Liabilities / Assets
88th percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 88% of similar nonprofits.
990 • Fiscal year 2015 • EIN 13-3764444
Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.
Liabilities / Assets
88th percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 88% of similar nonprofits.
Liabilities / Revenue
74th percentile
Higher debt load relative to revenue than 74% of similar nonprofits.
Net Margin
27th percentile
Higher net margin than 27% of similar nonprofits.
Top Officer Pay
92nd percentile
Higher top officer pay than 92% of similar nonprofits.
Top officer pay equals 4.8% of source-year revenue.
Asset Growth
2nd percentile
Faster asset growth than 2% of similar nonprofits.
Revenue Growth
82nd percentile
Faster revenue growth than 82% of similar nonprofits.
Assets
Down$5,365,559
Down $3,129,228 (-37%) from 2014
Net Assets
Down$571,220
Down $322,201 (-36%) from 2014
Liabilities
Down$4,794,339
Down $2,807,027 (-37%) from 2014
Revenue
Up$7,756,720
Up $1,587,946 (+26%) from 2014
Expenses
Up$8,023,211
Up $1,530,638 (+24%) from 2014
Net Income
Up-$266,491
Up $57,308 (+18%) from 2014
The brain trauma foundation is the world's leader in evidence-based guidelines for traumatic brain injuries (tbi). The guidelines cover pre- hospital care, and in-hospital pediatric and adult severe tbi care. These guidelines are constantly updated as new knowledge becomes available. Btf also supports expert consensus conferences on tbi to produce best practice care pathways.
To help improve the treatment and recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury and neurological diseases by developing best practice guidelines, conducting clinical research, and educating medical professionals and consumers.
| Line | Beginning | End | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | |||
| Savings and Temporary Cash Investments | $1,887,003 | $1,937,244 | ▲ $50,241 |
| Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net | $225,367 | $1,382,181 | ▲ $1,156,814 |
| Accounts Receivable | $1,128,058 | $1,211,311 | ▲ $83,253 |
| Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts | $5,094,955 | $714,769 | ▼ $4,380,186 |
| Inventories for Sale or Use | $56,379 | - | - |
| Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges | $43,877 | $52,943 | ▲ $9,066 |
| Receivable From Disqualified Prsn | - | $15,703 | - |
| Loans From Officers Directors | $12,403 | $0 | ▼ $12,403 |
| Pledges and Grants Receivable | $748 | - | - |
| Investments Other Securities | $400 | $400 | → $0 |
| Total Assets | $8,494,787 | $5,365,559 | ▼ $3,129,228 |
| Other Assets Total | $58,000 | $51,008 | ▼ $6,992 |
| Liabilities | |||
| Deferred Revenue | $6,607,264 | $2,485,058 | ▼ $4,122,206 |
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | $943,655 | $2,301,980 | ▲ $1,358,325 |
| Other Liabilities | $38,044 | $7,301 | ▼ $30,743 |
| Total Liabilities | $7,601,366 | $4,794,339 | ▼ $2,807,027 |
| Net Assets / Fund Balance | |||
| Unrestricted Net Assets | $883,421 | $561,220 | ▼ $322,201 |
| Permanently Rstr Net Assets | $10,000 | $10,000 | → $0 |
| Total Net Assets Fund Balance | $893,421 | $571,220 | ▼ $322,201 |
| Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance | $8,494,787 | $5,365,559 | ▼ $3,129,228 |
| Asset | Book Value | Depreciation | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equipment | $1,298,771 | $673,815 | $1,972,586 |
| Other Land Buildings | $83,410 | $4,390 | $87,800 |
| Name | Title | Full / Part Time | Base | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jamshid Ghajar Md Phd | President | FT | $365,719 | $5,811 | $371,530 |
| Katheleen Stevens | CFO | FT | $180,252 | - | $180,252 |
| Jun Maruta | Scientist | FT | $125,231 | $1,801 | $127,032 |
| Meredith Klein | Education Director | FT | $120,252 | $88 | $120,340 |
| Irene D Tseretopoulos | Neuropsychologist | FT | $107,225 | $5,819 | $113,044 |
| Name | Title |
|---|---|
| Alan G Quasha | Chairman/treasurer as July 2015 |
| Christina H Wilson | Director |
| Deborah Ward | Director |
| Elizabeth H Van Merkensteijn | Director |
| George Soros | Director |
| Pamela J Newman | Director |
| Paul Manafort | Director |
| Sarah Jessica Parker | Director |
| Francois M Chateau | Secretary |
| Edgar Cullman Jr | Treasurer Thru July 2015 |
