheduleA/Total509Grp/CurrentTaxYearAmt027694
IRS990ScheduleA/Total509Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt035674
IRS990ScheduleA/Total509Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt033609
IRS990ScheduleA/Total509Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt034998
IRS990ScheduleA/Total509Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt031602
IRS990ScheduleA/Total509Grp/TotalAmt0163577
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp/CurrentTaxYearAmt027694
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt035952
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp/CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt033609
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp/CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt034998
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp/CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt031602
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp/TotalAmt0163855
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0DESCRIPTION: MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE. AMOUNT: 966.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt1DESCRIPTION: TAXES. AMOUNT: 15004. DESCRIPTION: SUBCONTRACTORS. AMOUNT: 6000. DESCRIPTION: MISCELLANEOUS. AMOUNT: 27. TOTAL TO FORM 990-EZ, LINE 16: 21031.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 8 - OTHER REVENUE
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc1FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 16 - OTHER EXPENSES
TransferPrsnlBnftContractsDecl/DeclarationDesc0THE ORGANIZATION DID NOT, DURING THE YEAR, RECEIVE ANY FUNDS, DIRECTLY,OR INDIRECTLY, TO PAY PREMIUMS ON A PERSONAL BENEFIT CONTRACT.THE ORGANIZATION, DID NOT, DURING THE YEAR, PAY ANY PREMIUMS, DIRECTLY,OR INDIRECTLY, ON A PERSONAL BENEFIT CONTRACT.
ReturnHeader/BuildTS02019-02-21 02:37:17Z
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd01
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonNm0FATHER COONEY
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonTitleTxt0PRESIDENT
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PhoneNum02035742410
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/SignatureDt02019-07-15
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0NAUGATUCK VALLEY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine2Txt0CORPORATION
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessNameControlTxt0NAUG
ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN0222898850
ReturnHeader/Filer/PhoneNum02035742410
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt026 LUDLOW STREET
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/CityNm0WATERBURY
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0CT
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCd006710
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/AtSubmissionCreationDeviceId09AA02339213EAA1F54E4FE095E2E212D2A6B1E30
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/AtSubmissionFilingDeviceId09AA02339213EAA1F54E4FE095E2E212D2A6B1E30
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/FilingLicenseTypeCd0P
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/IPAddress/IPv4AddressTxt096.92.179.61
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/IPDt02019-07-15
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/IPTimezoneCd0ED
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/IPTm016:11:14
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmEIN0061438606
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0ZACKIN ZIMYESKI SULLIVAN CPA'S LLC
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt01 EXCHANGE PLACE 6TH FL
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/CityNm0WATERBURY
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0CT
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/ZIPCd0067021391
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PhoneNum02037532200
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparationDt02019-07-15
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparerPersonNm0KEITH F SULLIVAN
ReturnHeader/ReturnTs02019-07-15T16:11:07-05:00
ReturnHeader/ReturnTypeCd0990EZ
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDt02017-09-01
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDt02018-08-31
ReturnHeader/TaxYr02017

Document Assets

No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.

Filings

Displayed year

2018 • Form 990EZDetailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$44,984
Liabilities
$0
Net assets
$44,984
Revenue
$28,660
Expenses
$31,321
Net income
-$2,661
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$68.1$0.00$68.1$25.4$42.0$16.7
2023Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$85.0$0.15$28.3$22.0$6.31
2022Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$78.6$0.15$78.5$27.1$18.3$8.79
2021Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$69.7$0.00$25.3$22.8$2.51
2020XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$67.2$0.00$67.2$23.9$19.8$4.01
2019Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$63.2$0.00$63.2$38.3$20.1$18.2
2018Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$45.0$0.00$45.0$28.7$31.3$2.66
2017XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$47.6$0.00$47.6$36.0$17.3$18.7
2016Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$29.0$0.00$29.0$33.6$24.2$9.41
2015Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$19.5$0.00$51.6$40.9$10.7
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$8.80$0.00$8.80$31.6$52.6$21.0
2013Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$29.8$29.8$53.7$44.0$9.72
2012Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$24.4$4.36$80.7$65.1$15.6
2011Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$13.6$9.09$4.47$47.6$42.4$5.22