Civic Intelligence

Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary

EIN 04-2103591 • 501(c)3 • Boston, MA

243 Charles StreetBoston, MA 02114

www.masseyeandear.org

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

88th percentile

0.94x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 88% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $250M-$1B nonprofits • Source year 2018

Liabilities / Revenue

83rd percentile

1.65x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 83% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $250M-$1B nonprofits • Source year 2018

Net Margin

46th percentile

2.5%

Higher net margin than 46% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $250M-$1B nonprofits • Source year 2018

Top Officer Pay

72nd percentile

$1,372,817

Higher top officer pay than 72% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 0.5% of source-year revenue.

501(c)3 • $250M-$1B nonprofits • Source year 2018

Asset Growth

91st percentile

25%

Faster asset growth than 91% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $250M-$1B nonprofits • Annualized from 2017 to 2018

Revenue Growth

52nd percentile

7.5%

Faster revenue growth than 52% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $250M-$1B nonprofits • Annualized from 2017 to 2018

Assets

Up

$523,876,840

Up $105,996,572 (+25%) from 2017

Liabilities

Up

$493,098,652

Up $82,575,443 (+20%) from 2017

Net Assets

Up

$30,778,188

Up $23,421,129 (+318%) from 2017

Revenue

Up

$299,721,576

Up $20,782,831 (+7.5%) from 2017

Expenses

Up

$292,087,720

Up $15,989,312 (+5.8%) from 2017

Net Income

Up

$7,633,856

Up $4,793,519 (+169%) from 2017

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$600M$400M$200M$0-$200MAssets 2010: $254,755,693Liabilities 2010: $212,217,115Net Assets 2010: $42,538,5782010Assets 2011: $248,076,965Liabilities 2011: $214,774,227Net Assets 2011: $33,302,7382011Assets 2012: $236,179,653Liabilities 2012: $210,336,333Net Assets 2012: $25,843,3202012Assets 2013: $224,049,415Liabilities 2013: $187,529,630Net Assets 2013: $36,519,7852013Assets 2014: $209,199,752Liabilities 2014: $180,665,195Net Assets 2014: $28,534,5572014Assets 2015: $212,622,120Liabilities 2015: $215,069,116Net Assets 2015: -$2,446,9962015Assets 2016: $330,811,290Liabilities 2016: $334,042,965Net Assets 2016: -$3,231,6752016Assets 2017: $417,880,268Liabilities 2017: $410,523,209Net Assets 2017: $7,357,0592017Assets 2018: $523,876,840Liabilities 2018: $493,098,652Net Assets 2018: $30,778,1882018

Highlighted filing

2018

Assets$523,876,840
Liabilities$493,098,652
Net Assets$30,778,188

Operations Trend

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$300M$200M$100M$0-$100MExpenses 2010: $202,059,0082010Expenses 2011: $212,288,5512011Expenses 2012: $200,480,6222012Revenue 2013: $221,665,628Expenses 2013: $222,744,370Net Income 2013: -$1,078,7422013Revenue 2014: $228,069,599Expenses 2014: $228,061,270Net Income 2014: $8,3292014Revenue 2015: $235,731,595Expenses 2015: $252,784,400Net Income 2015: -$17,052,8052015Revenue 2016: $260,117,429Expenses 2016: $260,653,776Net Income 2016: -$536,3472016Revenue 2017: $278,938,745Expenses 2017: $276,098,408Net Income 2017: $2,840,3372017Revenue 2018: $299,721,576Expenses 2018: $292,087,720Net Income 2018: $7,633,8562018

Highlighted filing

2018

Revenue$299,721,576
Expenses$292,087,720
Net Income$7,633,856

Filings

Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Oct 1, 2017 to Sep 30, 2018
Signed
Aug 12, 2019
Return Version
2017v2.3
Gross Receipts
$299,721,576
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

SEE SCHEDULE O.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$153,916,970$150,741,763▼ $3,175,207
Accounts Receivable$30,816,896$27,145,913▼ $3,670,983
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$1,507,830$10,406,351▲ $8,898,521
Inventories for Sale or Use$4,835,627$6,596,220▲ $1,760,593
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$5,161,230$5,046,315▼ $114,915
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$0$0→ $0
Other Notes and Loans Receivable, Net$0$0→ $0
Pledges and Grants Receivable$0$0→ $0
Receivable From Disqualified Prsn$0$0→ $0
Receivables From Officers Etc$0$0→ $0
Investments Other Securities$0$0→ $0
Investments Program Related$0$0→ $0
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities$0$0→ $0
Intangible Assets$0$0→ $0
Loans From Officers Directors$0$0→ $0
Total Assets$417,880,268$523,876,840▲ $105,996,572
Other Assets Total$221,641,715$323,940,278▲ $102,298,563
Liabilities
Other Liabilities$179,505,238$274,172,762▲ $94,667,524
Tax Exempt Bond Liabilities$124,421,361$138,562,557▲ $14,141,196
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$95,705,517$71,615,600▼ $24,089,917
Deferred Revenue$10,891,093$8,747,733▼ $2,143,360
Grants Payable$0$0→ $0
Mortgage Notes Payable Secured by Investment Property$0$0→ $0
Unsecured Notes Loans Payable$0$0→ $0
Escrow Account Liability$0$0→ $0
Total Liabilities$410,523,209$493,098,652▲ $82,575,443
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Unrestricted Net Assets$7,357,059$30,778,188▲ $23,421,129
Permanently Rstr Net Assets$0$0→ $0
Temporarily Rstr Net Assets$0$0→ $0
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$7,357,059$30,778,188▲ $23,421,129
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$417,880,268$523,876,840▲ $105,996,572