| Contractor | Services | Location | Compensation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford University | Research Services | 450 SERRA MALL, Stanford, CA 94305 | $1,367,208 |
| Oregon Health Sciences Universiry | Research Services | 0690 SW BANCROFT STREET MC L106SPA, Portland, OR 97239 | $911,954 |
| The Geneva Foundation | Research Services | 917 PACIFIC AVE STE 600, Tacoma, WA 98402 | $268,981 |
| Ny Neuroscience Associates PC | Research Services | 705 OAK KNOLL LANE, Menlo Park, CA 94025 | $245,497 |
| Portland State University | Research Services | 1825 SW BROADWAY, Portland, OR 97232 | $230,557 |
| Line Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Other Expenses | $4,860,682 |
| Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits | $3,142,529 |
| Grants and Similar Amounts Paid | $20,000 |
| Professional Fundraising Fees | $0 |
| Total Fundraising Expense | $0 |
| Line Item | Program | Management | Fundraising | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other Salaries and Wages | $1,407,754 | $504,522 | - | $1,912,276 |
| Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees | $406,230 | $145,552 | - | $551,782 |
| Fees for Services Other | $357,809 | $163,952 | - | $521,761 |
| Occupancy | - | $285,981 | - | $285,981 |
| Travel | $190,287 | $95,214 | - | $285,501 |
| Information Technology | $172,220 | $101,399 | - | $273,619 |
| Other Employee Benefits | $184,341 | $64,516 | - | $248,857 |
| Comp Disqual Persons | - | $245,497 | - | $245,497 |
| Depreciation Depletion | $153,119 | $43,824 | - | $196,943 |
| Payroll Taxes | $136,385 | $47,732 | - | $184,117 |
| Office Expenses | $6,524 | $134,325 | - | $140,849 |
| Fees for Services Accounting | $4,685 | $47,440 | - | $52,125 |
| Fees for Services Legal | $3,258 | $32,989 | - | $36,247 |
| Insurance | - | $31,941 | - | $31,941 |
| Grants to Domestic Individuals | $20,000 | - | - | $20,000 |
| Conferences and Meetings | $19,618 | - | - | $19,618 |
| Other Expenses | $132,494 | $16,099 | - | $16,099 |
| All Other Expenses | $27 | $856 | - | $883 |
| Interest | $94 | $347 | - | $441 |
| Total Functional Expenses | $6,036,577 | $1,986,634 | $0 | $8,023,211 |
| Line Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Expenses per Audited Statements | $8,023,211 |
| Total Expenses per Audited Statements | $8,023,211 |
| Total Expenses per Form 990 | $8,023,211 |
| Expenses Not Reported on Financial Statements | $0 |
| Expenses Not Reported on Form 990 | $0 |
| Line Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Professional Fundraising Fees | $0 |
| Interested Party | Relationship | Description | Shared Revenue | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | Majority Owner of Sync Think Inc. Is Foundation President | IN 2015, THE FOUNDATION ENTERED INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH STI TO PURCHASE EYE GOGGLE EQUIPMENT AT A 25% DISCOUNT FOR $978,750. | No | $978,750 |
| - | Owner of Organization Is the President of Foundation | THE PRESIDENT OF THE FOUNDATION IS THE SOLE OWNER OF NYN. IN 2015, THE FOUNDATION PAID $245,497 TO NYN FOR THE PRESIDENT'S ROLE AS PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR FOR THE EYE-TRAC1, EYETRAC ADVANCE AND CONCUSSION DEFINITION PROJECTS. NO FORMAL WRITTEN AGREEMENT HAS BEEN EXECUTED. | No | $245,497 |
| Line Item | Beginning | End | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Receivables from Disqualified Persons | - | $15,703 | - |
| Loans from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees | $12,403 | $0 | ▼ $12,403 |
| Liability | Amount |
|---|---|
| Due to Third Parties | $7,301 |
“Jamshid ghajar has a business relationship with kathleen stevens and alan g. Quasha.”
“Brain trauma foundation, inc. Has its form 990 prepared by an outside accounting firm and have established the following review process to ensure that the information reported is complete and accurate. When the form 990 has been prepared, reviewed by management and is ready to be filed with the internal revenue service, it is electronically sent to the board members of the organization for any comments. Any comments are then grouped, summarized and provided to the outside accountants. Each issue is documented and addressed until the return is finalized and approved for filing.”
