Liabilities / Assets
88th percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 88% of similar nonprofits.
EIN 04-2103591 • 501(c)3 • Boston, MA
Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.
Liabilities / Assets
88th percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 88% of similar nonprofits.
Liabilities / Revenue
83rd percentile
Higher debt load relative to revenue than 83% of similar nonprofits.
Net Margin
46th percentile
Higher net margin than 46% of similar nonprofits.
Top Officer Pay
72nd percentile
Higher top officer pay than 72% of similar nonprofits.
Top officer pay equals 0.5% of source-year revenue.
Asset Growth
91st percentile
Faster asset growth than 91% of similar nonprofits.
Revenue Growth
52nd percentile
Faster revenue growth than 52% of similar nonprofits.
Assets
Up$523,876,840
Up $105,996,572 (+25%) from 2017
Liabilities
Up$493,098,652
Up $82,575,443 (+20%) from 2017
Net Assets
Up$30,778,188
Up $23,421,129 (+318%) from 2017
Revenue
Up$299,721,576
Up $20,782,831 (+7.5%) from 2017
Expenses
Up$292,087,720
Up $15,989,312 (+5.8%) from 2017
Net Income
Up$7,633,856
Up $4,793,519 (+169%) from 2017
Most recent year
2018 • Form 990Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.
SEE SCHEDULE O.
| Line | Beginning | End | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | |||
| Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net | $153,916,970 | $150,741,763 | ▼ $3,175,207 |
| Accounts Receivable | $30,816,896 | $27,145,913 | ▼ $3,670,983 |
| Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts | $1,507,830 | $10,406,351 | ▲ $8,898,521 |
| Inventories for Sale or Use | $4,835,627 | $6,596,220 | ▲ $1,760,593 |
| Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges | $5,161,230 | $5,046,315 | ▼ $114,915 |
| Savings and Temporary Cash Investments | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Other Notes and Loans Receivable, Net | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Pledges and Grants Receivable | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Receivable From Disqualified Prsn | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Receivables From Officers Etc | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Investments Other Securities | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Investments Program Related | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Investments in Publicly Traded Securities | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Intangible Assets | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Loans From Officers Directors | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Total Assets | $417,880,268 | $523,876,840 | ▲ $105,996,572 |
| Other Assets Total | $221,641,715 | $323,940,278 | ▲ $102,298,563 |
| Liabilities | |||
| Other Liabilities | $179,505,238 | $274,172,762 | ▲ $94,667,524 |
| Tax Exempt Bond Liabilities | $124,421,361 | $138,562,557 | ▲ $14,141,196 |
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | $95,705,517 | $71,615,600 | ▼ $24,089,917 |
| Deferred Revenue | $10,891,093 | $8,747,733 | ▼ $2,143,360 |
| Grants Payable | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Mortgage Notes Payable Secured by Investment Property | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Unsecured Notes Loans Payable | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Escrow Account Liability | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Total Liabilities | $410,523,209 | $493,098,652 | ▲ $82,575,443 |
| Net Assets / Fund Balance | |||
| Unrestricted Net Assets | $7,357,059 | $30,778,188 | ▲ $23,421,129 |
| Permanently Rstr Net Assets | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Temporarily Rstr Net Assets | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Total Net Assets Fund Balance | $7,357,059 | $30,778,188 | ▲ $23,421,129 |
| Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance | $417,880,268 | $523,876,840 | ▲ $105,996,572 |
| Asset | Book Value | Depreciation | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buildings | $58,135,335 | $144,899,265 | $203,034,600 |
| Equipment | $60,290,438 | $125,924,007 | $186,214,445 |
| Leasehold Improvements | $14,163,320 | $5,095,082 | $19,258,402 |
| Other Land Buildings | $17,617,346 | $10,623 | $17,627,969 |
| Land | $535,324 | - | $535,324 |
| Other Assets Org | $3,747,016 | - | - |
| Period | Beginning | Contrib. | Gain/Loss | Other Uses | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | $73,437,271 | $3,101,773 | ▲ $24,134,233 | $3,675,186 | $95,975,253 |
| 2016 | $72,460,656 | $10,372,206 | ▲ $4,293,494 | $12,552,747 | $73,437,271 |
| 2015 | $72,613,174 | $1,960,347 | ▲ $2,728,854 | $3,796,280 | $72,460,656 |
| 2014 | $78,511,651 | $1,229,040 | ▼ $274,466 | $5,028,553 | $72,613,174 |
| 2013 | $87,204,661 | $746,394 | ▲ $5,114,694 | $12,790,645 | $78,511,651 |
| Name | Title | Full / Part Time | Base | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John R Fernandez | President | FT | $742,730 | $630,087 | $1,372,817 |
| Carolann Williams | CFO & VP Finance and Admin | FT | $426,681 | $84,311 | $510,992 |
| Martha Pyle Farrell | Asst Secretary | FT | $327,122 | $98,761 | $425,883 |
| Jennifer Street | VP Communications & Planning | FT | $341,418 | $76,741 | $418,159 |
| Jeffrey J Pike | Chief Operating Officer | FT | $296,587 | $100,933 | $397,520 |
| Eileen O Lowell | CNO & VP Pat Care Svs | FT | $276,414 | $60,576 | $336,990 |
| Melissa M Paul | Chief Development Officer | FT | $246,972 | $85,186 | $332,158 |
| Kenneth Holmes | CFO Meea | PT | $235,509 | $89,900 | $325,409 |
| Debra Rogers | VP Ophthalmology | PT | $241,740 | $76,351 | $318,091 |
| Rachel Wasserstrom | VP Otolaryngology | PT | $254,648 | $56,908 | $311,556 |
| Michael Ricci | Chief Information Officer | FT | $225,221 | $46,587 | $271,808 |
| Glenn W Bunting | Voice & Speech Clinical Director | FT | $192,560 | $25,394 | $217,954 |
| Maureen Kelley | Asst Secretary (until 5/18) | FT | $177,987 | $39,702 | $217,689 |
| Barbara J Scully | Director Prof Rev Cycle | PT | $184,165 | $29,589 | $213,754 |
| Leo J Hill | Deputy CIO | FT | $186,294 | $13,465 | $199,759 |
| Robin Switzer | Director of Human Resources | FT | $183,390 | $13,766 | $197,156 |
| Ralph T Pelosi | Director Facilities Planning | FT | $186,845 | $10,042 | $196,887 |
| Name | Title |
|---|---|
| Wycliffe Grousbeck | Chair |
| Charles De Gunzberg | Director |
| D Bradley Welling | Director |
