Civic Intelligence

Primary Source Inc

EIN 04-2911053 • 501(c)3 • Watertown, MA

Profile

The goal of the agency is to promote history and humanities education by connecting educators. In partnership with teachers, scholars, and the broader community, the agency provides learning opportunities and curriculum resources for k-12 educators. By introducing global content, the agency shapes the way teachers and students learn, so that their knowledge is deeper and their thinking is flexible and open to inquiry. Primary source has partnership contracts with 50 schools and school districts for professional development programs in history and humanities.

63 Pleasant Street 2nd FloorWatertown, MA 02472

www.primarysource.org

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

83rd percentile

0.40x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 83% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Liabilities / Revenue

82nd percentile

0.31x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 82% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Net Margin

30th percentile

-5.1%

Higher net margin than 30% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Top Officer Pay

96th percentile

$187,195

Higher top officer pay than 96% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 19.2% of source-year revenue.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Asset Growth

35th percentile

-2.1%

Faster asset growth than 35% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Revenue Growth

24th percentile

-12%

Faster revenue growth than 24% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets83rd percentile

Assets

Down

$758,243

Down $16,293 (-2.1%) from 2023

Liabilities

Up

$304,966

Up $33,036 (+12%) from 2023

Net Assets

Down

$453,277

Down $49,329 (-9.8%) from 2023

Operations
Liabilities / Revenue82nd percentileNet Margin30th percentile

Revenue

Down

$973,055

Down $133,298 (-12%) from 2023

Expenses

Down

$1,022,384

Down $108,238 (-9.6%) from 2023

Net Income

Down

-$49,329

Down $25,060 (-103%) from 2023

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth35th percentile

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$3.0M$2.0M$1.0M$0Assets 2010: $2,502,944Liabilities 2010: $71,376Net Assets 2010: $2,431,5682010Assets 2011: $2,199,010Liabilities 2011: $64,616Net Assets 2011: $2,134,3942011Assets 2012: $1,920,824Liabilities 2012: $63,517Net Assets 2012: $1,857,3072012Assets 2013: $1,584,853Liabilities 2013: $46,558Net Assets 2013: $1,538,2952013Assets 2014: $1,271,253Liabilities 2014: $42,299Net Assets 2014: $1,228,9542014Assets 2015: $686,430Liabilities 2015: $23,055Net Assets 2015: $663,3752015Assets 2016: $347,056Liabilities 2016: $25,288Net Assets 2016: $321,7682016Assets 2017: $435,969Liabilities 2017: $35,444Net Assets 2017: $400,5252017Assets 2018: $437,925Liabilities 2018: $20,730Net Assets 2018: $417,1952018Assets 2019: $428,544Liabilities 2019: $289,898Net Assets 2019: $138,6462019Assets 2020: $548,783Liabilities 2020: $338,900Net Assets 2020: $209,8832020Assets 2021: $560,849Liabilities 2021: $197,795Net Assets 2021: $363,0542021Assets 2022: $856,607Liabilities 2022: $329,732Net Assets 2022: $526,8752022Assets 2023: $774,536Liabilities 2023: $271,930Net Assets 2023: $502,6062023Assets 2024: $758,243Liabilities 2024: $304,966Net Assets 2024: $453,2772024

Highlighted filing

2024

Assets$758,243
Liabilities$304,966
Net Assets$453,277
Open 2024 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth24th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$2.0M$1.0M$0-$1.0MExpenses 2010: $1,517,2932010Expenses 2011: $1,721,7922011Expenses 2012: $1,617,1552012Revenue 2013: $1,221,837Expenses 2013: $1,555,929Net Income 2013: -$334,0922013Revenue 2014: $1,107,910Expenses 2014: $1,416,519Net Income 2014: -$308,6092014Revenue 2015: $996,699Expenses 2015: $1,548,098Net Income 2015: -$551,3992015Revenue 2016: $1,095,911Expenses 2016: $1,419,328Net Income 2016: -$323,4172016Revenue 2017: $1,333,130Expenses 2017: $1,240,802Net Income 2017: $92,3282017Revenue 2018: $916,323Expenses 2018: $899,653Net Income 2018: $16,6702018Revenue 2019: $798,465Expenses 2019: $881,847Net Income 2019: -$83,3822019Revenue 2020: $1,015,692Expenses 2020: $944,455Net Income 2020: $71,2372020Revenue 2021: $1,214,924Expenses 2021: $1,061,753Net Income 2021: $153,1712021Revenue 2022: $1,269,755Expenses 2022: $1,105,934Net Income 2022: $163,8212022Revenue 2023: $1,106,353Expenses 2023: $1,130,622Net Income 2023: -$24,2692023Revenue 2024: $973,055Expenses 2024: $1,022,384Net Income 2024: -$49,3292024

