Civic Intelligence

Space Frontier Foundation Inc.

990 • Fiscal year 2024 • EIN 13-3542980

Jan 01, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024 • Filed on Aug 29, 2025

Organization Profilewww.spacefrontier.org
1455 Pennsylvania Ave NW Suite 400Washington, DC 20004

(404) 229-5848

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.

Liabilities / Assets

65th percentile

0.00x

Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.

2024 filings • NTEE U • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Liabilities / Revenue

65th percentile

0.00x

Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.

2024 filings • NTEE U • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Net Margin

10th percentile

-73%

Higher net margin than 10% of similar nonprofits.

2024 filings • NTEE U • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Top Officer Pay

93rd percentile

$41,500

Higher top officer pay than 93% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 33.6% of source-year revenue.

2024 filings • NTEE U • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Asset Growth

26th percentile

-20%

Faster asset growth than 26% of similar nonprofits.

2024 filings • NTEE U • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Revenue Growth

95th percentile

396%

Faster revenue growth than 95% of similar nonprofits.

2024 filings • NTEE U • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets65th percentile

Assets

Down

$367,730

Down $90,558 (-20%) from 2023

Net Assets

Down

$367,730

Down $90,558 (-20%) from 2023

Liabilities

Flat

$0

Flat from 2023

Revenue And Expenses
Liabilities / Revenue65th percentileNet Margin10th percentile

Revenue

Up

$123,469

Up $98,565 (+396%) from 2023

Expenses

Up

$213,248

Up $26,825 (+14%) from 2023

Net Income

Up

-$89,779

Up $71,740 (+44%) from 2023

Historical Trend

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth26th percentile

The highlighted filing sits inside the broader history for assets, liabilities, and net assets.

$1.0M$500K$0Assets 2011: $73,634Liabilities 2011: $0Net Assets 2011: $73,6342011Assets 2012: $101,502Liabilities 2012: $0Net Assets 2012: $101,5022012Assets 2013: $68,876Liabilities 2013: $0Net Assets 2013: $68,8762013Assets 2014: $88,583Liabilities 2014: $0Net Assets 2014: $88,5832014Assets 2015: $152,602Liabilities 2015: $40,362Net Assets 2015: $112,2402015Assets 2016: $9,024Liabilities 2016: $0Net Assets 2016: $9,0242016Assets 2017: $100,986Liabilities 2017: $0Net Assets 2017: $100,9862017Assets 2018: $45,434Liabilities 2018: $0Net Assets 2018: $45,4342018Assets 2019: $32,153Liabilities 2019: $0Net Assets 2019: $32,1532019Assets 2020: $50,722Liabilities 2020: $0Net Assets 2020: $50,7222020Assets 2021: $899,167Liabilities 2021: $0Net Assets 2021: $899,1672021Assets 2022: $619,807Liabilities 2022: $0Net Assets 2022: $619,8072022Assets 2023: $458,288Liabilities 2023: $0Net Assets 2023: $458,2882023Assets 2024: $367,730Liabilities 2024: $0Net Assets 2024: $367,7302024

Highlighted filing

2024

Assets$367,730
Liabilities$0
Net Assets$367,730
Open 2024 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth95th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income across loaded years, with this filing highlighted.

$1.5M$1.0M$500K$0-$500KRevenue 2011: $391,407Expenses 2011: $421,176Net Income 2011: -$29,7692011Revenue 2012: $592,111Expenses 2012: $564,243Net Income 2012: $27,8682012Revenue 2013: $353,915Expenses 2013: $386,541Net Income 2013: -$32,6262013Revenue 2014: $202,963Expenses 2014: $183,256Net Income 2014: $19,7072014Revenue 2015: $213,196Expenses 2015: $189,539Net Income 2015: $23,6572015Revenue 2016: $382,363Expenses 2016: $485,579Net Income 2016: -$103,2162016Revenue 2017: $517,148Expenses 2017: $551,292Net Income 2017: -$34,1442017Revenue 2018: $428,080Expenses 2018: $382,646Net Income 2018: $45,4342018Revenue 2019: $213,714Expenses 2019: $229,641Net Income 2019: -$15,9272019Revenue 2020: $38,852Expenses 2020: $20,283Net Income 2020: $18,5692020Revenue 2021: $1,007,695Expenses 2021: $159,250Net Income 2021: $848,4452021Revenue 2022: $57,522Expenses 2022: $336,882Net Income 2022: -$279,3602022Revenue 2023: $24,904Expenses 2023: $186,423Net Income 2023: -$161,5192023Revenue 2024: $123,469Expenses 2024: $213,248Net Income 2024: -$89,7792024