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Buildings$58,135,335$144,899,265$203,034,600
Equipment$60,290,438$125,924,007$186,214,445
Leasehold Improvements$14,163,320$5,095,082$19,258,402
Other Land Buildings$17,617,346$10,623$17,627,969
Land$535,324-$535,324
Other Assets Org$3,747,016--

Endowment Activity

PeriodBeginningContrib.Gain/LossOther UsesEnd
2017$73,437,271$3,101,773▲ $24,134,233$3,675,186$95,975,253
2016$72,460,656$10,372,206▲ $4,293,494$12,552,747$73,437,271
2015$72,613,174$1,960,347▲ $2,728,854$3,796,280$72,460,656
2014$78,511,651$1,229,040▼ $274,466$5,028,553$72,613,174
2013$87,204,661$746,394▲ $5,114,694$12,790,645$78,511,651
Compensation and Service Providers

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
John R FernandezPresidentFT$742,730$630,087$1,372,817
Carolann WilliamsCFO & VP Finance and AdminFT$426,681$84,311$510,992
Martha Pyle FarrellAsst SecretaryFT$327,122$98,761$425,883
Jennifer StreetVP Communications & PlanningFT$341,418$76,741$418,159
Jeffrey J PikeChief Operating OfficerFT$296,587$100,933$397,520
Eileen O LowellCNO & VP Pat Care SvsFT$276,414$60,576$336,990
Melissa M PaulChief Development OfficerFT$246,972$85,186$332,158
Kenneth HolmesCFO MeeaPT$235,509$89,900$325,409
Debra RogersVP OphthalmologyPT$241,740$76,351$318,091
Rachel WasserstromVP OtolaryngologyPT$254,648$56,908$311,556
Michael RicciChief Information OfficerFT$225,221$46,587$271,808
Glenn W BuntingVoice & Speech Clinical DirectorFT$192,560$25,394$217,954
Maureen KelleyAsst Secretary (until 5/18)FT$177,987$39,702$217,689
Barbara J ScullyDirector Prof Rev CyclePT$184,165$29,589$213,754
Leo J HillDeputy CIOFT$186,294$13,465$199,759
Robin SwitzerDirector of Human ResourcesFT$183,390$13,766$197,156
Ralph T PelosiDirector Facilities PlanningFT$186,845$10,042$196,887

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Wycliffe GrousbeckChair
Charles De GunzbergDirector
D Bradley WellingDirector
Dewalt Pete AnkenyDirector
Diane E KanebDirector
Eugene HillDirector
Harvey FreishtatDirector
James CarlisleDirector
Joan W Miller MdDirector
Robert AtchinsonDirector
Robert KnappDirector
Thomas LauerDirector
Tina SmithDirector
Katrine BosleyDirector (since 12/17)
Keith D Lillemoe MdDirector (since 7/18)
Thomas Sequist MdDirector (since 7/18)
Annette NovaDirector (until 12/17)
Jonathan KutchinsDirector (until 12/17)
William RomanDirector (until 12/17)
Sunil Eappen MdChief Medical Officer
Lyle HowlandSecretary
Jonathan UhrigTreasurer

Highest Paid Contractors

ContractorServicesLocationCompensation
Bond Brothers INCConstruction10 CABOT RD STE 300, Medford, MA 02155$1,061,976
Fish And Richardson PCLegalPO BOX 3295, Boston, MA 02241$744,120
Medical Record Associates INCMedical Records2 BATTERYMARCH PARK 204, Quincy, MA 02169$681,084
Kpmg LLPConsulting550 SOUTH HOPE STE 1500, Los Angeles, CA 90071$640,619
Pricewaterhousecoopers LLPAudit And TaxPO BOX 7247-8001, Philadelphia, PA 19170$636,125
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$47,345,277
Program Service Revenue
$243,229,424
Investment Income
$4,729,380
Other Revenue
$4,417,495
All Other Contributions
$7,683,701
Change in Net Assets
$7,633,856
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Other Expenses$153,787,273
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$118,670,627
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$19,510,604
Total Fundraising Expense$2,723,969
Professional Fundraising Fees$119,216

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$68,598,706$19,771,778$1,655,367$90,025,851
Depreciation Depletion$15,017,258$7,263,498-$22,280,756
Grants to Domestic Orgs$19,250,764--$19,250,764
All Other Expenses$12,259,710$4,505,538$249,437$17,014,685
Occupancy$1,300,048$12,012,894$11$13,312,953
Other Employee Benefits$10,234,053$2,406,130$283,981$12,924,164
Payroll Taxes$6,547,498$1,961,145$174,954$8,683,597
Other Expenses$3,892,476$1,882,700$13,330$5,775,176
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$1,764,801$3,507,922-$5,272,723
Interest$3,108,049$1,503,291-$4,611,340
Information Technology$2,899,455$1,637,327$12,000$4,548,782
Fees for Services Other$2,472,429$735,099-$3,207,528
Fees for Services Legal$130,145$2,564,262-$2,694,407
Office Expenses$786,220$1,079,770$141,049$2,007,039
Insurance$69,504$1,929,539-$1,999,043
Pension Plan Contributions$1,355,270$372,361$36,661$1,764,292
Travel$925,890$250,203$37,908$1,214,001
Advertising$18,909$680,473-$699,382
Conferences and Meetings$206,262$103,371-$309,633
Fees for Services Accounting$1,387$262,578-$263,965
Foreign Grants$259,840--$259,840
Fees for Services Professional Fundraising--$119,216$119,216
Fees for Services Lobbying-$78,925-$78,925
Total Functional Expenses$222,190,714$67,173,037$2,723,969$292,087,720
International Activity