“The board chair inquires at all quarterly meetings whether any updates are required to the conflict of interest statements. Also, key employees are required to update their conflict of interest statements during their annual review. Conflicts and/or potential conflicts are disclosed, discussed and resolved at board meetings and noted in the minutes. Follow up is conducted at future meetings if deemed necessary. All board members must submit conflict of interest statements each year. The last time this was completed was november 9, 2015. When a conflict or potential conflict arises, it is normally introduced at a board meeting. Between meetings, the "conflicted" person notifies other board members so that the issue can be addressed, and the board secretary may refer the matter to legal counsel. When a conflict is introduced for board discussion, the nature of the conflict is defined, the board determines whether or not it is an acceptable conflict, and an agreement is reached concerning how the conflict should be managed or resolved. Discussion is duly noted in the minutes (including the basis for accepting the conflict); legal opinions are solicited if needed; and the conflict and the handling of the conflict are revisited at year-end.”
“The presidents compensation is reviewed and approved annually by the board of directors compensation committee. His compensation package includes salary, standard company-paid benefits, and a fee paid to his pc (new york neuroscience associate) for program related services, all of which are subject to review and approval. The compensation committee reviews the compensation package and makes a reommendation for approval of the board. The executive board then votes, and approval is documented in the minutes to the compensation committee meeting. In addition, a formal independent 3rd party compensation study was conducted in 2014, and was presented by the compensation committee to the executive board. The board approved the president's compensation for 2014 and 2015.”
“The organization makes its form 990 and form 1023 available for public inspection as required under section 6104 of the internal revenue code. The return is posted on guidestar.org and other similar types of websites. In addition, the financial statements, conflict of interest policy, articles of incorporation, form 990, form 1023, and by-laws are also available upon written request or by calling the organization directly.”
“Loss on disposal of inventory -55,471.”
“The brain trauma foundation, inc. Audit committee assumes responsibility for the oversight of the audit of its financial statements and selection of its independent auditor. The policy for selection and oversight of the independent auditors has not changed since last year.”
“The foundation recognizes the effect of income tax positions only when they are more likely than not to be sustained. Management has determined that the foundation had no uncertain tax positions that would require financial statement recognition or disclosure. The foundation is no longer subject to examinations by the applicable taxing jurisdictions for periods prior to december 31, 2012.”
This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.
| Path | # | Value |
|---|---|---|
| IRS990/AccountantCompileOrReviewInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 943655 |
| IRS990/AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 2301980 |
| IRS990/AccountsReceivableGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 1128058 |
| IRS990/AccountsReceivableGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 1211311 |
| IRS990/ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ActivityOrMissionDesc | 0 | TO HELP IMPROVE THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES BY DEVELOPING BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES, CONDUCTING CLINICAL RESEARCH, AND EDUCATING MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS AND CONSUMERS. |
| IRS990/AddressChangeInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990/AllOtherContributionsAmt | 0 | 91890 |
| IRS990/AllOtherExpensesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 856 |
| IRS990/AllOtherExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 27 |
| IRS990/AllOtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 883 |
| IRS990/AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/AuditCommitteeInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 0 | JAMSHID GHAJAR MD PHD |
| IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/PhoneNum | 0 | 4083699735 |
| IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 0 | 1999 S BASCOM AVENUE NO 1040 |
| IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/CityNm | 0 | CAMPBELL |
| IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 0 | CA |
| IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/ZIPCd | 0 | 95008 |
| IRS990/BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CashNonInterestBearingGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 5094955 |
| IRS990/CashNonInterestBearingGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 714769 |
| IRS990/ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt | 0 | 8 |
| IRS990/CollectionsOfArtInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 145552 |
| IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 406230 |
| IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 551782 |
| IRS990/CompDisqualPersonsGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 245497 |
| IRS990/CompDisqualPersonsGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 245497 |
| IRS990/CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CompensationProcessCEOInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/CompensationProcessOtherInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ConferencesMeetingsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 19618 |
| IRS990/ConferencesMeetingsGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 19618 |
| IRS990/ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/ConservationEasementsInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt | 0 | 1367208 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt | 1 | 911954 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt | 2 | 268981 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt | 3 | 245497 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt | 4 | 230557 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 0 | 450 SERRA MALL |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 1 | 0690 SW BANCROFT STREET MC L106SPA |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 2 | 917 PACIFIC AVE STE 600 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 3 | 705 OAK KNOLL LANE |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 4 | 1825 SW BROADWAY |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm | 0 | STANFORD |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm | 1 | PORTLAND |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm | 2 | TACOMA |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm | 3 | MENLO PARK |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm | 4 | PORTLAND |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 0 | CA |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 1 | OR |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 2 | WA |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 3 | CA |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 4 | OR |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd | 0 | 94305 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd | 1 | 97239 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd | 2 | 98402 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd | 3 | 94025 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd | 4 | 97232 |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 0 | STANFORD UNIVERSITY |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 1 | OREGON HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSIRY |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 2 | THE GENEVA FOUNDATION |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 3 | NY NEUROSCIENCE ASSOCIATES PC |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 4 | PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 0 | RESEARCH SERVICES |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 1 | RESEARCH SERVICES |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 2 | RESEARCH SERVICES |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 3 | RESEARCH SERVICES |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 4 | RESEARCH SERVICES |
| IRS990/CostOfGoodsSoldAmt | 0 | 909 |
| IRS990/CreditCounselingInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CYContributionsGrantsAmt | 0 | 91890 |
| IRS990/CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt | 0 | 20000 |
| IRS990/CYInvestmentIncomeAmt | 0 | 511 |
| IRS990/CYOtherExpensesAmt | 0 | 4860682 |
| IRS990/CYOtherRevenueAmt | 0 | 8815 |