| Dewalt Pete Ankeny | Director |
| Diane E Kaneb | Director |
| Eugene Hill | Director |
| Harvey Freishtat | Director |
| James Carlisle | Director |
| Joan W Miller Md | Director |
| Robert Atchinson | Director |
| Robert Knapp | Director |
| Thomas Lauer | Director |
| Tina Smith | Director |
| Katrine Bosley | Director (since 12/17) |
| Keith D Lillemoe Md | Director (since 7/18) |
| Thomas Sequist Md | Director (since 7/18) |
| Annette Nova | Director (until 12/17) |
| Jonathan Kutchins | Director (until 12/17) |
| William Roman | Director (until 12/17) |
| Sunil Eappen Md | Chief Medical Officer |
| Lyle Howland | Secretary |
| Jonathan Uhrig | Treasurer |
| Contractor | Services | Location | Compensation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bond Brothers INC | Construction | 10 CABOT RD STE 300, Medford, MA 02155 | $1,061,976 |
| Fish And Richardson PC | Legal | PO BOX 3295, Boston, MA 02241 | $744,120 |
| Medical Record Associates INC | Medical Records | 2 BATTERYMARCH PARK 204, Quincy, MA 02169 | $681,084 |
| Kpmg LLP | Consulting | 550 SOUTH HOPE STE 1500, Los Angeles, CA 90071 | $640,619 |
| Pricewaterhousecoopers LLP | Audit And Tax | PO BOX 7247-8001, Philadelphia, PA 19170 | $636,125 |
| Line Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Other Expenses | $153,787,273 |
| Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits | $118,670,627 |
| Grants and Similar Amounts Paid | $19,510,604 |
| Total Fundraising Expense | $2,723,969 |
| Professional Fundraising Fees | $119,216 |
| Line Item | Program | Management | Fundraising | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other Salaries and Wages | $68,598,706 | $19,771,778 | $1,655,367 | $90,025,851 |
| Depreciation Depletion | $15,017,258 | $7,263,498 | - | $22,280,756 |
| Grants to Domestic Orgs | $19,250,764 | - | - | $19,250,764 |
| All Other Expenses | $12,259,710 | $4,505,538 | $249,437 | $17,014,685 |
| Occupancy | $1,300,048 | $12,012,894 | $11 | $13,312,953 |
| Other Employee Benefits | $10,234,053 | $2,406,130 | $283,981 | $12,924,164 |
| Payroll Taxes | $6,547,498 | $1,961,145 | $174,954 | $8,683,597 |
| Other Expenses | $3,892,476 | $1,882,700 | $13,330 | $5,775,176 |
| Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees | $1,764,801 | $3,507,922 | - | $5,272,723 |
| Interest | $3,108,049 | $1,503,291 | - | $4,611,340 |
| Information Technology | $2,899,455 | $1,637,327 | $12,000 | $4,548,782 |
| Fees for Services Other | $2,472,429 | $735,099 | - | $3,207,528 |
| Fees for Services Legal | $130,145 | $2,564,262 | - | $2,694,407 |
| Office Expenses | $786,220 | $1,079,770 | $141,049 | $2,007,039 |
| Insurance | $69,504 | $1,929,539 | - | $1,999,043 |
| Pension Plan Contributions | $1,355,270 | $372,361 | $36,661 | $1,764,292 |
| Travel | $925,890 | $250,203 | $37,908 | $1,214,001 |
| Advertising | $18,909 | $680,473 | - | $699,382 |
| Conferences and Meetings | $206,262 | $103,371 | - | $309,633 |
| Fees for Services Accounting | $1,387 | $262,578 | - | $263,965 |
| Foreign Grants | $259,840 | - | - | $259,840 |
| Fees for Services Professional Fundraising | - | - | $119,216 | $119,216 |
| Fees for Services Lobbying | - | $78,925 | - | $78,925 |
| Total Functional Expenses | $222,190,714 | $67,173,037 | $2,723,969 | $292,087,720 |
| Recipient | Location | Category | Purpose | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass Eye & Ear Associates | Boston, MA | 501(c)(3) | - | $15,083,409 |
| Bionic Eye Technologies Inc | Fishkill, NY | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $1,106,959 |
| Massachusetts General Hospital | Boston, MA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $800,296 |
| President & Fellows of Harvard | Cambridge, MA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $426,941 |
| BRIGHAM & WOMEN'S HOSPITAL | Boston, MA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $309,529 |
| Schepens Eye Research Institute | Boston, MA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $271,961 |
| Rhode Island Hospital | Providence, RI | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $219,902 |
| Case Western Reserve University | Cleveland, OH | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $106,924 |
| Worcester Polytechnic Institute | Worcester, MA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $98,339 |
| Portland Va Research Foundation Inc | Portland, OR | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $97,243 |
| Vanderbilt University | Nashville, TN | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $92,846 |
| University of Wisconsin | Madison, WI | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $87,696 |
| BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL | Boston, MA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $82,588 |
| Johns Hopkins U School of Med | Baltimore, MD | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $74,947 |
| Pennsylvania State University | Hershey, PA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $58,232 |
| Ohio State University | Columbus, OH | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $52,572 |
| University of Michigan | Ann Arbor MI, MI | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $39,156 |
| Nyu Lagone Medical Center | New York, NY | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $36,222 |
| Charles Stark Draper Laboratory | Cambridge, MA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $36,131 |
| Duke University | Durham, NC | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $30,130 |
| University of Maine | Oreno, ME | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $27,820 |
| University of Iowa | Iowa City, IA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $27,033 |
| NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL | Columbus, OH | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $25,352 |
| University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia, PA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $23,548 |
| Wills Eye Hospital | Philadelphia, PA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $14,603 |
| Stanford University | Palo Alto, CA | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $13,269 |
| University of Miami | Miami, FL | 501(c)(3) | Basic Research | $7,116 |
| Region | Activity | Services | Offices | Employees | Spending |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) | Grantmaking | Conference | - | - | $252,867 |
| Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) | Program Services | Conference | - | - | $124,987 |
| East Asia and the Pacific | Program Services | Conference | - | - | $56,084 |
| South Asia | Program Services | Conference | - | - | $15,257 |
| South America | Program Services | Conference | - | - | $14,057 |
| North America | Program Services | Conference | - | - | $8,757 |
| North America | Grantmaking | Conference | - | - | $6,973 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | Program Services | Conference | - | - | $3,774 |
| Central America and the Caribbean | Program Services | - | - | - | $2,907 |
| Middle East and North Africa | Program Services | Conference | - | - | $1,729 |
| Russia and the Newly Independent States | Program Services | - | - | - | $1,451 |
| Line Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Professional Fundraising Fees | $119,216 |
| Fundraising Direct Expenses | $0 |
| Fundraising Gross Income | $0 |
| Gaming Direct Expenses | $0 |
| Gaming Gross Income | $0 |
| Interested Party | Relationship | Description | Shared Revenue | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joan Miller Md | Drctr Is Licensor to Org | Patent License Proceeds | No | $170,004 |
| Line Item | Beginning | End | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loans from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Receivables from Disqualified Persons | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Receivables from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees | $0 | $0 | → $0 |
| Liability | Amount |
|---|---|
| Due to Affiliates | $264,125,065 |
| Professional Liability Reserve | $4,389,054 |
| Estimate 3rd Party Settlement | $4,062,849 |
| Tax Deferred Liability | $1,595,794 |
| Bond | Issuer | Issued | Issue Price | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Massachussetts Development Finance Agency | 2015-12-30 | $70,394,000 | Refndng(2010)&facility improvement |
| Bond | Total Proceeds | Spent | Retired | Issuance Costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | $70,394,000 | $15,079,333 | $1,270,463 | $441,892 |
“THE INFIRMARY'S BYLAWS STATE THE FOLLOWING: THERE SHALL BE AN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CONSISTING OF THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE SERVING AS MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MEMBER. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL HAVE THE POWER TO TRANSACT ALL EMERGENCY BUSINESS OF THE CORPORATION DURING THE PERIOD BETWEEN THE MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL ALSO TRANSACT SUCH BUSINESS, PERFORM SUCH DUTIES, AND EXERCISE SUCH POWERS AS MAY BE DIRECTED OR DELEGATED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FROM TME TO TIME. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL KEEP A RECORD OF ITS PROCEEDINGS. ALL ACTIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL BE REPORTED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT ITS NEXT REGULAR MEETING. FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 6 The Foundation is the sole member of the Infirmary. Effective April 1, 2018, Partners Healthcare System, Inc.(Partners) became the sole member of the Foundation. As a result the Foundation and its affiliated entities became part of the comprehensive, integrated healthcare system organized and operated by Partners that includes hospitals, physicians, charitable, scientific, educational, research and other Partners affiliated organizations.”
“The governor of the commonwealth has the authority to appoint two directors. The bylaws of the infirmary state that the remaining directors are those individuals serving as directors of its sole member, the foundation of the massachusetts eye and ear infirmary, inc. ("the foundation"). Form 990, part vi, line 7b the foundation is the sole member of the infirmary and retains the authority to make decisions regarding the infirmary. Form 990, part vi, line 11b the infirmary's form 990 is prepared by pricewaterhousecoopers, llp using information prepared by management. After the form 990 is completed, it is reviewed by the manager of investments and foundation accounting. The form 990 is then presented to the finance committee for review and approval as authorized by the board of directors. The board of directors are also given the form 990 for review with time to submit comments and questions before final filing. Form 990, part vi, line 12c members of the staff are required to disclose conflicts of interest to their chief of service or department and director of laboratory/unit. Members of the board of directors are required to disclose annually, in writing, any interests that could give rise to conflicts. The office of the internal legal counsel obtains and reviews the annual conflicts of interest statements submitted by members of the board of directors, and reports on the same to the audit and compliance committee of the board. With respect to interests disclosed by board members that could give rise to conflicts of interest, the internal legal counsel reviews all transactions between such interests and affiliates of the infirmary, to determine whether these transactions were conducted at arm's length. Form 990, part vi, line 15 the chairman of the compensation committee of the board of the infirmary presents a recommendation to the compensation committee who have final approval of the ceo's base salary and bonus amount. The ceo recommends the salaries of the chiefs and vice presidents to the compensation committee of the board who has final authorization to approve it. Compensation of those at the director level, including the director of professional revenue cycle, director of facilities planning, and chief information officer is reviewed and approved by the vice president of operations. The compensation committee meeting was held on november 15, 2017. Total compensation for the ceo, chiefs and vice presidents, including bonus payments, including comparability data, is analyzed by independent compensation consultants and is determined to be reasonable.”
“Summarized financial statements are available on the infirmary's website: www.masseyeandear.org. Audited financial statements are available upon request. The infirmary's governing documents and form 990 are available upon request. The conflict of interest policy is also available upon request.”