Grant and Assistance Recipients

RecipientLocationCategoryPurposeAmount
Mass Eye & Ear AssociatesBoston, MA501(c)(3)-$15,083,409
Bionic Eye Technologies IncFishkill, NY501(c)(3)Basic Research$1,106,959
Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA501(c)(3)Basic Research$800,296
President & Fellows of HarvardCambridge, MA501(c)(3)Basic Research$426,941
BRIGHAM & WOMEN'S HOSPITALBoston, MA501(c)(3)Basic Research$309,529
Schepens Eye Research InstituteBoston, MA501(c)(3)Basic Research$271,961
Rhode Island HospitalProvidence, RI501(c)(3)Basic Research$219,902
Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH501(c)(3)Basic Research$106,924
Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcester, MA501(c)(3)Basic Research$98,339
Portland Va Research Foundation IncPortland, OR501(c)(3)Basic Research$97,243
Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN501(c)(3)Basic Research$92,846
University of WisconsinMadison, WI501(c)(3)Basic Research$87,696
BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITALBoston, MA501(c)(3)Basic Research$82,588
Johns Hopkins U School of MedBaltimore, MD501(c)(3)Basic Research$74,947
Pennsylvania State UniversityHershey, PA501(c)(3)Basic Research$58,232
Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH501(c)(3)Basic Research$52,572
University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI, MI501(c)(3)Basic Research$39,156
Nyu Lagone Medical CenterNew York, NY501(c)(3)Basic Research$36,222
Charles Stark Draper LaboratoryCambridge, MA501(c)(3)Basic Research$36,131
Duke UniversityDurham, NC501(c)(3)Basic Research$30,130
University of MaineOreno, ME501(c)(3)Basic Research$27,820
University of IowaIowa City, IA501(c)(3)Basic Research$27,033
NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S HOSPITALColumbus, OH501(c)(3)Basic Research$25,352
University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA501(c)(3)Basic Research$23,548
Wills Eye HospitalPhiladelphia, PA501(c)(3)Basic Research$14,603
Stanford UniversityPalo Alto, CA501(c)(3)Basic Research$13,269
University of MiamiMiami, FL501(c)(3)Basic Research$7,116

International Summary

Spending
$488,843

International Compliance

Foreign grant records maintained
Yes
Activity in boycott countries
No
Foreign corporation ownership
Yes
Foreign partnership interest
No
Interest in foreign trust
No
Passive foreign investment company interest
No
Transfers to foreign corporations
No

International Activities

RegionActivityServicesOfficesEmployeesSpending
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)GrantmakingConference--$252,867
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)Program ServicesConference--$124,987
East Asia and the PacificProgram ServicesConference--$56,084
South AsiaProgram ServicesConference--$15,257
South AmericaProgram ServicesConference--$14,057
North AmericaProgram ServicesConference--$8,757
North AmericaGrantmakingConference--$6,973
Sub-Saharan AfricaProgram ServicesConference--$3,774
Central America and the CaribbeanProgram Services---$2,907
Middle East and North AfricaProgram ServicesConference--$1,729
Russia and the Newly Independent StatesProgram Services---$1,451
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
Yes

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$119,216
Fundraising Direct Expenses$0
Fundraising Gross Income$0
Gaming Direct Expenses$0
Gaming Gross Income$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
Yes
Subject to proxy tax
No
Insider Transactions and Loans

Interested-Person Transactions

Interested PartyRelationshipDescriptionShared RevenueAmount
Joan Miller MdDrctr Is Licensor to OrgPatent License ProceedsNo$170,004

Loans and Receivables

Line ItemBeginningEndChange
Loans from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$0$0→ $0
Receivables from Disqualified Persons$0$0→ $0
Receivables from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$0$0→ $0
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Due to Affiliates$264,125,065
Professional Liability Reserve$4,389,054
Estimate 3rd Party Settlement$4,062,849
Tax Deferred Liability$1,595,794

Bond Issues

BondIssuerIssuedIssue PricePurpose
AMassachussetts Development Finance Agency2015-12-30$70,394,000Refndng(2010)&facility improvement

Bond Proceeds

BondTotal ProceedsSpentRetiredIssuance Costs
A$70,394,000$15,079,333$1,270,463$441,892

Bond Financing Compliance

Rebate not yet due
Yes
Form 8038-T filed
No
Gross proceeds invested
No
Gross proceeds invested in GIC
No
Corrective action procedures
Yes
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
Yes
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
Yes
Key decisions subject to board approval
Yes
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Line 1A

THE INFIRMARY'S BYLAWS STATE THE FOLLOWING: THERE SHALL BE AN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CONSISTING OF THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE SERVING AS MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MEMBER. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL HAVE THE POWER TO TRANSACT ALL EMERGENCY BUSINESS OF THE CORPORATION DURING THE PERIOD BETWEEN THE MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL ALSO TRANSACT SUCH BUSINESS, PERFORM SUCH DUTIES, AND EXERCISE SUCH POWERS AS MAY BE DIRECTED OR DELEGATED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FROM TME TO TIME. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL KEEP A RECORD OF ITS PROCEEDINGS. ALL ACTIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL BE REPORTED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT ITS NEXT REGULAR MEETING. FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 6 The Foundation is the sole member of the Infirmary. Effective April 1, 2018, Partners Healthcare System, Inc.(Partners) became the sole member of the Foundation. As a result the Foundation and its affiliated entities became part of the comprehensive, integrated healthcare system organized and operated by Partners that includes hospitals, physicians, charitable, scientific, educational, research and other Partners affiliated organizations.