Highlighted filing

2024

Revenue$123,469
Expenses$213,248
Net Income-$89,779
Open 2024 Filing
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024
Signed
Aug 29, 2025
Return Version
2024v5.2
Gross Receipts
$123,469
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Education of the public on issues of space exploration, development and settlement, and the development and settlement of space by nongovernmental means.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Rtn Earn Endowment Incm Other Fnds$458,288$367,730▼ $90,558
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$413,491$354,644▼ $58,847
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$44,799$13,086▼ $31,713
Accounts Receivable$-2--
Total Assets$458,288$367,730▼ $90,558
Liabilities
Total Liabilities$0$0→ $0
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$458,288$367,730▼ $90,558
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$458,288$367,730▼ $90,558
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay93rd percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseTotal
Aaron OesterleDirectorPT$41,500$41,500
Sean MahoneyBoard ChairPT$20,000$20,000

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Eric IngramDirector
Jim MuncyDirector
Libby LoydDirector
Malak CrispDirector
Megan BennettDirector
Michael MeallingDirector
Miekkal ClarksonDirector
Quade MacDonaldDirector
Taylor WinklemanDirector
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$100,000
Program Service Revenue
$7,314
Investment Income
$16,155
Other Revenue
$0
All Other Contributions
$100,000
Change in Net Assets
$-89,779
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Other Expenses$120,314
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$92,934
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Total Fundraising Expense$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$46,500$46,434-$92,934
Fees for Services Other$1,611$68,152-$69,763
Travel$20,074$12,302-$32,376
Fees for Services Accounting-$12,971-$12,971
Fees for Services Legal-$2,030-$2,030
Conferences and Meetings$544$787-$1,331
Insurance-$1,014-$1,014
Office Expenses$585$244-$829
Total Functional Expenses$69,314$143,934$0$213,248
International Activity

Grant and Assistance Recipients

RecipientLocationCategoryPurposeAmount
Beyond Earth InstituteNew York, NYIRC 501c3-$7,500
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
No
Other officer compensation reviewed
No
Conflict-of-interest policy
No
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990 governing body review Part VI line 11

“Reports and forms reviewed by chairs and officers, then distributed generally by email to the Board of Directors prior to meeting.”

Governing documents etc available to public Part VI line 19

“All Documents are available upon request and from the organzation website.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Space Frontier Foundation Inc
EIN
13-3542980
In Care Of
% Sean Mahoney
Phone
4042295848
Address
1455 Pennsylvania Ave NW Suite 400, Washington, DC 20004

Signing Officer

Name
Sean Mahoney
Title
Director
Phone
4042295848
Signed
2025-08-29
Discuss with paid preparer
No

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Sean Mahoney
Formed
1988
Legal Domicile
Ga
Voting Board Members
250
Independent Board Members
250
Employees
0
Volunteers
15

Preparer

Firm
Trivium Tax and Compliance Inc
Address
333 W Maude Ave Ste 207, Sunnyvale, CA 94085
Preparer
Okan Ugur
Phone
4089400975
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Explanation of other changes in net assets or fund balances Part XI line 9

“Travel Meal expenses not directly related to organizations exempt purpose may not be fully deductible”

List of other fees for services expenses Part IX line 11G

“Software Subscription $16,375 Facilities and Office Related $147 Conference Space Rental $787 Storage Rental $1,546 Postage $105 Printing $31 Office Expenses $97 Legal Fees $30 Accounting $12,971 Consulting $46,434”