“THE MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY ("THE INFIRMARY") IS A NOT-FOR-PROFIT TEACHING HOSPITAL CONDUCTING PATIENT CARE AND RESEARCH. THE INFIRMARY IS A TEACHING HOSPITAL OF HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL AND AN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH. IT HAS THE MOST COMPETITIVE PROGRAM IN THE COUNTRY FOR EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE WORLD'S LARGEST OPHTHALMIC FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. IT IS PART OF A SYSTEM OF RELATED ENTITIES THAT PROVIDE SPECIALIZED MEDICAL CARE COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS "MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY" ("MEEI"). FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A: Massachusetts Eye and Ear is a specialty hospital dedicated to excellence in the care of disorders that affect the eye, ear, nose, throat and adjacent regions of the head and neck. World-renowned for care, research and teaching in these areas of expertise, Mass. Eye and Ear physicians and scientists are driven by a mission to find cures for blindness and deafness. In the 2018-2019 "Best Hospitals Survey," U.S. News & World Report again ranked Mass. Eye and Ear a top hospital in the nation: #4 for eye care and #6 for ear, nose and throat care. The commitment to provide compassionate and accessible patient care continued with the expansion to twenty clinical care locations in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. In 2018 Mass. Eye and Ear became a proud member of the Partners HealthCare system. This integration has and will continue to allow for a more seamless sharing of some of the centralized services Partners extends to its entities, including PeopleSoft (enterprise resource planning) and Epic (unified patient care system). CLINICAL HIGHLIGHTS DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY - FACULTY HIRES Paolo Bispo, PhD Yihe Chen, MD Deborah Jacobs, MD Lynette Johns, OD Patrick Lee, OD Courtney Ondeck, MD, MPhil Elizabeth Rossin, MD, PhD Bart Chwalisz, MD (part-time) David Sola-Del Valle, MD Allison Soneru, MD Aisha Traish, MD Tav van Zyl, MD Nazlee Zebardast, MD, MSc Department of Ophthalmology - Faculty Appointments Professor of Ophthalmology Eric Pierce, MD, PhD: William F. Chatlos Professor of Ophthalmology Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Dean Cestari, MD Jack Greiner, MS, OD, DO, PhD (Part-time) Tatjana Jakobs, MD George Papaliodis, MD Luk Vandenberghe, PhD Mary Aronow, MD Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology Petr Baranov, MD, PhD Jason Comander, MD, PhD Tobias Elze, PhD Kevin Houston, OD, MSc Charles Leahy, OD, MS (Part-time) John B. Miller, MD Ayellet Segr, MSc, PhD Brian Song, MD Yoshihiro Yonekawa, MD Instructor in Ophthalmology Paulo Bispo, PhD Yihe Chen, MD Department of Otolaryngology - Faculty Hires Full-time Medical Staff Dunia E. Abdul-Aziz, MD Craig A. Jones, MD Matthew R. Naunheim, MD Michael D. Otremba, MD Research Faculty Daniel L. Faden, MD Srinivas Vinod Saladi, PhD Community-based Medical Staff Pamela S. Jones, MD Vishnu Kannabiran, MD Geoffrey E. Leber, MD, FACS George A. Scangas, MD Department of Otolaryngology - Faculty Appointments Professor Mark A. Varvares, MD Associate Professor Stacey T. Gray, MD Kristina Simonyan, MD, PhD, Dr med Assistant Professor Alicia M. Quesnel, MD Anne E. Takesian, PhD Department of Otolaryngology - Other Promotions/New Leadership Jean Bruch, DMD, MD, was named director of the Norman Knight Hyperbaric Medicine Center Nate Jowett, MD, FRCSC, was named director of the Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory Faisal Karmali, PhD, and Richard F. Lewis, MD, were named co-directors of the Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory Konstantina M. Stankovic, MD, PhD, FACS, was promoted to director of the Division of Otology and Neurotology Department of Anesthesiology - Faculty Hires Melina Hutchison, CRNA Timothy Riley, CRNA Department of Anesthesiology - Faculty Promotions Alvaro Andres Macias, MD: Associate Clinical Director; Assistant Professor, Active Staff Mass Eye and Ear Iuliu Fat, MD: Associate Medical Director for Preoperative Evaluation and Testing; Associate Anesthesiologist, Active Staff, Mass Eye and Ear Gustavo Lozad”
“Department of Ophthalmology AMD Center of Excellence Researchers Identify Potential Blood Markers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Research conducted by a team of Mass. Eye and Ear investigators showed that metabolomics can be used to identify potential blood biomarkers for AMD, including its severity stages. Metabolomics is the study of circulating metabolites in our body that reflect our genes and the effect of the environment and, therefore, are thought to closely represent the true functional state of complex diseases, including AMD. In collaboration with the University of Coimbra and colleagues at the Channing Division of Network Medicine of Brigham and Women's Hospital, the researchers-including Deeba Husain, MD, and Joan W. Miller, MD-studied blood samples from 90 patients with AMD and identified 87 metabolites that were significantly different when compared to those without AMD. They also note varying characteristics among the blood profiles at each stage of the disease. The most significant metabolites are involved in lipid metabolism, particularly via the glycerophospholipid pathway. This work supports research suggesting that lipids may be involved in the pathogenesis of AMD, although the exact role of lipids in the disease process remains unclear. The results from this study indicate that metabolomics profiling may provide novel insights into the relationship between lipids and AMD. These findings may lead to earlier diagnosis and better prognostic information for patients, and, potentially, new targets for AMD treatment. Cornea Center of Excellence New Strategy May Help Promote Corneal Allograft Survival Mass. Eye and Ear researchers led by senior author Reza Dana, MD, MPH, MSc, have developed a potential new strategy for improving outcomes in corneal transplant surgeries by injecting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) into the eye. The team reports for the first time that injection of the neuropeptide VIP directly into the eyes of mice enhanced corneal graft survival. The study shows that VIP produced other benefits, including acceleration of endothelial wound closure, protection of corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs), and improved corneal graft clarity. If proven successful in clinical studies, this novel approach may help alleviate vision loss in many patients with corneal disease. Diabetic Eye Disease Center of Excellence Imaging May Offer New Insights into Disease Progression of Diabetic Choroidopathy According to a study led by John B. Miller, MD new imaging modalities, such as swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), may help researchers understand how the choroidal vasculature contributes to diabetic eye disease. The cross-sectional study used SS-OCT, a novel OCT device that enables imaging the choroid with better resolution, and studied patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Choroidal vascular density (CVD) and choroidal vascular volume (CVV) were introduced as new quantitative parameters to assess the choroidal vasculature. Study results demonstrated that diabetic eyes with diabetic macular edema or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) demonstrated a reduced CVD, as compared to controls. Additionally, eyes with PDR also demonstrated reduced CVV. These results suggest that vascular abnormalities accumulate with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. This study also emphasizes that a diabetic choroidopathy (i.e. changes in the choroidal vasculature) probably occurs simultaneously with changes in the retinal vasculature, even though it is still not clear if this is a primary or secondary event. Elucidating the relationship between diabetic choroidopathy and retinopathy is essential for a more complete understanding of diabetic eye disease, and to improve its prognosis and treatment. Glaucoma Center of Excellence Infectious Disease Institute Researchers Discover New Class of Antibiotics to Fight Leading Superbugs In a significant advance against drug-resistant superbugs, inv”