Form 990, Part VI, Line 7A

The governor of the commonwealth has the authority to appoint two directors. The bylaws of the infirmary state that the remaining directors are those individuals serving as directors of its sole member, the foundation of the massachusetts eye and ear infirmary, inc. ("the foundation"). Form 990, part vi, line 7b the foundation is the sole member of the infirmary and retains the authority to make decisions regarding the infirmary. Form 990, part vi, line 11b the infirmary's form 990 is prepared by pricewaterhousecoopers, llp using information prepared by management. After the form 990 is completed, it is reviewed by the manager of investments and foundation accounting. The form 990 is then presented to the finance committee for review and approval as authorized by the board of directors. The board of directors are also given the form 990 for review with time to submit comments and questions before final filing. Form 990, part vi, line 12c members of the staff are required to disclose conflicts of interest to their chief of service or department and director of laboratory/unit. Members of the board of directors are required to disclose annually, in writing, any interests that could give rise to conflicts. The office of the internal legal counsel obtains and reviews the annual conflicts of interest statements submitted by members of the board of directors, and reports on the same to the audit and compliance committee of the board. With respect to interests disclosed by board members that could give rise to conflicts of interest, the internal legal counsel reviews all transactions between such interests and affiliates of the infirmary, to determine whether these transactions were conducted at arm's length. Form 990, part vi, line 15 the chairman of the compensation committee of the board of the infirmary presents a recommendation to the compensation committee who have final approval of the ceo's base salary and bonus amount. The ceo recommends the salaries of the chiefs and vice presidents to the compensation committee of the board who has final authorization to approve it. Compensation of those at the director level, including the director of professional revenue cycle, director of facilities planning, and chief information officer is reviewed and approved by the vice president of operations. The compensation committee meeting was held on november 15, 2017. Total compensation for the ceo, chiefs and vice presidents, including bonus payments, including comparability data, is analyzed by independent compensation consultants and is determined to be reasonable.

Form 990, Part VI, Line 19

Summarized financial statements are available on the infirmary's website: www.masseyeandear.org. Audited financial statements are available upon request. The infirmary's governing documents and form 990 are available upon request. The conflict of interest policy is also available upon request.

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary
EIN
04-2103591
In Care Of
% CAROLANN WILLIAMS
Phone
6175733942
Address
243 CHARLES STREET, BOSTON, MA 02114

Signing Officer

Name
Carolann Williams
Title
CFO & VP Fin & Admin
Phone
6175733012
Signed
2019-08-12
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Carolann Williams
Formed
1827
Legal Domicile
Ma
Voting Board Members
19
Independent Board Members
14
Employees
2,109
Volunteers
192

Preparer

Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Address
101 SEAPORT BLVD SUITE 500, BOSTON, MA 02210
Preparer
Erin Couture
Phone
6175305000
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Form 990 Part I, Line 1 & Part III, Line 1

THE MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY ("THE INFIRMARY") IS A NOT-FOR-PROFIT TEACHING HOSPITAL CONDUCTING PATIENT CARE AND RESEARCH. THE INFIRMARY IS A TEACHING HOSPITAL OF HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL AND AN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH. IT HAS THE MOST COMPETITIVE PROGRAM IN THE COUNTRY FOR EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE WORLD'S LARGEST OPHTHALMIC FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. IT IS PART OF A SYSTEM OF RELATED ENTITIES THAT PROVIDE SPECIALIZED MEDICAL CARE COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS "MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY" ("MEEI"). FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A: Massachusetts Eye and Ear is a specialty hospital dedicated to excellence in the care of disorders that affect the eye, ear, nose, throat and adjacent regions of the head and neck. World-renowned for care, research and teaching in these areas of expertise, Mass. Eye and Ear physicians and scientists are driven by a mission to find cures for blindness and deafness. In the 2018-2019 "Best Hospitals Survey," U.S. News & World Report again ranked Mass. Eye and Ear a top hospital in the nation: #4 for eye care and #6 for ear, nose and throat care. The commitment to provide compassionate and accessible patient care continued with the expansion to twenty clinical care locations in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. In 2018 Mass. Eye and Ear became a proud member of the Partners HealthCare system. This integration has and will continue to allow for a more seamless sharing of some of the centralized services Partners extends to its entities, including PeopleSoft (enterprise resource planning) and Epic (unified patient care system). CLINICAL HIGHLIGHTS DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY - FACULTY HIRES Paolo Bispo, PhD Yihe Chen, MD Deborah Jacobs, MD Lynette Johns, OD Patrick Lee, OD Courtney Ondeck, MD, MPhil Elizabeth Rossin, MD, PhD Bart Chwalisz, MD (part-time) David Sola-Del Valle, MD Allison Soneru, MD Aisha Traish, MD Tav van Zyl, MD Nazlee Zebardast, MD, MSc Department of Ophthalmology - Faculty Appointments Professor of Ophthalmology Eric Pierce, MD, PhD: William F. Chatlos Professor of Ophthalmology Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Dean Cestari, MD Jack Greiner, MS, OD, DO, PhD (Part-time) Tatjana Jakobs, MD George Papaliodis, MD Luk Vandenberghe, PhD Mary Aronow, MD Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology Petr Baranov, MD, PhD Jason Comander, MD, PhD Tobias Elze, PhD Kevin Houston, OD, MSc Charles Leahy, OD, MS (Part-time) John B. Miller, MD Ayellet Segr, MSc, PhD Brian Song, MD Yoshihiro Yonekawa, MD Instructor in Ophthalmology Paulo Bispo, PhD Yihe Chen, MD Department of Otolaryngology - Faculty Hires Full-time Medical Staff Dunia E. Abdul-Aziz, MD Craig A. Jones, MD Matthew R. Naunheim, MD Michael D. Otremba, MD Research Faculty Daniel L. Faden, MD Srinivas Vinod Saladi, PhD Community-based Medical Staff Pamela S. Jones, MD Vishnu Kannabiran, MD Geoffrey E. Leber, MD, FACS George A. Scangas, MD Department of Otolaryngology - Faculty Appointments Professor Mark A. Varvares, MD Associate Professor Stacey T. Gray, MD Kristina Simonyan, MD, PhD, Dr med Assistant Professor Alicia M. Quesnel, MD Anne E. Takesian, PhD Department of Otolaryngology - Other Promotions/New Leadership Jean Bruch, DMD, MD, was named director of the Norman Knight Hyperbaric Medicine Center Nate Jowett, MD, FRCSC, was named director of the Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory Faisal Karmali, PhD, and Richard F. Lewis, MD, were named co-directors of the Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory Konstantina M. Stankovic, MD, PhD, FACS, was promoted to director of the Division of Otology and Neurotology Department of Anesthesiology - Faculty Hires Melina Hutchison, CRNA Timothy Riley, CRNA Department of Anesthesiology - Faculty Promotions Alvaro Andres Macias, MD: Associate Clinical Director; Assistant Professor, Active Staff Mass Eye and Ear Iuliu Fat, MD: Associate Medical Director for Preoperative Evaluation and Testing; Associate Anesthesiologist, Active Staff, Mass Eye and Ear Gustavo Lozad