Highlighted filing

2024

Revenue$973,055
Expenses$1,022,384
Net Income-$49,329
Open 2024 Filing

Filings

Most recent year

2024 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$758,243
Liabilities
$304,966
Net assets
$453,277
Revenue
$973,055
Expenses
$1,022,384
Net income
-$49,329
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.76$0.30$0.45$0.97$1.02$0.05
2023Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.77$0.27$0.50$1.11$1.13$0.02
2022Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.86$0.33$0.53$1.27$1.11$0.16
2021XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$0.56$0.20$0.36$1.21$1.06$0.15
2020XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$0.55$0.34$0.21$1.02$0.94$0.07
2019Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.43$0.29$0.14$0.80$0.88$0.08
2018Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.44$0.02$0.42$0.92$0.90$0.02
2017XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$0.44$0.04$0.40$1.33$1.24$0.09
2016Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.35$0.03$0.32$1.10$1.42$0.32
2015Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.69$0.02$0.66$1.00$1.55$0.55
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$1.27$0.04$1.23$1.11$1.42$0.31
2013Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$1.58$0.05$1.54$1.22$1.56$0.33
2012Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$1.92$0.06$1.86$1.62
2011Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$2.20$0.06$2.13$1.72
2010XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$2.50$0.07$2.43$1.52
Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024
Signed
Aug 7, 2025
Return Version
2024v5.2
Gross Receipts
$986,689
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

The goal of the agency is to promote history and humanities education by connecting educators. In partnership with teachers, scholars, and the broader community, the agency provides learning opportunities and curriculum resources for k-12 educators. By introducing global content, the agency shapes the way teachers and students learn, so that their knowledge is deeper and their thinking is flexible and open to inquiry. Primary source has partnership contracts with 50 schools and school districts for professional development programs in history and humanities.

Primary source educates global citizens by working with teachers to foster students' knowledge, skills, and dispositions for thoughtful and engaged citizenship. With our guidance and resources, teachers cultivate students' civic-mindedness, cultural awareness, and global educational programs.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$377,213$368,021▼ $9,192
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$127,064$179,318▲ $52,254
Intangible Assets$2,124$53,473▲ $51,349
Accounts Receivable$134,900$47,986▼ $86,914
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities$35,526$35,526→ $0
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$14,318$24,594▲ $10,276
Total Assets$774,536$758,243▼ $16,293
Other Assets Total$83,391$49,325▼ $34,066
Liabilities
Deferred Revenue$132,133$232,187▲ $100,054
Other Liabilities$97,746$56,473▼ $41,273
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$42,051$16,306▼ $25,745
Total Liabilities$271,930$304,966▲ $33,036
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$436,620$417,751▼ $18,869
Net Assets With Donor Restrictions$65,986$35,526▼ $30,460
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$502,606$453,277▼ $49,329
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$774,536$758,243▼ $16,293

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Other Assets Org$49,325--

Endowment Activity

PeriodBeginningContrib.Gain/LossOther UsesEnd
2024$35,526---$35,526
2023$35,526---$35,526
2022$35,526---$35,526
2021$35,526---$35,526
2020$35,417-▲ $109-$35,526
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay96th percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
Jennifer NigroExecutive DirectorFT$147,384$39,811$187,195
Deborah CunninghamSenior Program DirectorFT$107,851$4,083$111,934

