Liabilities / Assets
90th percentile
Higher debt load relative to assets than 90% of similar nonprofits.
Reach Ministries Missions
EIN 99-0444129 • 501(c)3 • Yorktown, TX
Profile
Our mission is to provide outreach and advance religion in the US and Kenya by supplying the poor and underserved with basic needs such as food, water, and housing, as well as providing spiritual guidance.
Siviq Scores
Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.
0.60x
Liabilities / Revenue
78th percentile
Higher debt load relative to revenue than 78% of similar nonprofits.
Net Margin
32nd percentile
Higher net margin than 32% of similar nonprofits.
Top Officer Pay
84th percentile
Higher top officer pay than 84% of similar nonprofits.
Top officer pay equals 0.0% of source-year revenue.
Asset Growth
17th percentile
Faster asset growth than 17% of similar nonprofits.
Revenue Growth
98th percentile
Faster revenue growth than 98% of similar nonprofits.
Balance Sheet
Assets
Down$7,902
Down $8,255 (-51%) from 2023
Liabilities
Down$4,775
Down $20 (-0.4%) from 2023
Net Assets
Down$3,127
Down $8,235 (-72%) from 2023
Revenue
Up$98,342
Up $84,185 (+595%) from 2023
Expenses
Up$106,577
Up $93,671 (+726%) from 2023
Net Income
Down-$8,235
Down $9,486 (-758%) from 2023
Trend Graphs
Filings
Most recent year
2024 • Form 990EZDetailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.
- Assets
- $7,902
- Liabilities
- $4,775
- Net assets
- $3,127
- Revenue
- $98,342
- Expenses
- $106,577
- Net income
- -$8,235
Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
- Filing Period
- Jan 1, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024
- Signed
- Oct 16, 2025
- Return Version
- 2024v5.2
- Gross Receipts
- $98,342
Mission and Program Overview
Mission
Our mission is to provide outreach and advance religion in the US and Kenya by supplying the poor and underserved with basic needs such as food, water, and housing, as well as providing spiritual guidance.
Program Services
| Description | Grants | Expenses |
|---|---|---|
| Our accomplishments for 2024 are as follows:A. SCHOOL FUNDING IMPROVEMENTS AND TUITION PROJECTSB. CLOTHING PROJECTSC. FEEDING PROGRAMSD. TRAINING LEADERSHIPE. TRAINING VOCATIONAL (TEXTILE, SOAP, AGRICULTURE, SEWING)F. CHURCH ESTABLISHMENT PROJECTSG. FEMININE HYGIENE TRAINING AND COUNSELING PROJECTSH. HOUSING ASSISTANCE FOR THE UNDERSERVEDI. ADULT BIBLE BASED EDUCATIONJ. ORPHANAGE FEEDING AND HOUSING PROJECTS | $65,000 | $97,110 |
Compensation and Service Providers
Employees
| Name | Title | Full / Part Time | Base | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Richard Cox | President, Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| James Hughes | Secretary, Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| Carolyn Morehead | Treasurer, Director | - | $0 | - | - |
Filing and Contact Details
Filer
- Filer Name
- Reach Ministries Missions
- EIN
- 99-0444129
- Phone
- 7149369064
- Address
- PO Box 107, Yorktown, TX 78164
Signing Officer
- Name
- Richard Cox
- Title
- President, Director
- Signed
- 2025-10-16
- Discuss with paid preparer
- Yes
Preparer
- Firm
- Floyd Green Jr CPA PC
- Address
- 3114 Mercer University Drive Suite, Atlanta, GA 30341
- Preparer
- Floyd Green Jr CPA
- Phone
- 7704572550
Supplemental Narrative
Additional Explanations
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.1
“Class of Activity: Feeding Program | Donee's Name: MIRACLE LAND MINISTRIES | Donee's Address: P. O. BOX 17988 NAIROBI Sub Saharan Africa 00100 Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $15000”
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.2
“Class of Activity: Building Program | Donee's Name: TMLT MINISTRIES | Donee's Address: PO box 7434 Kisumu Sub Saharan Africa 40100 Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $10000”
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.3
“Class of Activity: Feeding Program | Donee's Name: BETHLEHEM CHURCH | Donee's Address: P.O Box 5145 Nairobi Sub Saharan Africa 00100 Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $15000”
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.4
“Class of Activity: Scholarships & Feeding | Donee's Name: GLORY CHRISTIAN EDUCATION CENTER | Donee's Address: Uganda Street, Zaburi 41 House NAIROBI Sub Saharan Africa Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $15000”
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.5
“Class of Activity: Building Program | Donee's Name: DOVE MINISTRIES | Donee's Address: P.O.Box 28721 Nairobi Sub Saharan Africa 00200 Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $10000”
Other Expenses.1002
“Office Expenses $3867”
Other Expenses.1005
“Travel $18050”
Other Expenses.1
“Meals $5860”
Total Liabilities.1001
“Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses - Beginning $4795 Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses - Ending $4775”
Raw XML Appendix163 raw XML fields
This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.