Research Highlights

Department of Ophthalmology AMD Center of Excellence Researchers Identify Potential Blood Markers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Research conducted by a team of Mass. Eye and Ear investigators showed that metabolomics can be used to identify potential blood biomarkers for AMD, including its severity stages. Metabolomics is the study of circulating metabolites in our body that reflect our genes and the effect of the environment and, therefore, are thought to closely represent the true functional state of complex diseases, including AMD. In collaboration with the University of Coimbra and colleagues at the Channing Division of Network Medicine of Brigham and Women's Hospital, the researchers-including Deeba Husain, MD, and Joan W. Miller, MD-studied blood samples from 90 patients with AMD and identified 87 metabolites that were significantly different when compared to those without AMD. They also note varying characteristics among the blood profiles at each stage of the disease. The most significant metabolites are involved in lipid metabolism, particularly via the glycerophospholipid pathway. This work supports research suggesting that lipids may be involved in the pathogenesis of AMD, although the exact role of lipids in the disease process remains unclear. The results from this study indicate that metabolomics profiling may provide novel insights into the relationship between lipids and AMD. These findings may lead to earlier diagnosis and better prognostic information for patients, and, potentially, new targets for AMD treatment. Cornea Center of Excellence New Strategy May Help Promote Corneal Allograft Survival Mass. Eye and Ear researchers led by senior author Reza Dana, MD, MPH, MSc, have developed a potential new strategy for improving outcomes in corneal transplant surgeries by injecting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) into the eye. The team reports for the first time that injection of the neuropeptide VIP directly into the eyes of mice enhanced corneal graft survival. The study shows that VIP produced other benefits, including acceleration of endothelial wound closure, protection of corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs), and improved corneal graft clarity. If proven successful in clinical studies, this novel approach may help alleviate vision loss in many patients with corneal disease. Diabetic Eye Disease Center of Excellence Imaging May Offer New Insights into Disease Progression of Diabetic Choroidopathy According to a study led by John B. Miller, MD new imaging modalities, such as swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), may help researchers understand how the choroidal vasculature contributes to diabetic eye disease. The cross-sectional study used SS-OCT, a novel OCT device that enables imaging the choroid with better resolution, and studied patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Choroidal vascular density (CVD) and choroidal vascular volume (CVV) were introduced as new quantitative parameters to assess the choroidal vasculature. Study results demonstrated that diabetic eyes with diabetic macular edema or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) demonstrated a reduced CVD, as compared to controls. Additionally, eyes with PDR also demonstrated reduced CVV. These results suggest that vascular abnormalities accumulate with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. This study also emphasizes that a diabetic choroidopathy (i.e. changes in the choroidal vasculature) probably occurs simultaneously with changes in the retinal vasculature, even though it is still not clear if this is a primary or secondary event. Elucidating the relationship between diabetic choroidopathy and retinopathy is essential for a more complete understanding of diabetic eye disease, and to improve its prognosis and treatment. Glaucoma Center of Excellence Infectious Disease Institute Researchers Discover New Class of Antibiotics to Fight Leading Superbugs In a significant advance against drug-resistant superbugs, inv