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Rosemary Hoey-pisanoPresident
Whitney Mcknight Thru 092024Vice President
Anne WattDirector
Caddie Nath-folsomDirector
Dr Dan GreenDirector
Joia KirbyDirector
William FlemerDirector
Mike MacewenTreasurer
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$251,514
Program Service Revenue
$717,668
Investment Income
$4,497
Other Revenue
$-624
All Other Contributions
$232,707
Change in Net Assets
$-49,329
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$757,057
Other Expenses$265,327
Total Fundraising Expense$149,055
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$333,903$71,101$80,650$485,654
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$112,317$37,439$37,439$187,195
Fees for Services Other$72,853$57,778-$130,631
Payroll Taxes$33,835$8,117$8,870$50,822
Occupancy$33,289$7,986$8,727$50,002
Office Expenses$25,391$3,395$3,710$32,496
Fees for Services Accounting-$23,000-$23,000
Other Employee Benefits$14,086$2,052$2,682$18,820
Pension Plan Contributions$10,009$2,135$2,422$14,566
Conferences and Meetings$6,674--$6,674
Travel$3,230$268$1,000$4,498
Depreciation Depletion$2,431$584$637$3,652
Advertising$1,669$30$1,455$3,154
Insurance$1,885$358-$2,243
Other Expenses$381$17$110$398
Total Functional Expenses$658,205$215,124$149,055$1,022,384
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
Yes
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Fundraising Direct Expenses$13,634
Fundraising Gross Income$9,960
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Fundraising Events

EventGross ReceiptsGross RevenueDirect ExpensesNet Income
Annual Benefit$28,767$9,960$3,730$6,230
Total Events$28,767$9,960$13,634$-3,674
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Operating Lease Liability$56,473
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
Yes
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
No
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11B

“A copy of form 990 is sent to the finance committee for review and is then forwarded on to the board of directors for approval before it is filed.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12C

“Board members are required to sign off on conflict of interest policies annually. These are maintained by the hr and administration office. Once new members have been added to the board, they are required to fill out and sign a conflict of interest policy. The secretary of the board ensures that all members have signed off on the conflict of interest policy.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15A

“When the executive director was first hired, a committee met to determine her compensation based on comparable organizations. An annual review and evaluation is completed by the board of directors. She has received cost of living adjustment since her initial salary was determined.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19

“Primary source makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy, and financial statements available to the public upon request.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Primary Source Inc
EIN
04-2911053
Phone
6179239933
Address
63 PLEASANT STREET 2ND FLOOR, WATERTOWN, MA 02472

Signing Officer

Name
Jennifer Nigro
Title
Executive Director
Phone
6179239933
Signed
2025-08-07
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Jennifer Nigro
Formed
1989
Legal Domicile
Ma
Voting Board Members
8
Independent Board Members
8
Employees
10
Volunteers
8

Preparer

Firm
Pozerski Hatch & Company
Address
100 LEDGEWOOD PLACE SUITE 304, ROCKLAND, MA 02370
Preparer
Christopher Ernest
Phone
7814801430
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Form 990, Part IX, Line 11G

“Consultants: program service expenses 72,853. Management and general expenses 0. Fundraising expenses 0. Total expenses 72,853. Professional fees: program service expenses 0. Management and general expenses 57,778. Fundraising expenses 0. Total expenses 57,778.”

Raw XML AppendixShowing 400 of 511 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

Path#Value
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IRS990/ActivityOrMissionDesc0PRIMARY SOURCE EDUCATES GLOBAL CITIZENS BY WORKING WITH TEACHERS TO FOSTER STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, AND DISPOSITIONS FOR THOUGHTFUL AND ENGAGED CITIZENSHIP. WITH OUR GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES, TEACHERS CULTIVATE STUDENTS' CIVIC-MINDEDNESS, CULTURAL AWARENESS, AND GLOBAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS.
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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt1DIRECTOR
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt2TREASURER
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt3DIRECTOR
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt4VICE PRESIDENT
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt5DIRECTOR
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt6DIRECTOR
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt7DIRECTOR
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt8EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt9SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR
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IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp/BeginningYearBalanceAmt035526
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IRS990ScheduleJ/CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd00
IRS990ScheduleJ/EquityBasedCompArrngmInd00
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