“Microglia protect sensory cells needed for vision after retinal detachment A research team led by senior author Kip Connor, PhD, has shown that microglia, the primary immune cells of the brain and retina, play a protective role in response to retinal detachment. Retinal detachment and subsequent degeneration of the retina can lead to progressive visual decline due to photoreceptor cell death, the major light-sensing cell in the eye. The researchers describe, for the first time, the beneficial role of microglial cells in the eye after retinal detachment - migrating to the site of injury to protect photoreceptors and to regulate local inflammation. Department of Otolaryngology Basic Science Researchers use optogenetics to transform cells in the ear to respond to light A Mass. Eye and Ear research team has shown that cells in the inner ear can become photoactive through the use of optogenetics, opening the door for a new generation of hearing devices that can be stimulated more precisely using laser light. In a report published in Molecular Therapy, the researchers describe successfully delivering light-sensitive microbial proteins (known as "opsins") to the cochlea. By changing the properties of these cells to react to laser light, the researchers hope that the technology accelerates the development of a new kind of cochlear implant that's performance is closer to natural hearing. While today's cochlear implants have restored hearing to more than 320,000 people, hearing through a cochlear implant is different from normal hearing. This is because current technology relies on a series of electrodes implanted in the fluid-filled inner ear that receive information from an external sound processor and microphone and sends that information to the cochlear nerve, and to the brain. The electrical current generated by the electrodes can be difficult to focus, especially in a conducting medium of fluid. Unlike electricity, using optogenetics to stimulate cells in the inner ear with laser light may offer a more focused beam that restricts the path of light to the hundreds of cells that are photoactive. Invasive cells in head and neck tumors predict cancer spread Head and neck tumors that contain cells undergoing a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition - which transforms them from neatly organized blocks into irregular structures that extrude into the surrounding environment - are more likely to invade and spread to other parts of the body, according to a study led by researchers from Mass. Eye and Ear, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. In a report published in Cell, the researchers created the first atlas of head and neck cancer, revealing the many different kinds of cells, cancerous and non-cancerous, in primary head and neck tumors and their metastases. The findings provide important clues as to how head and neck cancers metastasize, and may have implications for other common cancers as well. Using a process known as single-cell RNA-sequencing, the researchers analyzed more than 6,000 individual cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas - the most common head and neck tumor. Through their analysis, the research team was able to characterize a unique structural transition involving cancer cells and normal cells in their environment that allows tumors to spread. Synaptopathy in the aging cochlea A fairly universal communication problem for middle aged and older listeners is an increasing difficulty understanding speech in noisy conditions. The discovery by Mass. Eye and Ear investigators in 2009 of dramatic age- and noise exposure-related cochlear synaptopathy, i.e., the loss of synaptic connections between the inner hair cell and the auditory nerve fibers that carry their information toward the brain, has suggested a possible contributor to these performance declines. In a recent study funded by the Department of Defense and published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researcher”
“In collaboration with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Zheng-Yi Chen, PhD, developed a CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing therapy to prevent hearing loss in a mouse model of human genetic progressive deafness. The therapy delivers a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing protein complex directly into the sound-sensing hair cells via lipid rafts to disrupt an autosomal dominant mutation that would otherwise cause the cells to die. The researchers tested the method in a mouse model of progressive hearing loss with a mutated Tmc1 gene. The team injected the gene-editing mix into the cochlea of newborn mice genetically destined for profound hearing loss. The treated mice maintained a substantial amount of their hearing compared to the untreated mice. At four weeks, the untreated mice had a measurable response in their brainstem to sound starting at roughly 80 decibels, the volume of a garbage disposal or a loud radio. But the treated mice responded to sound starting around 65 decibels-approximately the same volume as a typical spoken conversation. Physiological measurements showed that the hair cells survived at a higher rate in the treated cochlea. At eight weeks, treated mice also retained their instinctive physical "startle" response to sudden loud sound, while the untreated mice did not respond. The work represents a significant step toward genome-editing to halt progression of genetic hearing loss. Delivering the Cas9 protein itself locally, instead of DNA elements that the cell can use to build Cas9, improved the DNA specificity and potential safety of the treatment. Cochlear amplification and tuning depend on the cellular arrangement within the organ of Corti The field of cochlear mechanics has been undergoing a revolution due to recent findings made possible by advancements in measurement techniques. While it has long been assumed that basilar-membrane (BM) motion is the most important determinant of sound transduction by the inner hair cells (IHCs), a recent study led by Sunil Puria, PhD, showed that other parts of the sensory epithelium close to the IHCs, such as the reticular lamina (RL), move with significantly greater amplitude for weaker sounds. With a computational-model of the mouse cochlea, the researchers showed that individual outer hair cells (OHCs) can work together to produce high hearing sensitivity and frequent selectivity because of the overlapping asymmetrical Y-shaped structures that they form with the Deiters' cells (DCs) and phalangeal processes (PhPs). Altering the geometry and material properties of these structures reveals that all three components have a profound effect on BM and reticular-lamina amplification and tuning. These results imply that the DCs and PhPs must be properly accounted for in emerging OHC regeneration therapies. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for treatment of androgenic alopecia Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a minimally invasive, office-based procedure that uses autologous growth factors from a standard venipuncture to stimulate hair growth in patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA). Although PRP is commonly used to treat orthopedic issues and burn injuries, it is still a relatively novel technique for treatment of androgenic alopecia. A team of researchers, including Linda N. Lee, MD, Jenny X. Chen, MD, and Natalie Justicz, MD, performed a systematic review of the literature to examine the use and efficacy of PRP for AGA. The results of the study demonstrated PRP is a low-risk intervention that is associated with high patient satisfaction and objective improvements in multiple outcome measurements. The study revealed a range of techniques and protocols, highlighting the need for further research to standardize delivery methods and clinical outcome measurements. Mass. Eye and Ear is currently one of the only academic centers in the Northeast to perform and study this technique, both as a stand-alone procedure for androgenic alope”
“Department of Ophthalmology In March Mass. Eye and Ear made medical history by performing the first FDA-approved LuxturnaT gene therapy procedure on a patient with inherited blindness. This is the first time any FDA-approved gene therapy has been given to a patient for any inherited disease. The treatment was developed by Spark Therapeutics and approved in December, 2017 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients aged 12 months and older. Luxturna has been shown to improve visual function in children and adults with inherited retinal disease caused by mutations in the gene RPE65 for LCA inherited blindness. The landmark procedure was performed by Jason Comander MD, PhD, Associate Director of the Inherited Retinal Disorders Service at Mass. Eye and Ear in Boston. Several groups initiated clinical development, but special mention should be made of the team led by Dr. Jean Bennett at University of Pennsylvania. Mass. Eye and Ear has led the ophthalmology community in the development of outcome measures for ophthalmology, consistently publishing these measures since 2010 in a Quality and Outcomes Report. The department was also among the first to contribute electronic health record data to the American Academy of Ophthalmology's IRIS Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). As one of five academic groups awarded unique access to the American Academy of Ophthalmology's IRIS Registry, Mass. Eye and Ear is now at the forefront of working with big data for quality improvement and monitoring. Launched in 2014, the IRIS Registry is the nation's first comprehensive eye disease and condition registry and the world's largest specialty clinical data registry. As of April 1, the registry includes nearly 18,000 physicians, 48 million unique patients from all payers contributing 199.6 million patient visits. The Mass. Eye and Ear IRIS Registry Analytics Team -led by co-principal investigators Alice C. Lorch, MD and Joan W. Miller, MD- will involve investigation and partnership with many faculty at Mass. Eye and Ear over the coming years. Other academic groups awarded access include Stanford University, University of Michigan/UCLA/Duke/UNC, University of Washington, and Wills Eye Hospital. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B EDUCATION As a Harvard Medical School teaching hospital, Mass. Eye and Ear trains future medical leaders in the fields of ophthalmology and otolaryngology through residency programs, as well as clinical and research fellowships. Department of Otolaryngology 27 Residents 10 Clinical Fellows 81 Research Fellows 3 Research Residents Department of Ophthalmology 24 Residents 26 Clinical Fellows 108 Research Fellows 1 Optometric Resident In other ENT education news, we continue to enjoy our state-of-the-art Otolaryngology Surgical Training Laboratory and have held several major courses there this year. Our department organized its first "Women in Otolaryngology" symposium to discuss the opportunities and challenges of being a woman in a historically male-dominated field. Our panelists included Stacey T. Gray, MD, Margaret A. Kenna, MD, MPH, Konstantina M. Stankovic, MD, PhD, and Sylvette R. Wiener-Vacher, MD, PhD. We held our first annual Mastoid Bowl this summer. Hosted by Daniel J. Lee, MD, FACS, this competition evaluated otolaryngology residents as they performed mastoidectomies on cadavers in the Joseph B. Nadol, Jr., MD, Surgical Training Laboratory. The winner was Chief Resident Katie Phillips, MD. Our year-end graduation lectureship has been officially named the "Joseph B. Nadol, Jr. Lectureship." Dr. Nadol has contributed, and continues to contribute, to the stature and standing of this department in so many ways. Department of Ophthalmology The Mass. Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology established the Distinguished Scholar in Ophthalmology. Several Mass. Eye and Ear faculty presented named lectures at the 2018 American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Annual Meeting in October. Joan W. Miller, MD presented the Sc”
“that brings residents together for one 3-hour block each month to participate in innovative and interactive learning utilizing the Surgical Training Laboratory. The first session on August 3, 2018 was led by Silas Wang, MD and Elizabeth Rossin, MD, PhD. Highlights included practicing setting up and priming the phaco machine, loading 1-piece and 3-piece IOLs, positioning and manipulation of the microscope, paracentesis and main wound construction followed by suturing of wounds, teaching sutures, and learning to load and implant capsular tension rings and 3-piece IOLs. The second session on September 7, 2018 was led by David Hunter, MD, PhD, David Sol-del Valle, MD, Tav van Zyl, MD, and Dr. Rossin. Junior residents participated in a Refraction boot camp where they learned about retinoscopy and refraction. Senior residents participated in a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) workshop where they learned to place an iStent, and having completed this training are now able to participate in MIGS procedures with Dr. Sol-del Valle in the operating room. Resident feedback on these sessions has been very positive. A continuity clinic was created to supplement the continuity in patient care that residents experience in caring for patients within the clinical rotations. In this enhanced continuity experience, residents see patients that they evaluated in the Mass. Eye and Ear Emergency Department (MEE ED) in follow-up appointments. Residents also have the opportunity to participate in surgeries of patients that they initially cared for in the MEE ED. Residents attend continuity clinic approximately 2 half days per month. This clinic is directly supervised by the Mass Eye and Ear Chief Resident, who is a member of the Mass Eye and Ear faculty. Feedback from residents and faculty has been positive. An ophthalmology residency program wellness committee was formed consisting of residents and faculty members. The committee works with the residency program, the department, and the GME efforts to support and encourage activities that promote resident wellness. Examples of early initiatives include revamping the resident room, a space in which the residents have workspaces, lockers, computers, and often spend down-time, as well