| IRS990/CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt | 0 | 7655504 |
| IRS990/CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt | 0 | -266491 |
| IRS990/CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt | 0 | 3142529 |
| IRS990/CYTotalExpensesAmt | 0 | 8023211 |
| IRS990/CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CYTotalRevenueAmt | 0 | 7756720 |
| IRS990/DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/DeductibleArtContributionInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/DeductibleNonCashContriInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/DeferredRevenueGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 6607264 |
| IRS990/DeferredRevenueGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 2485058 |
| IRS990/DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/DepreciationDepletionGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 43824 |
| IRS990/DepreciationDepletionGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 153119 |
| IRS990/DepreciationDepletionGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 196943 |
| IRS990/Desc | 0 | EYE-TRAC ADVANCETHERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 2 MILLION EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS A YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES FOR HEAD INJURY; IT IS ESTIMATED THAT OVER THE PAST TEN YEARS APPROXIMATELY 170,000 SOLDIERS HAVE SUSTAINED A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI). THESE NUMBERS GROSSLY UNDERESTIMATE THE TRUE INCIDENCE OF TBI IN THAT THE MAJORITY OF THESE PATIENTS DO NOT SEEK IMMEDIATE ATTENTION AT A HEALTH CARE FACILITY. RECENT LITERATURE HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT PATIENTS WHO SUSTAIN A TBI MAY BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DELAYED MANIFESTATIONS OF THE INJURY INCLUDING BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE DISABILITIES.RAPID AND ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS OF THESE INDIVIDUALS EARLY AFTER A HEAD TRAUMA WOULD ENABLE TRIAGE FOR HIGHER LEVEL DIAGNOSTICS AND REMOVE THEM FROM THE RISK OF REPEAT CONCUSSIONS. IN ADDITION, AN ACCURATE COGNITIVE DIAGNOSTIC THAT IS RELIABLE WOULD BE A MARKER FOR RETURN TO MILITARY DUTY. CURRENTLY, COGNITIVE TESTING IS NOT PORTABLE, IS LENGTHY AND UNRELIABLE IN TEST-RETEST SCORING IN THAT IT CAN BE INFLUENCED BY THE EFFORT OF THE INDIVIDUAL TAKING THE TEST.THIS PROPOSED STUDY IS THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE DOD FUNDED EYE-TRAC STUDY, WHICH DEVELOPED A RESEARCH PROTOTYPE PORTABLE EYE TRACKER (EYE-TRACKING RAPID ATTENTION COMPUTATION [EYE-TRAC] GOGGLES) FOR ATTENTION ASSESSMENT FOLLOWING MILD TBI (MTBI) AS WELL AS ASSESSED THE RELIABILITY, VALIDITY, SENSITIVITY AND SELECTIVITY OF THE EYE-TRACKING PARADIGM USING A DESKTOP EYE TRACKING SYSTEM.THE MAIN HYPOTHESIS OF THIS PROJECT IS THAT PREDICTIVE EYE TRACKING OR DYNAMIC VISUAL SYNCHRONIZATION (DVS), A METRIC OF ATTENTION, HAS NORMAL POPULATION VALUES AND THAT MTBI SUBJECTS WILL HAVE ABNORMAL RESULTS IN COMPARISON. IN ADDITION, WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THE FULLY-INTEGRATED, PORTABLE EYE-TRAC GOGGLES CAN BE ROBUST ENOUGH TO RAPIDLY ASSESS DVS ATTENTION PERFORMANCE AND IDENTIFY INTRA-INDIVIDUAL CHANGES IN EYE MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR USING A PREDICTIVE VISUAL TRACKING PARADIGM. WE WILL USE A PREDICTIVE VISUAL TRACKING PARADIGM THAT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO BE A SENSITIVE METRIC OF ATTENTION IMPAIRMENT IN MTBI SUBJECTS (1). WE PROPOSE TO PROSPECTIVELY STUDY SUBJECTS AT RISK FOR CONCUSSION USING THE EYE-TRAC GOGGLES. BASELINE EYE TRACKING DATA WILL BE OBTAINED FROM APPROXIMATELY 5,000 ATHLETES FROM COLLEGES AND HIGH SCHOOLS AS WELL AS 5,500 MILITARY PERSONNEL FROM FT. HOOD MILITARY BASE. SOME ATHLETES AND SOLDIERS WILL BE RE-TESTED WITH GOGGLES FOR RELIABILITY MEASUREMENT PURPOSES. ATHLETES WHO SUSTAIN A CONCUSSION WILL BE RECRUITED INTO A LONGITUDINAL STUDY THAT TRACKS UP TO 300 MTBI SUBJECTS. ANOTHER 360 NORMAL CIVILIANS (WITHOUT A HISTORY OF HEAD INJURY) AND 140 CIVILIANS WITH ABNORMAL EYESIGHT (MYOPIA, PRESBYOPIA, FARSIGHTEDNESS, ASTIGMATISM, CONTACT LENS WEARER, COLOR BLINDNESS, AND MACULAR DEGENERATION) WILL BE TESTED. THE PORTABLE EYE-TRAC GOGGLES WILL BE THE INSTRUMENT USED TO COLLECT EYE-TRACKING DATA AND WILL UNDERGO SEVERAL ITERATIONS OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ENHANCEMENTS OVER THE COURSE OF THE STUDY TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY. WE PLAN TO RELEASE REVISED VERSIONS OF THE EYE-TRAC GOGGLES TO THE TESTING SITES FOR USE AND EVALUATION EVERY 9-12 MONTHS. SPECIFICALLY, WE HYPOTHESIZE THE FOLLOWING: 1. THE EYE-TRAC GOGGLES WILL MEASURE THE PREDICTIVE EYE TRACKING IN AGE AND EDUCATION DEFINED NORMAL POPULATIONS TO PRODUCE DISTRIBUTIONS OF NORMAL VALUES TO COMPARE TO TBI SUBJECTS. 