Other Research

Microglia protect sensory cells needed for vision after retinal detachment A research team led by senior author Kip Connor, PhD, has shown that microglia, the primary immune cells of the brain and retina, play a protective role in response to retinal detachment. Retinal detachment and subsequent degeneration of the retina can lead to progressive visual decline due to photoreceptor cell death, the major light-sensing cell in the eye. The researchers describe, for the first time, the beneficial role of microglial cells in the eye after retinal detachment - migrating to the site of injury to protect photoreceptors and to regulate local inflammation. Department of Otolaryngology Basic Science Researchers use optogenetics to transform cells in the ear to respond to light A Mass. Eye and Ear research team has shown that cells in the inner ear can become photoactive through the use of optogenetics, opening the door for a new generation of hearing devices that can be stimulated more precisely using laser light. In a report published in Molecular Therapy, the researchers describe successfully delivering light-sensitive microbial proteins (known as "opsins") to the cochlea. By changing the properties of these cells to react to laser light, the researchers hope that the technology accelerates the development of a new kind of cochlear implant that's performance is closer to natural hearing. While today's cochlear implants have restored hearing to more than 320,000 people, hearing through a cochlear implant is different from normal hearing. This is because current technology relies on a series of electrodes implanted in the fluid-filled inner ear that receive information from an external sound processor and microphone and sends that information to the cochlear nerve, and to the brain. The electrical current generated by the electrodes can be difficult to focus, especially in a conducting medium of fluid. Unlike electricity, using optogenetics to stimulate cells in the inner ear with laser light may offer a more focused beam that restricts the path of light to the hundreds of cells that are photoactive. Invasive cells in head and neck tumors predict cancer spread Head and neck tumors that contain cells undergoing a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition - which transforms them from neatly organized blocks into irregular structures that extrude into the surrounding environment - are more likely to invade and spread to other parts of the body, according to a study led by researchers from Mass. Eye and Ear, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. In a report published in Cell, the researchers created the first atlas of head and neck cancer, revealing the many different kinds of cells, cancerous and non-cancerous, in primary head and neck tumors and their metastases. The findings provide important clues as to how head and neck cancers metastasize, and may have implications for other common cancers as well. Using a process known as single-cell RNA-sequencing, the researchers analyzed more than 6,000 individual cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas - the most common head and neck tumor. Through their analysis, the research team was able to characterize a unique structural transition involving cancer cells and normal cells in their environment that allows tumors to spread. Synaptopathy in the aging cochlea A fairly universal communication problem for middle aged and older listeners is an increasing difficulty understanding speech in noisy conditions. The discovery by Mass. Eye and Ear investigators in 2009 of dramatic age- and noise exposure-related cochlear synaptopathy, i.e., the loss of synaptic connections between the inner hair cell and the auditory nerve fibers that carry their information toward the brain, has suggested a possible contributor to these performance declines. In a recent study funded by the Department of Defense and published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researcher

CRISPR therapy preserves hearing in progressive deafness model

In collaboration with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Zheng-Yi Chen, PhD, developed a CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing therapy to prevent hearing loss in a mouse model of human genetic progressive deafness. The therapy delivers a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing protein complex directly into the sound-sensing hair cells via lipid rafts to disrupt an autosomal dominant mutation that would otherwise cause the cells to die. The researchers tested the method in a mouse model of progressive hearing loss with a mutated Tmc1 gene. The team injected the gene-editing mix into the cochlea of newborn mice genetically destined for profound hearing loss. The treated mice maintained a substantial amount of their hearing compared to the untreated mice. At four weeks, the untreated mice had a measurable response in their brainstem to sound starting at roughly 80 decibels, the volume of a garbage disposal or a loud radio. But the treated mice responded to sound starting around 65 decibels-approximately the same volume as a typical spoken conversation. Physiological measurements showed that the hair cells survived at a higher rate in the treated cochlea. At eight weeks, treated mice also retained their instinctive physical "startle" response to sudden loud sound, while the untreated mice did not respond. The work represents a significant step toward genome-editing to halt progression of genetic hearing loss. Delivering the Cas9 protein itself locally, instead of DNA elements that the cell can use to build Cas9, improved the DNA specificity and potential safety of the treatment. Cochlear amplification and tuning depend on the cellular arrangement within the organ of Corti The field of cochlear mechanics has been undergoing a revolution due to recent findings made possible by advancements in measurement techniques. While it has long been assumed that basilar-membrane (BM) motion is the most important determinant of sound transduction by the inner hair cells (IHCs), a recent study led by Sunil Puria, PhD, showed that other parts of the sensory epithelium close to the IHCs, such as the reticular lamina (RL), move with significantly greater amplitude for weaker sounds. With a computational-model of the mouse cochlea, the researchers showed that individual outer hair cells (OHCs) can work together to produce high hearing sensitivity and frequent selectivity because of the overlapping asymmetrical Y-shaped structures that they form with the Deiters' cells (DCs) and phalangeal processes (PhPs). Altering the geometry and material properties of these structures reveals that all three components have a profound effect on BM and reticular-lamina amplification and tuning. These results imply that the DCs and PhPs must be properly accounted for in emerging OHC regeneration therapies. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for treatment of androgenic alopecia Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a minimally invasive, office-based procedure that uses autologous growth factors from a standard venipuncture to stimulate hair growth in patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA). Although PRP is commonly used to treat orthopedic issues and burn injuries, it is still a relatively novel technique for treatment of androgenic alopecia. A team of researchers, including Linda N. Lee, MD, Jenny X. Chen, MD, and Natalie Justicz, MD, performed a systematic review of the literature to examine the use and efficacy of PRP for AGA. The results of the study demonstrated PRP is a low-risk intervention that is associated with high patient satisfaction and objective improvements in multiple outcome measurements. The study revealed a range of techniques and protocols, highlighting the need for further research to standardize delivery methods and clinical outcome measurements. Mass. Eye and Ear is currently one of the only academic centers in the Northeast to perform and study this technique, both as a stand-alone procedure for androgenic alope