| Path | # | Value |
|---|---|---|
| IRS990EZ/ActivitiesNotPreviouslyRptInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/PersonNm | 0 | Richard Cox |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/PhoneNum | 0 | 7149369064 |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 0 | PO Box 107 |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/CityNm | 0 | Yorktown |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 0 | TX |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/ZIPCd | 0 | 78164 |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestmentsGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 16157 |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestmentsGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 7902 |
| IRS990EZ/ChgMadeToOrgnzngDocNotRptInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/ContributionsGiftsGrantsEtcAmt | 0 | 98342 |
| IRS990EZ/CostOfGoodsSoldAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/CostOrOtherBasisExpenseSaleAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/DonorAdvisedFndsInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/ExcessOrDeficitForYearAmt | 0 | -8235 |
| IRS990EZ/FeesAndOtherPymtToIndCntrctAmt | 0 | 800 |
| IRS990EZ/FiledScheduleAInd | 0 | true |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignFinancialAccountInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignOfficeInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/Form1120PolFiledInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/Form990TotalAssetsGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 16157 |
| IRS990EZ/Form990TotalAssetsGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 7902 |
| IRS990EZ/FundraisingGrossIncomeAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/GrantsAndSimilarAmountsPaidAmt | 0 | 65000 |
| IRS990EZ/GrossReceiptsAmt | 0 | 98342 |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIIInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/LobbyingActivitiesInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/MadeLoansToFromOfficersInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/MethodOfAccountingCashInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt | 0 | 11362 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt | 0 | 3127 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 11362 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 3127 |
| IRS990EZ/OccupancyRentUtltsAndMaintAmt | 0 | 8200 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 0 | 2.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 1 | 2.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 2 | 2.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 0 | Richard Cox |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 1 | James Hughes |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 2 | Carolyn Morehead |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 0 | President, Dir. |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 1 | Secretary, Dir. |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 2 | Treasurer, Dir. |
| IRS990EZ/OperateHospitalInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/Organization501c3Ind | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationDissolvedEtcInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationHadUBIInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/OtherExpensesTotalAmt | 0 | 27777 |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIHghstPdCntrctProfSrvcTxt | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIOfCompOfHghstPdEmplTxt | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PoliticalCampaignActyInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/PrimaryExemptPurposeTxt | 0 | Our mission is to provide outreach and advance religion in the US and Kenya by supplying the poor and underserved with basic needs such as food, water, and housing, as well as providing spiritual guidance. |
| IRS990EZ/PrintingPublicationsPostageAmt | 0 | 4800 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/DescriptionProgramSrvcAccomTxt | 0 | Our accomplishments for 2024 are as follows:A. SCHOOL FUNDING IMPROVEMENTS AND TUITION PROJECTSB. CLOTHING PROJECTSC. FEEDING PROGRAMSD. TRAINING LEADERSHIPE. TRAINING VOCATIONAL (TEXTILE, SOAP, AGRICULTURE, SEWING)F. CHURCH ESTABLISHMENT PROJECTSG. FEMININE HYGIENE TRAINING AND COUNSELING PROJECTSH. HOUSING ASSISTANCE FOR THE UNDERSERVEDI. ADULT BIBLE BASED EDUCATIONJ. ORPHANAGE FEEDING AND HOUSING PROJECTS |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/ForeignGrantsInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/GrantsAndAllocationsAmt | 0 | 65000 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/ProgramServiceExpensesAmt | 0 | 97110 |
| IRS990EZ/ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/SchoolOperatingInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/SpecialEventsDirectExpensesAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/SubjectToProxyTaxInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilitiesGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 4795 |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilitiesGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 4775 |
| IRS990EZ/TanningServicesProvidedInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedOnOrganizationMgrAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4911Amt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4912Amt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4955Amt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxReimbursedByOrganizationAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalExpensesAmt | 0 | 106577 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt | 0 | 97110 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalRevenueAmt | 0 | 98342 |
| IRS990EZ/TransactionWithControlEntInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd | 0 | false |