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IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp/Desc0March Storm: March Storm is a yearly event in which advocates from a number of space organizations volunteer their time to meet in Washington DC to share their support for positive legislative actions that would affect the private space industry. Space Frontier Foundation helps organize this event by providing consultation and operational support.
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IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp/Desc0Space Based Solar Power As part of this focus on translating the value of space beyond the space community, The Foundation identified an area where space capabilities are underperforming in funding, attention, support, press, and general public awareness relative to non-space alternatives - next generation power generation and distribution. The Space Frontier Foundation chartered a team to investigate the reasons for this perception gap, understand the buyers/consumers, and facilitate collaboration to increase the consideration of a space derived energy option.
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IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt023498
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IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportAmt0194284
IRS990/ScheduleBRequiredInd0false
IRS990ScheduleI/GrantRecordsMaintainedInd0true
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/CashGrantAmt07500
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/IRCSectionDesc0IRC 501c3
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/RecipientBusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0Beyond Earth Institute
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/RecipientEIN0999999999
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0780 Riverside Dr Apt 9A
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/USAddress/CityNm0New York
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0NY
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/USAddress/ZIPCd010032
IRS990/ScheduleJRequiredInd0false
IRS990/ScheduleORequiredInd0true
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0Reports and forms reviewed by chairs and officers, then distributed generally by email to the Board of Directors prior to meeting.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt1All Documents are available upon request and from the organzation website.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt2Travel Meal expenses not directly related to organizations exempt purpose may not be fully deductible
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt3Software Subscription $16,375 Facilities and Office Related $147 Conference Space Rental $787 Storage Rental $1,546 Postage $105 Printing $31 Office Expenses $97 Legal Fees $30 Accounting $12,971 Consulting $46,434
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Form 990 governing body review Part VI line 11
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc1Governing documents etc available to public Part VI line 19
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc2Explanation of other changes in net assets or fund balances Part XI line 9
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc3List of other fees for services expenses Part IX line 11g
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IRS990/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0DC
IRS990/USAddress/ZIPCd020004
IRS990/VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt0250
IRS990/VotingMembersIndependentCnt0250
IRS990/WebsiteAddressTxt0www.spacefrontier.org
IRS990/WhistleblowerPolicyInd0false
ReturnHeader/BuildTS02025-03-06 01:10:19Z
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd0false
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonNm0SEAN MAHONEY
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonTitleTxt0Director
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PhoneNum04042295848
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/SignatureDt02025-08-29
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0Space Frontier Foundation Inc
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessNameControlTxt0SPAC
ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN0133542980
ReturnHeader/Filer/InCareOfNm0% Sean Mahoney
ReturnHeader/Filer/PhoneNum04042295848
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt01455 Pennsylvania Ave NW Suite 400
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/CityNm0Washington
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0DC
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ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmEIN0460821378
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0Trivium Tax and Compliance Inc
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt0333 W Maude Ave Ste 207
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/CityNm0Sunnyvale
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0CA
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/ZIPCd094085
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PhoneNum04089400975
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparationDt02025-08-29
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparerPersonNm0OKAN UGUR
ReturnHeader/ReturnTs02025-08-29T12:01:00-04:00
ReturnHeader/ReturnTypeCd0990
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDt02024-01-01
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDt02024-12-31
ReturnHeader/TaxYr02024

Document Assets

No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.

Filings

Displayed year

2024 • Form 990Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.

Open filing
Assets
$367,730
Liabilities
$0
Net assets
$367,730
Revenue
$123,469
Expenses
$213,248
Net income
-$89,779
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$0.37$0.00$0.37$0.12$0.21$0.09
2023Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.46$0.00$0.46$0.02$0.19$0.16
2022Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.62$0.00$0.62$0.06$0.34$0.28
2021Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.90$0.00$0.90$1.01$0.16$0.85
2020Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.05$0.00$0.05$0.04$0.02$0.02
2019Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.03$0.00$0.03$0.21$0.23$0.02
2018Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.05$0.00$0.05$0.43$0.38$0.05
2017Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.10$0.00$0.10$0.52$0.55$0.03
2016Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.01$0.00$0.01$0.38$0.49$0.10
2015Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.15$0.04$0.11$0.21$0.19$0.02
2014Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.09$0.00$0.09$0.20$0.18$0.02
2013Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.07$0.00$0.07$0.35$0.39$0.03
2012Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.10$0.00$0.10$0.59$0.56$0.03
2011Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.07$0.00$0.07$0.39$0.42$0.03