2. THE EYE-TRAC GOGGLES WILL HAVE HIGH TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY. 3. THE PREDICTIVE EYE TRACKING PARAMETERS WILL BE VALIDATED AGAINST OTHER CLINICALLY VALIDATED ATTENTION COGNITIVE TESTS. 4. THE DEGREE OF SHEARING IN THE RIGHT PRE-FRONTAL ANTERIOR WHITE MATTER DETECTED WITH MRI-DTI WILL CORRELATE WITH THE DEGREE OF IMPAIRED PREDICTIVE EYE TRACKING. 5. ACUTE MTBI, WITH AN ATTENTION IMPAIRMENT, WILL BE DETECTED BY MEASUREMENT OF PREDICTIVE EYE TRACKING. 6. ACUTE MTBI SUBJECTS STUDIED LONGITUDINALLY OVER A YEAR WITH RESOLUTION OF ATTENTION IMPAIRMENT WILL HAVE NORMALIZED PREDICTIVE EYE TRACKING.7. THE FULLY-INTEGRATED, PORTABLE EYE-TRACKING GOGGLES W |
| IRS990/DescribedInSection501c3Ind | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/DisregardedEntityInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/DocumentRetentionPolicyInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/DonorAdvisedFundInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ElectionOfBoardMembersInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/EmployeeCnt | 0 | 40 |
| IRS990/EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ExpenseAmt | 0 | 4998159 |
| IRS990/FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 47440 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 4685 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 52125 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 32989 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 3258 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 36247 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesOtherGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 163952 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesOtherGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 357809 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesOtherGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 521761 |
| IRS990/ForeignActivitiesInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ForeignFinancialAccountInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ForeignOfficeInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 0 | 40.00 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 1 | 0.50 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 2 | 0.50 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 3 | 0.50 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 4 | 0.50 |
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| IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp/Desc | 0 | EYE-TRAC ADVANCE: TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION1. OBJECTIVEWE PROPOSE TO PROSPECTIVELY STUDY A COHORT OF 18-25 YEAR OLD ATHLETES TO ESTABLISH THE RELIABILITY OF EYE-SYNC DATA AND THE UTILITY OF THE EYE-SYNC GOGGLES AS A SIDELINE CONCUSSION ASSESSMENT TOOL. A CLINICAL TRIAL WILL BE CONDUCTED TO 1) DETERMINE IF EYE-TRACKING, ASSESSED ON THE SIDELINE BY EYE-SYNC GOGGLES, IS A POTENTIAL MARKER OF INJURY THAT CAN BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SIDELINE EVALUATIONS TO INFORM DECISIONS REGARDING REMOVAL OF ATHLETES FROM PLAY AND 2) TO USE THE EYE-SYNC GOGGLE DATA AS A POST- INJURY RECOVERY CURVE MONITOR.THE EXISTING EYE-TRAC ADVANCE (ETA) STUDY INCLUDES ACUTE EYE-SYNC DATA CAPTURE AT A SINGLE TIMEPOINT WITHIN TWO WEEKS OF A CONCUSSIVE EVENT, AND SUBSEQUENTLY AT 1, 3 AND 12 MONTHS. THIS PROPOSAL WOULD EXPAND THE CAPABILITIES OF ETA TO ALLOW FOR MULTIPLE OBSERVATIONS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUALIZED EYE-SYNC SCORE TRAJECTORIES IN THE CRITICAL FIRST 10 DAYS FOLLOWING INJURY. ADDITIONALLY, PERFORMANCE ON A TEST OF SIMPLE REACTION TIME (ANAM-SRT) AND SACCADIC EYE-MOVEMENT/ VISUAL TRACKING (KING DEVICK TEST), AND ACCELEROMETER DATA WILL BE OBTAINED AND CORRELATED WITH THE EYE-SYNC TEST. 2. BACKGROUNDTHE EFFECT OF MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (MTBI) OR CONCUSSION ON THE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING OF ATHLETES IS A MAJOR AREA OF RECENT RESEARCH THAT HAS GAINED INCREASING ATTENTION IN THE MEDIA. UNITED STATES EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS ENCOUNTER APPROXIMATELY 1.74 