News Highlights

Department of Ophthalmology In March Mass. Eye and Ear made medical history by performing the first FDA-approved LuxturnaT gene therapy procedure on a patient with inherited blindness. This is the first time any FDA-approved gene therapy has been given to a patient for any inherited disease. The treatment was developed by Spark Therapeutics and approved in December, 2017 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients aged 12 months and older. Luxturna has been shown to improve visual function in children and adults with inherited retinal disease caused by mutations in the gene RPE65 for LCA inherited blindness. The landmark procedure was performed by Jason Comander MD, PhD, Associate Director of the Inherited Retinal Disorders Service at Mass. Eye and Ear in Boston. Several groups initiated clinical development, but special mention should be made of the team led by Dr. Jean Bennett at University of Pennsylvania. Mass. Eye and Ear has led the ophthalmology community in the development of outcome measures for ophthalmology, consistently publishing these measures since 2010 in a Quality and Outcomes Report. The department was also among the first to contribute electronic health record data to the American Academy of Ophthalmology's IRIS Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). As one of five academic groups awarded unique access to the American Academy of Ophthalmology's IRIS Registry, Mass. Eye and Ear is now at the forefront of working with big data for quality improvement and monitoring. Launched in 2014, the IRIS Registry is the nation's first comprehensive eye disease and condition registry and the world's largest specialty clinical data registry. As of April 1, the registry includes nearly 18,000 physicians, 48 million unique patients from all payers contributing 199.6 million patient visits. The Mass. Eye and Ear IRIS Registry Analytics Team -led by co-principal investigators Alice C. Lorch, MD and Joan W. Miller, MD- will involve investigation and partnership with many faculty at Mass. Eye and Ear over the coming years. Other academic groups awarded access include Stanford University, University of Michigan/UCLA/Duke/UNC, University of Washington, and Wills Eye Hospital. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B EDUCATION As a Harvard Medical School teaching hospital, Mass. Eye and Ear trains future medical leaders in the fields of ophthalmology and otolaryngology through residency programs, as well as clinical and research fellowships. Department of Otolaryngology 27 Residents 10 Clinical Fellows 81 Research Fellows 3 Research Residents Department of Ophthalmology 24 Residents 26 Clinical Fellows 108 Research Fellows 1 Optometric Resident In other ENT education news, we continue to enjoy our state-of-the-art Otolaryngology Surgical Training Laboratory and have held several major courses there this year. Our department organized its first "Women in Otolaryngology" symposium to discuss the opportunities and challenges of being a woman in a historically male-dominated field. Our panelists included Stacey T. Gray, MD, Margaret A. Kenna, MD, MPH, Konstantina M. Stankovic, MD, PhD, and Sylvette R. Wiener-Vacher, MD, PhD. We held our first annual Mastoid Bowl this summer. Hosted by Daniel J. Lee, MD, FACS, this competition evaluated otolaryngology residents as they performed mastoidectomies on cadavers in the Joseph B. Nadol, Jr., MD, Surgical Training Laboratory. The winner was Chief Resident Katie Phillips, MD. Our year-end graduation lectureship has been officially named the "Joseph B. Nadol, Jr. Lectureship." Dr. Nadol has contributed, and continues to contribute, to the stature and standing of this department in so many ways. Department of Ophthalmology The Mass. Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology established the Distinguished Scholar in Ophthalmology. Several Mass. Eye and Ear faculty presented named lectures at the 2018 American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Annual Meeting in October. Joan W. Miller, MD presented the Sc

Innovation and Interaction Sessions is A new educational initiative

that brings residents together for one 3-hour block each month to participate in innovative and interactive learning utilizing the Surgical Training Laboratory. The first session on August 3, 2018 was led by Silas Wang, MD and Elizabeth Rossin, MD, PhD. Highlights included practicing setting up and priming the phaco machine, loading 1-piece and 3-piece IOLs, positioning and manipulation of the microscope, paracentesis and main wound construction followed by suturing of wounds, teaching sutures, and learning to load and implant capsular tension rings and 3-piece IOLs. The second session on September 7, 2018 was led by David Hunter, MD, PhD, David Sol-del Valle, MD, Tav van Zyl, MD, and Dr. Rossin. Junior residents participated in a Refraction boot camp where they learned about retinoscopy and refraction. Senior residents participated in a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) workshop where they learned to place an iStent, and having completed this training are now able to participate in MIGS procedures with Dr. Sol-del Valle in the operating room. Resident feedback on these sessions has been very positive. A continuity clinic was created to supplement the continuity in patient care that residents experience in caring for patients within the clinical rotations. In this enhanced continuity experience, residents see patients that they evaluated in the Mass. Eye and Ear Emergency Department (MEE ED) in follow-up appointments. Residents also have the opportunity to participate in surgeries of patients that they initially cared for in the MEE ED. Residents attend continuity clinic approximately 2 half days per month. This clinic is directly supervised by the Mass Eye and Ear Chief Resident, who is a member of the Mass Eye and Ear faculty. Feedback from residents and faculty has been positive. An ophthalmology residency program wellness committee was formed consisting of residents and faculty members. The committee works with the residency program, the department, and the GME efforts to support and encourage activities that promote resident wellness. Examples of early initiatives include revamping the resident room, a space in which the residents have workspaces, lockers, computers, and often spend down-time, as well as organizing a series of resident-faculty social activities outside of work. Mass Eye and Ear has also appointed a resident representative to the Partners Healthcare Resident Wellness Committee. We aim to continue growth of these important initiatives. Awards and Honors Department of Ophthalmology Petr Baranov, PhD: Audacious Goals Initiative for Regenerative Medicine grant, National Eye Institute (in collaboration with Vanderbilt University Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham) Dean Cestari, MD: A. Clifford Barger Excellence in Mentoring Award, Harvard Medical School; Dean's Community Service Award, Harvard Medical School; Surgical Teacher of the Year, Harvard Department of Ophthalmology Han-Ying (Peggy) Chang, MD: Norman Knight Leadership Award, Mass. Eye and Ear Jing Chen, PhD: Special Scholar Award, Research to Prevent Blindness Teresa C. Chen, MD: Senior Achievement Award, American Academy of Ophthalmology James Chodosh, MD, MPH: Jones/Smolin Lecture, American Academy of Ophthalmology Joseph B. Ciolino, MD: Sloan Healthcare Innovation Prize, MIT Patricia A. D'Amore, PhD, MBA: American Academy of the Arts and Sciences Elected Fellow; Barbara J. McNeil Faculty Award for Exceptional Service to HMS/HSDM Reza Dana, MD, MSc, MPH: Friedenwald Award, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology; Stein Innovation Award, Research to Prevent Blindness Mary-Magdalene (Ugo) Dodd, MD: 2018 Fellow Research Award, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Thaddeus Dryja, MD: Helen Keller Prize for Vision Research, BrightFocus and Helen Keller Foundation; Appointed Associate Member of Broad Institute Rosario Fernandez-Godino, PhD, MSc: BrightFocus Foundation Award (for macular de