as organizing a series of resident-faculty social activities outside of work. Mass Eye and Ear has also appointed a resident representative to the Partners Healthcare Resident Wellness Committee. We aim to continue growth of these important initiatives. Awards and Honors Department of Ophthalmology Petr Baranov, PhD: Audacious Goals Initiative for Regenerative Medicine grant, National Eye Institute (in collaboration with Vanderbilt University Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham) Dean Cestari, MD: A. Clifford Barger Excellence in Mentoring Award, Harvard Medical School; Dean's Community Service Award, Harvard Medical School; Surgical Teacher of the Year, Harvard Department of Ophthalmology Han-Ying (Peggy) Chang, MD: Norman Knight Leadership Award, Mass. Eye and Ear Jing Chen, PhD: Special Scholar Award, Research to Prevent Blindness Teresa C. Chen, MD: Senior Achievement Award, American Academy of Ophthalmology James Chodosh, MD, MPH: Jones/Smolin Lecture, American Academy of Ophthalmology Joseph B. Ciolino, MD: Sloan Healthcare Innovation Prize, MIT Patricia A. D'Amore, PhD, MBA: American Academy of the Arts and Sciences Elected Fellow; Barbara J. McNeil Faculty Award for Exceptional Service to HMS/HSDM Reza Dana, MD, MSc, MPH: Friedenwald Award, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology; Stein Innovation Award, Research to Prevent Blindness Mary-Magdalene (Ugo) Dodd, MD: 2018 Fellow Research Award, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Thaddeus Dryja, MD: Helen Keller Prize for Vision Research, BrightFocus and Helen Keller Foundation; Appointed Associate Member of Broad Institute Rosario Fernandez-Godino, PhD, MSc: BrightFocus Foundation Award (for macular de”
“Dunia Abdul-Aziz, MD, was the recipient of the 2017 Yellen Young Investigator Award. This award is made possible by the generosity of Mass. Eye and Ear Trustees, Patricia and Barry Yellen. Daniel G. Deschler, MD, FACS, and Marlene L. Durand, MD, published a new textbook, Infections of the Ears, Nose, Throat, and Sinuses. Dr. Deschler was also appointed chair of the Patient Care Division of the American Head and Neck Society. Kevin S. Emerick, MD, is the recipient of the 2018 Chris O'Brien Traveling Fellowship, which is presented by The Research and Education Foundation of the American Head and Neck Society. Allen Feng, MD, and Sid Puram, MD, PhD, were the co-recipients of the 2018 Triological Society (Eastern Section)'s William W. Montgomery, MD Resident Research Award for their abstract, "Intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery: Trends among otolaryngologists and general surgeons." Tessa A. Hadlock, MD, was re-elected as president of the International Sir Charles Bell Society. Eric H. Holbrook, MD, joined the American Rhinologic Society Board of Directors. Judith S. Kempfle, MD, won the poster blitz contest at the 2018 Association for Research in Otolaryngology annual meeting. Elliott D. Kozin, MD, was named a 2018 Star Reviewer for the journal Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Robin W. Lindsay, MD, was named co-chair of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Meeting at the Combined Otolaryngology Spring Meetings and chair of the WIO Research and Survey Committee for the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Gregory W. Randolph, MD, FACS, FACE, has been elected chair of the Endocrine Surgery Section of the American Head and Neck Society. Steven D. Rauch, MD, received an honorary professorship at the Annual Vestibular Conference of the Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences in Guangzhou, China. He was also appointed as a member of the Mnire's Disease Advisory Board of the Hearing Health Foundation. Ahmad R. Sedaghat, MD, PhD, was the recipient of the 2018 Eleanor and Miles Shore Fellowship Program Award for Scholars in Medicine. Mark G. Shrime, MD, MPH, PhD, FACS, was awarded the 2018 Arnold P. Gold Foundation Award for Humanism in Medicine by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Kristina Simonyan, MD, PhD, Dr med, was invited to serve on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Tourette Association of America. Department of Anesthesiology Iuliu Fat, MD: MEE/HMS Department of Anesthesia: Excellence in Teaching Award Department of Radiology MEE Radiology Department: 52nd ASHNR Annual Meeting, First Place for Best Scientific Electronic Exhibit Dr. Amy Juliano: RSNA International Visiting Professor Dr. Katherine Reinshagen: Promoted to Associate Staff Radiologist Form 990, Part III, Line 4c Facilities, Equipment and Technology Department of Ophthalmology Mass. Eye and Ear launched a unique emergency department (ED) and inpatient consultation service, known as the Ophthalmology Hospitalist Program. Senior credentialed ophthalmologists now provide consults for patients admitted to general hospitals, including Mass General, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Faulkner Hospital. The program fortifies connections among Harvard Ophthalmology hospital affiliates, and enhances trainee education and the existing consult service at Mass. Eye and Ear. Members of the hospitalist program include Jane Schweitzer, MD, Jo-Ann Haney-Tilton, MD, FACS, EMHL, and Aisha Traish, MD. The refractive and laser vision correction services moved to Mass. Eye and Ear's Waltham patient care site in November, 2018. Mass. Eye and Ear now offers a new type of minimally-invasive laser vision correction, the ReLEx SMILE procedure for the treatment of myopia (nearsightedness) at its Waltham location. Mass. Eye and Ear specialists are among the most experienced with the SMILEapproach nationwide, and the first in New England to offer the procedure. A new collaborat”
“Other changes in net assets or fund balances: adjustment for pension and postretirement related changes other than net periodic pension cost: $13,940,727”
“The rare books collection consists mainly of several hundred books in the meei specialties of ophthalmology and otolaryngology as well as a few on the medical history of boston and massachusetts. The majority were donated originally by moses lurie, md and mrs. Lucien howe (wife of lucien howe, md). A few were donated by other physicians through the years. Endowment funds set up between mrs. Howe and dr. Lurie were designated for the occasional purchase of rare books to supplement the original donations. The rare books are available to the scientific, medical and academic community for purposes of research and education.”
“The endowment functions to support the mission of the massachusetts eye and ear infirmary to provide superior patient care and research. The income from the endowment funds is subject to donor-imposed stipulations usually for research, education and patient care.”
“The massachusetts eye and ear infirmary ("infirmary") was included in consolidated financial statements with its affiliated organizations. The income tax footnote is as follows: the foundation and its affiliates qualify as tax-exempt organizations under the internal revenue code. The foundation, infirmary, associates, schepens and embankment are tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) of the internal revenue code and circle is tax-exempt under 501(c)(25) of the internal revenue code. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been made in the accompanying financial statements. Management has evaluated accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and there was no impact to the foundation's financial statements for the year ended september 30, 2018.”