| IRS990EZ/TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/WebsiteAddressTxt | 0 | N/A |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmountsRcvdDsqlfyPersonGrp/CurrentTaxYearAmt | 0 | 26625 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmountsRcvdDsqlfyPersonGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 26625 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/First5Years509Ind | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp/CurrentTaxYearAmt | 0 | 98342 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt | 0 | 14157 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp/TotalAmt | 0 | 112499 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GovtFurnSrvcFcltsVl509Grp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509Grp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsNonUnrltBusGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeCYPct | 0 | 0.00000 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/NetIncomeFromOtherUBIGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509Grp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Post1975UBTIGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PubliclySupportedOrg509a2Ind | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportCY509Pct | 0 | 0.00000 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportTotal509Amt | 0 | 85874 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SubstAndDsqlfyPrsnsTotGrp/CurrentTaxYearAmt | 0 | 26625 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SubstAndDsqlfyPrsnsTotGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 26625 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SubstantialContributorsAmtGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TaxRevLeviedOrgnztnlBnft509Grp/TotalAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509Grp/CurrentTaxYearAmt | 0 | 98342 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt | 0 | 14157 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509Grp/TotalAmt | 0 | 112499 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp/CurrentTaxYearAmt | 0 | 98342 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt | 0 | 14157 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp/TotalAmt | 0 | 112499 |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorBusinessName/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorNum | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine2 | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/City | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/State | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/TotalContributionsAmt | 0 | RESTRICTED |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 0 | Class of Activity: Feeding Program | Donee's Name: MIRACLE LAND MINISTRIES | Donee's Address: P. O. BOX 17988 NAIROBI Sub Saharan Africa 00100 Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $15000 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 1 | Class of Activity: Building Program | Donee's Name: TMLT MINISTRIES | Donee's Address: PO box 7434 Kisumu Sub Saharan Africa 40100 Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $10000 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 2 | Class of Activity: Feeding Program | Donee's Name: BETHLEHEM CHURCH | Donee's Address: P.O Box 5145 Nairobi Sub Saharan Africa 00100 Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $15000 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 3 | Class of Activity: Scholarships & Feeding | Donee's Name: GLORY CHRISTIAN EDUCATION CENTER | Donee's Address: Uganda Street, Zaburi 41 House NAIROBI Sub Saharan Africa Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $15000 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 4 | Class of Activity: Building Program | Donee's Name: DOVE MINISTRIES | Donee's Address: P.O.Box 28721 Nairobi Sub Saharan Africa 00200 Kenya | Relationship of Donee: National Partner | Cash Amount Given: $10000 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 5 | Office Expenses $3867 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 6 | Travel $18050 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 7 | Meals $5860 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 8 | Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses - Beginning $4795 Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses - Ending $4775 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 0 | Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.1 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 1 | Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.2 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 2 | Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.3 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 3 | Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.4 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 4 | Grants and Similar Amounts Paid In Excess of $5,000.5 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 5 | Other Expenses.1002 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 6 | Other Expenses.1005 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 7 | Other Expenses.1 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 8 | Total Liabilities.1001 |
| ReturnHeader/BuildTS | 0 | 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z |
| ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd | 0 | true |
| ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonNm | 0 | Richard Cox |
| ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonTitleTxt | 0 | President, Dir. |
| ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/SignatureDt | 0 | 2025-10-16 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 0 | Reach Ministries Missions |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessNameControlTxt | 0 | REAC |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN | 0 | 990444129 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/PhoneNum | 0 | 7149369064 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 0 | PO Box 107 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/CityNm | 0 | Yorktown |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 0 | TX |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCd | 0 | 78164 |
| ReturnHeader/IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd | 0 | true |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmEIN | 0 | 550842444 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 0 | Floyd Green Jr CPA PC |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 0 | 3114 Mercer University Drive Suite |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/CityNm | 0 | Atlanta |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 0 | GA |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/ZIPCd | 0 | 30341 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PhoneNum | 0 | 7704572550 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparerPersonNm | 0 | Floyd Green Jr CPA |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/SelfEmployedInd | 0 | X |
| ReturnHeader/ReturnTs | 0 | 2025-10-16T06:43:27-07:00 |
| ReturnHeader/ReturnTypeCd | 0 | 990EZ |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDt | 0 | 2024-01-01 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDt | 0 | 2024-12-31 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxYr | 0 | 2024 |
Document Assets
No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.