MILLION CASES OF MTBI ANNUALLY. NEARLY 100,000 SOLDIERS ACQUIRED AN MTBI BETWEEN 1997 AND 2007. THESE STATISTICS DO NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT TBI CASES THAT WENT UNREPORTED, WHICH MAY NUMBER AS MANY AS 3 MILLION FOR SPORTS-RELATED HEAD INJURIES[3][4] AND 40% FOR ACTIVE MILITARY MEMBERS. FORTY-EIGHT PERCENT OF COLLEGIATE ATHLETES REPORT EXPERIENCING AN IMPACT FOLLOWED BY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CONCUSSION; HOWEVER, ONLY 17% OF ATHLETES WERE CLINICALLY IDENTIFIED AS SUSTAINING A CONCUSSION. THERE IS A LACK OF UNDERSTANDING REGARDING THE MECHANISMS THAT CAUSE CONCUSSIVE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, AND THERE IS NO DEFINITIVE CONSENSUS ON HOW TO BEST EVALUATE OR TREAT AN INDIVIDUAL WITH CONCUSSION. STUDIES UTILIZING CT IMAGING FOR CONCUSSED INDIVIDUALS HAVE FOUND LESS THAN 15% OF THE PATIENTS HAVE VISIBLE TRAUMATIC LESIONS. AS A RESULT, IT IS DIFFICULT TO EVALUATE WHEN IT IS NECESSARY FOR AN ATHLETE TO BE REMOVED FROM PLAY AFTER A POSSIBLE HEAD INJURY. SPORTS-RELATED CONCUSSIONS ARE CURRENTLY VIEWED AS ONE OF THE MOST COMPLICATED INJURIES FACED BY ATHLETIC TRAINERS; THUS PUTTING A HEAVY DEPENDENCE ON SIDELINE DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS. EVALUATIVE TOOLS SUCH AS SPORTS CONCUSSION ASSESSMENT TOOL (SCAT)-3 TEST AS WELL AS THE IMMEDIATE POST-CONCUSSION AND COGNITIVE TESTING (IMPACT) HAVE BEEN WIDELY USED IN PROFESSIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ATHLETIC ORGANIZATIONS TO AID TRAINERS IN ASSESSING INJURED ATHLETES. THESE EVALUATIVE TOOLS INCLUDE COGNITIVE AND PHYSICAL QUESTIONS TO PROVIDE THE TRAINER WITH ADEQUATE INFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE ATHLETES' RETURN-TO-PLAY STATUS AS WELL AS THE ATHLETES' OVERALL HEALTH. HOWEVER, REVIEW OF RECENT LITERATURE SUGGESTS THAT UPON SERIAL ADMINISTRATION OF SIDELINE NEUROCOGNITIVE TESTS, ATHLETES SHOW INCREASED PERFORMANCE AS A RESULT OF A LEARNING EFFECT. FURTHERMORE, THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT ATHLETES MAY PURPOSEFULLY EXERT POOR EFFORT DURING BASELINE ASSESSMENTS, WHICH WOULD ULTIMATELY LEAD TO INACCURATE INTERPRETATIONS OF TEST SCORES FOLLOWING A POTENTIAL CONCUSSION. TO AVOID INACCURATE VARIABILITY IN PERFORMANCE THAT MAY COMPLICATE TRAINERS' DECISIONS, THERE IS A HIGH DEMAND FOR AN OBJECTIVE SIDELINE MEASURE TO BETTER DETERMINE THE OUTCOME OF AN ATHLETIC HEAD INJURY. THE CURRENT EYE-TRAC ADVANCE (ETA) STUDY USES A PREDICTIVE VISUAL TRACKING PARADIGM TO MEASURE DYNAMIC GAZE ERROR VARIABILITY. THE ADDITION OF ETA: TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION WILL HELP TO FILL KNOWLEDGE GAPS THAT EXIST IN THE CURRENT ETA PROTOCOL AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE OVERALL GOAL OF ACCURATELY ASSESSING POSSIBLE IMPAIRMENT FOLLOWING |
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| IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp/Desc | 0 | CONCUSSION PROPOSAL: THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 2 MILLION EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT (ED) VISITS A YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES FOR HEAD INJURY; IT IS ESTIMATED THAT OVER THE PAST TEN YEARS APPROXIMATELY 170,000 SOLDIERS HAVE SUSTAINED A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI).1 THESE NUMBERS GROSSLY UNDERESTIMATE THE TRUE INCIDENCE OF TBI IN THAT THE MAJORITY OF THESE PATIENTS DO NOT SEEK IMMEDIATE ATTENTION AT A HEALTH CARE FACILITY. RECENT LITERATURE HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT PATIENTS WHO SUSTAIN A TBI MAY BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DELAYED MANIFESTATIONS OF THE INJURY INCLUDING BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE DISABILITIES.ATHLETES AND SOLDERS ARE AT HIGH RISK FOR BOTH INITIAL AND REPEAT HEAD INJURY SOME OF WHICH MAY BE CATASTROPHIC. SEVERAL YEARS AGO, ZACKERY LYSTEDT, A MIDDLE-SCHOOL FOOTBALL PLAYER, SUSTAINED A TBI DURING A GAME. HE WAS DIAGNOSED WITH A "SECOND IMPACT CONCUSSION." THREE YEARS LATER HE IS WHEELCHAIR-BOUND, AND PROFOUNDLY DISABLED. SUBSEQUENTLY THE STATE OF WASHINGTON ADOPTED THE "ZACKERY LYSTEDT LAW" WHICH SPECIFIES THAT THE APPROVAL OF A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL IS REQUIRED BEFORE ANY YOUNG ATHLETE WITH SIGNS OF CONCUSSION CAN RETURN TO THE GAME. THE LAW IS PREDICATED ON THE DEFINITION OF A CONCUSSION AND POSES A FUNDAMENTAL PUBLIC POLICY QUESTION I.E. DOES A SINGLE EVENT REPRESENT SOMETHING UNIQUE AND UNCOMMON OR DOES IT CALL TO ATTENTION A PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN THAT NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED. WELL DESIGNED RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO ANSWER THESE TYPES OF QUESTIONS.IN 2007-2008, THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL, FUNDED A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY GROUP TO DEVELOP A PRACTICE GUIDELINE ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. 