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| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm | 0 | FISH AND RICHARDSON PC |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm | 1 | BOND BROTHERS INC |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm | 2 | MEDICAL RECORD ASSOCIATES INC |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm | 3 | KPMG LLP |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm | 4 | PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 0 | LEGAL |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 1 | CONSTRUCTION |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 2 | MEDICAL RECORDS |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 3 | CONSULTING |
| IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc | 4 | AUDIT AND TAX |
| IRS990/CostOfGoodsSoldAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CreditCounselingInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/CYContributionsGrantsAmt | 0 | 47345277 |
| IRS990/CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt | 0 | 19510604 |
| IRS990/CYInvestmentIncomeAmt | 0 | 4729380 |
| IRS990/CYOtherExpensesAmt | 0 | 153787273 |
| IRS990/CYOtherRevenueAmt | 0 | 4417495 |
| IRS990/CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt | 0 | 243229424 |
| IRS990/CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt | 0 | 7633856 |
| IRS990/CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt | 0 | 118670627 |
| IRS990/CYTotalExpensesAmt | 0 | 292087720 |
| IRS990/CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt | 0 | 2723969 |
| IRS990/CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt | 0 | 119216 |
| IRS990/CYTotalRevenueAmt | 0 | 299721576 |
| IRS990/DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990/DeductibleArtContributionInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DeductibleNonCashContriInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DeferredRevenueGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 10891093 |
| IRS990/DeferredRevenueGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 8747733 |
| IRS990/DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DepreciationDepletionGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 7263498 |
| IRS990/DepreciationDepletionGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 15017258 |
| IRS990/DepreciationDepletionGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 22280756 |
| IRS990/Desc | 0 | SEE SCHEDULE O |
| IRS990/DescribedInSection501c3Ind | 0 | true |
| IRS990/DisregardedEntityInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/DocumentRetentionPolicyInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990/DonorAdvisedFundInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ElectionOfBoardMembersInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990/EmployeeCnt | 0 | 2109 |
| IRS990/EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990/EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/EscrowAccountInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/EscrowAccountLiabilityGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/EscrowAccountLiabilityGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ExpenseAmt | 0 | 165445012 |
| IRS990/FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990/FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 262578 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 1387 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 263965 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 2564262 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 130145 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 2694407 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 78925 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 78925 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesManagementGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesOtherGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt | 0 | 735099 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesOtherGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 2472429 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesOtherGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 3207528 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesProfFundraising/FundraisingAmt | 0 | 119216 |
| IRS990/FeesForServicesProfFundraising/TotalAmt | 0 | 119216 |
| IRS990/FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/ForeignActivitiesInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990/ForeignFinancialAccountInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/ForeignGrantsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt | 0 | 259840 |
| IRS990/ForeignGrantsGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 259840 |
| IRS990/ForeignOfficeInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 0 | 23.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 1 | 7.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 2 | 7.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 3 | 6.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 4 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 5 | 6.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 6 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 7 | 6.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 8 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 9 | 33.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 10 | 6.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 11 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 12 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 13 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 14 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 15 | 31.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 16 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 17 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 18 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 19 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 20 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 21 | 4.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 22 | 7.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 23 | 11.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 24 | 11.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 25 | 30.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 26 | 0.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 27 | 30.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 28 | 0.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 29 | 0.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 30 | 40.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 31 | 30.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 32 | 0.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 33 | 29.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 34 | 0.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 35 | 0.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 36 | 0.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 37 | 0.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt | 38 | 0.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 0 | 37.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 1 | 3.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 2 | 3.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 3 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 4 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 5 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 6 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 7 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 8 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 9 | 27.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 10 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 11 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 12 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 13 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 14 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 15 | 29.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 16 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 17 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 18 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 19 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 20 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 21 | 2.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 22 | 53.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 23 | 49.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 24 | 49.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 25 | 30.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 26 | 60.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 27 | 30.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 28 | 60.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 29 | 60.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 30 | 20.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 31 | 30.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 32 | 60.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 33 | 31.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 34 | 60.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 35 | 60.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 36 | 60.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 37 | 60.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt | 38 | 60.0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd | 1 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd | 2 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd | 3 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd | 4 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 1 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 2 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 3 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 4 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 5 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 6 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 7 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 8 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 9 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 10 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 11 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 12 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 13 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 14 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 15 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 16 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 17 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 18 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 19 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 20 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | 21 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/KeyEmployeeInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/KeyEmployeeInd | 1 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/KeyEmployeeInd | 2 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/KeyEmployeeInd | 3 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/KeyEmployeeInd | 4 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/KeyEmployeeInd | 5 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/KeyEmployeeInd | 6 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/KeyEmployeeInd | 7 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/KeyEmployeeInd | 8 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd | 1 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd | 2 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd | 3 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd | 4 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd | 5 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd | 6 | X |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 0 | 229175 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 6 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 7 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 8 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 9 | 148157 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 10 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 11 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 12 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 13 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 14 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 15 | 158175 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 16 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 17 | 62940 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 18 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 19 | 46400 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 20 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 21 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 22 | 21289 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 23 | 18998 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 24 | 25895 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 25 | 22708 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 26 | 15221 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 27 | 24792 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 28 | 9778 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 29 | 3749 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 30 | 16757 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 31 | 24654 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 32 | 16232 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 33 | 58175 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 34 | 23671 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 35 | 24789 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 36 | 23222 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 37 | 3392 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt | 38 | 3089 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 0 | JOHN R FERNANDEZ |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 1 | WYCLIFFE GROUSBECK |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 2 | JONATHAN UHRIG |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 3 | DEWALT PETE ANKENY |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 4 | JAMES CARLISLE |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 5 | CHARLES DE GUNZBERG |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 6 | HARVEY FREISHTAT |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 7 | LYLE HOWLAND |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 8 | DIANE E KANEB |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 9 | JOAN W MILLER MD |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 10 | ANNETTE NOVA |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 11 | WILLIAM ROMAN |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 12 | EUGENE HILL |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 13 | ROBERT ATCHINSON |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 14 | ROBERT KNAPP |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 15 | D BRADLEY WELLING |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 16 | THOMAS LAUER |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 17 | KEITH D LILLEMOE MD |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 18 | TINA SMITH |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 19 | THOMAS SEQUIST MD |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 20 | KATRINE BOSLEY |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 21 | JONATHAN KUTCHINS |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 22 | MAUREEN KELLEY |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 23 | CAROLANN WILLIAMS |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 24 | MARTHA PYLE FARRELL |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 25 | BARBARA J SCULLY |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 26 | EILEEN O LOWELL |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 27 | KENNETH HOLMES |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 28 | JEFFREY J PIKE |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 29 | RALPH T PELOSI |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 30 | DEBRA ROGERS |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 31 | RACHEL WASSERSTROM |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 32 | MICHAEL RICCI |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 33 | SUNIL EAPPEN MD |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 34 | JENNIFER STREET |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 35 | MELISSA M PAUL |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 36 | GLENN W BUNTING |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 37 | ROBIN SWITZER |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm | 38 | LEO J HILL |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 0 | 1143642 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 6 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 7 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 8 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 9 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 10 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 11 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 12 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 13 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 14 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 15 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 16 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 17 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 18 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 19 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 20 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 21 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 22 | 196400 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 23 | 491994 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 24 | 399988 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 25 | 191046 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 26 | 321769 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 27 | 300617 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 28 | 387742 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 29 | 193138 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 30 | 301334 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 31 | 286902 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 32 | 255576 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 33 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 34 | 394488 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 35 | 307369 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 36 | 194732 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 37 | 193764 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt | 38 | 196670 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 6 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 7 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 8 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 9 | 904826 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 10 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 11 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 12 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 13 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 14 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 15 | 1063052 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 16 | 0 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 17 | 1016692 |
| IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | 18 | 0 |
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