Department of Otolaryngology

Dunia Abdul-Aziz, MD, was the recipient of the 2017 Yellen Young Investigator Award. This award is made possible by the generosity of Mass. Eye and Ear Trustees, Patricia and Barry Yellen. Daniel G. Deschler, MD, FACS, and Marlene L. Durand, MD, published a new textbook, Infections of the Ears, Nose, Throat, and Sinuses. Dr. Deschler was also appointed chair of the Patient Care Division of the American Head and Neck Society. Kevin S. Emerick, MD, is the recipient of the 2018 Chris O'Brien Traveling Fellowship, which is presented by The Research and Education Foundation of the American Head and Neck Society. Allen Feng, MD, and Sid Puram, MD, PhD, were the co-recipients of the 2018 Triological Society (Eastern Section)'s William W. Montgomery, MD Resident Research Award for their abstract, "Intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery: Trends among otolaryngologists and general surgeons." Tessa A. Hadlock, MD, was re-elected as president of the International Sir Charles Bell Society. Eric H. Holbrook, MD, joined the American Rhinologic Society Board of Directors. Judith S. Kempfle, MD, won the poster blitz contest at the 2018 Association for Research in Otolaryngology annual meeting. Elliott D. Kozin, MD, was named a 2018 Star Reviewer for the journal Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Robin W. Lindsay, MD, was named co-chair of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Meeting at the Combined Otolaryngology Spring Meetings and chair of the WIO Research and Survey Committee for the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Gregory W. Randolph, MD, FACS, FACE, has been elected chair of the Endocrine Surgery Section of the American Head and Neck Society. Steven D. Rauch, MD, received an honorary professorship at the Annual Vestibular Conference of the Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences in Guangzhou, China. He was also appointed as a member of the Mnire's Disease Advisory Board of the Hearing Health Foundation. Ahmad R. Sedaghat, MD, PhD, was the recipient of the 2018 Eleanor and Miles Shore Fellowship Program Award for Scholars in Medicine. Mark G. Shrime, MD, MPH, PhD, FACS, was awarded the 2018 Arnold P. Gold Foundation Award for Humanism in Medicine by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Kristina Simonyan, MD, PhD, Dr med, was invited to serve on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Tourette Association of America. Department of Anesthesiology Iuliu Fat, MD: MEE/HMS Department of Anesthesia: Excellence in Teaching Award Department of Radiology MEE Radiology Department: 52nd ASHNR Annual Meeting, First Place for Best Scientific Electronic Exhibit Dr. Amy Juliano: RSNA International Visiting Professor Dr. Katherine Reinshagen: Promoted to Associate Staff Radiologist Form 990, Part III, Line 4c Facilities, Equipment and Technology Department of Ophthalmology Mass. Eye and Ear launched a unique emergency department (ED) and inpatient consultation service, known as the Ophthalmology Hospitalist Program. Senior credentialed ophthalmologists now provide consults for patients admitted to general hospitals, including Mass General, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Faulkner Hospital. The program fortifies connections among Harvard Ophthalmology hospital affiliates, and enhances trainee education and the existing consult service at Mass. Eye and Ear. Members of the hospitalist program include Jane Schweitzer, MD, Jo-Ann Haney-Tilton, MD, FACS, EMHL, and Aisha Traish, MD. The refractive and laser vision correction services moved to Mass. Eye and Ear's Waltham patient care site in November, 2018. Mass. Eye and Ear now offers a new type of minimally-invasive laser vision correction, the ReLEx SMILE procedure for the treatment of myopia (nearsightedness) at its Waltham location. Mass. Eye and Ear specialists are among the most experienced with the SMILEapproach nationwide, and the first in New England to offer the procedure. A new collaborat

Form 990, Part XI, Line 9

Other changes in net assets or fund balances: adjustment for pension and postretirement related changes other than net periodic pension cost: $13,940,727

Financial Statement Notes

SCHEDULE D, PART III, LINE 4:

The rare books collection consists mainly of several hundred books in the meei specialties of ophthalmology and otolaryngology as well as a few on the medical history of boston and massachusetts. The majority were donated originally by moses lurie, md and mrs. Lucien howe (wife of lucien howe, md). A few were donated by other physicians through the years. Endowment funds set up between mrs. Howe and dr. Lurie were designated for the occasional purchase of rare books to supplement the original donations. The rare books are available to the scientific, medical and academic community for purposes of research and education.

SCHEDULE D, PART V, LINE 4:

The endowment functions to support the mission of the massachusetts eye and ear infirmary to provide superior patient care and research. The income from the endowment funds is subject to donor-imposed stipulations usually for research, education and patient care.

SCHEDULE D, PART X, LINE 2:

The massachusetts eye and ear infirmary ("infirmary") was included in consolidated financial statements with its affiliated organizations. The income tax footnote is as follows: the foundation and its affiliates qualify as tax-exempt organizations under the internal revenue code. The foundation, infirmary, associates, schepens and embankment are tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) of the internal revenue code and circle is tax-exempt under 501(c)(25) of the internal revenue code. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been made in the accompanying financial statements. Management has evaluated accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and there was no impact to the foundation's financial statements for the year ended september 30, 2018.

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