3 THIS TASK FORCE USED WELL DEFINED METHODOLOGY TO GENERATE EVIDENCE BASED GUIDELINES. THE GUIDELINE PROCESS UNCOVERED A NUMBER OF CHALLENGES WHICH CONFRONT THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY IN DIAGNOSING AND TREATING TBI, THE MOST BASIC OF WHICH IS WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A "MILD" TBI AND DOES IT DIFFER FROM A CONCUSSION. TYPES OF QUESTIONS UNCOVERED DURING THIS PROCESS INCLUDED, "IS CONCUSSION A CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OR A DIAGNOSTIC TEST DEFINITION?; "IS PROGNOSIS THE SAME FOR A PATIENTS WITH A MILD TBI ON CLINICAL EXAM THE SAME REGARDLESS OF NEUROIMAGING OR SERUM BIOMARKER FINDINGS?" "ARE THERE PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE OR BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE AND ARE THERE INTERVENTIONS THAT WOULD CHANGE THE OUTCOME?" PART OF THE DIFFICULTY IN EVEN BEGINNING TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS AND OTHERS IS THAT THE LITERATURE HAS NO STANDARDIZED DEFINITION AND THE HETEROGENEITY OF STUDY DESIGN PRECLUDE META-ANALYSIS OF DATABASES. MULTIPLE DEFINITIONS FOR THE TERM "CONCUSSION" EXIST FROM SOURCES INCLUDING THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY, AMERICAN CONGRESS OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE, CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, DEFENSE AND VETERANS BRAIN INJURY CENTER, AND THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. HOWEVER, ALL APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED THROUGH CONSENSUS PROCESSES, AND ALL, TO VARYING DEGREES, LACK OPERATIONAL CRITERIA.SPORTS INJURIES, TOGETHER WITH BLAST INJURIES AND OTHER "MILD" BRAIN TRAUMAS HAVE SPAWNED A GROWING AWARENESS OF CONCUSSION AND MILD TBI AS A SERIOUS PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM. HOWEVER, SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT SUFFER FROM WIDESPREAD PRACTICE VARIATION, SIGNALING SUBSTANTIAL UNDERLYING UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE DISEASE. USEFUL RESEARCH ABOUT CONCUSSION AND MILD TBI CAN ONLY PROCEED FROM A UNIFORM DEFINITION DERIVED FROM EVIDENCE ABOUT PATIENT AND DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS, INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE, AND OUTCOMES.NEITHER THE TERM "CONCUSSION" NOR "MILD TBI" PROVIDE A CLEAR DEFINITION TO ENABLE RESEARCHERS, CLINICIANS AND SPORTS SUPERVISORS THE ABILITY TO PROPERLY ADDRESS THIS PUBLIC EPIDEMIC. THE TERM "CONCUSSION" DOES NOT PROVIDE CLEAR INDICATORS OF THE FUNCTIONAL DEFICITS THAT WOULD BE USED TO ASSESS DIAGNOSTICS, THERAPEUTICS AND LONG-TERM NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE.WE PROPOSE TO USE SYSTEMATIC METHODS TO CREATE AN EVIDENCE-BASED DEFINITION OF "CONCUSSION." THE GOAL IS TO PROVIDE A CLEAR DEFINITION THAT WILL ENABLE RESEARCHERS, CLINICIANS, AND |
| IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp/ExpenseAmt | 0 | 122019 |
| IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp/Desc | 0 | THE PRIMARY TOOL OF BTF'S QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, A CLINICAL DATABASE, IS A SECURE INTERNET BASED DATABASE THAT PERMITS A TRAUMA CENTER TO EXAMINE ITS OWN PERFORMANCE AS WELL AS BENCHMARK WITH OTHER INSTITUTIONS. TBI-TRAC IS DESIGNED TO HELP TRAUMA CENTERS MEASURE AND MONITOR THEIR PERFORMANCE ON KEY CLINICAL INDICATORS BASED ON ESTABLISHED EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINES. PARTICIPANTS USE TBI-TRAC AS A ROUTINE PART OF THEIR ONGOING MONITORING AND EVALUATION ACTIVITIES TO IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT AND FOR SHARING INFORMATION WITH CLINICAL DEPARTMENT CHAIRS, QUALITY PERFORMANCE COORDINATORS, AND SENIOR ADMINISTRATION. CENTERS CAN COMBINE TBI-TRAC DATA WITH OTHER INTERNAL DATA SOURCES TO REVEAL COST SAVINGS OPPORTUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES. |
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2015 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.
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