Civic Intelligence

Piping Industry Progress & Education

990 • Fiscal year 2017 • EIN 86-0490231

Jun 01, 2016 to May 31, 2017 • Filed on Nov 28, 2017

Organization Profilewww.pipetrust.org
125 S 52nd StTempe, AZ 85281-7207

(480) 966-0377

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.

Liabilities / Assets

29th percentile

0.00x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 29% of similar nonprofits.

2017 filings • 501(c)5 • $1M-$5M nonprofits • Source year 2017

Liabilities / Revenue

36th percentile

0.00x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 36% of similar nonprofits.

2017 filings • 501(c)5 • $1M-$5M nonprofits • Source year 2017

Net Margin

69th percentile

13%

Higher net margin than 69% of similar nonprofits.

2017 filings • 501(c)5 • $1M-$5M nonprofits • Source year 2017

Top Officer Pay

70th percentile

$150,258

Higher top officer pay than 70% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 22.6% of source-year revenue.

2017 filings • 501(c)5 • $1M-$5M nonprofits • Source year 2017

Asset Growth

53rd percentile

6.6%

Faster asset growth than 53% of similar nonprofits.

2017 filings • 501(c)5 • $1M-$5M nonprofits • Annualized from 2016 to 2017

Revenue Growth

47th percentile

2.5%

Faster revenue growth than 47% of similar nonprofits.

2017 filings • 501(c)5 • $1M-$5M nonprofits • Annualized from 2016 to 2017

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets29th percentile

Assets

Up

$2,561,094

Up $159,601 (+6.6%) from 2016

Net Assets

Up

$2,557,847

Up $176,956 (+7.4%) from 2016

Liabilities

Down

$3,247

Down $17,355 (-84%) from 2016

Revenue And Expenses
Liabilities / Revenue36th percentileNet Margin69th percentile

Revenue

Up

$664,211

Up $16,425 (+2.5%) from 2016

Expenses

Down

$580,413

Down $69,207 (-11%) from 2016

Net Income

Up

$83,798

Up $85,632 (+4669%) from 2016

Historical Trend

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth53rd percentile

The highlighted filing sits inside the broader history for assets, liabilities, and net assets.

$8.0M$6.0M$4.0M$2.0M$0Assets 2012: $1,563,315Liabilities 2012: $4,069Net Assets 2012: $1,559,2462012Assets 2013: $2,268,152Liabilities 2013: $4,966Net Assets 2013: $2,263,1862013Assets 2014: $2,695,196Liabilities 2014: $3,715Net Assets 2014: $2,691,4812014Assets 2015: $2,444,564Liabilities 2015: $4,888Net Assets 2015: $2,439,6762015Assets 2016: $2,401,493Liabilities 2016: $20,602Net Assets 2016: $2,380,8912016Assets 2017: $2,561,094Liabilities 2017: $3,247Net Assets 2017: $2,557,8472017Assets 2018: $3,102,245Liabilities 2018: $7,677Net Assets 2018: $3,094,5682018Assets 2019: $3,844,680Liabilities 2019: $4,482Net Assets 2019: $3,840,1982019Assets 2020: $5,053,457Liabilities 2020: $4,493Net Assets 2020: $5,048,9642020Assets 2021: $6,661,227Liabilities 2021: $5,471Net Assets 2021: $6,655,7562021Assets 2022: $6,990,254Liabilities 2022: $6,252Net Assets 2022: $6,984,0022022Assets 2023: $7,013,017Liabilities 2023: $3,547Net Assets 2023: $7,009,4702023Assets 2025: $5,292,576Liabilities 2025: $1,299,894Net Assets 2025: $3,992,6822025

Highlighted filing

2017

Assets$2,561,094
Liabilities$3,247
Net Assets$2,557,847
Open 2017 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth47th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income across loaded years, with this filing highlighted.

$3.0M$2.0M$1.0M$0-$1.0MRevenue 2012: $1,053,274Expenses 2012: $778,228Net Income 2012: $275,0462012Revenue 2013: $1,307,942Expenses 2013: $677,187Net Income 2013: $630,7552013Revenue 2014: $1,169,835Expenses 2014: $795,460Net Income 2014: $374,3752014Revenue 2015: $605,719Expenses 2015: $842,303Net Income 2015: -$236,5842015Revenue 2016: $647,786Expenses 2016: $649,620Net Income 2016: -$1,8342016Revenue 2017: $664,211Expenses 2017: $580,413Net Income 2017: $83,7982017Revenue 2018: $1,185,708Expenses 2018: $688,581Net Income 2018: $497,1272018Revenue 2019: $1,544,804Expenses 2019: $752,197Net Income 2019: $792,6072019Revenue 2020: $1,907,423Expenses 2020: $779,072Net Income 2020: $1,128,3512020Revenue 2021: $1,360,063Expenses 2021: $751,413Net Income 2021: $608,6502021Revenue 2022: $1,955,265Expenses 2022: $867,430Net Income 2022: $1,087,8352022Revenue 2023: $2,329,396Expenses 2023: $2,157,382Net Income 2023: $172,0142023Revenue 2025: $1,012,294Expenses 2025: $1,377,164Net Income 2025: -$364,8702025

Highlighted filing

2017

Revenue$664,211
Expenses$580,413
Net Income$83,798
Open 2017 Filing
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jun 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017
Signed
Nov 28, 2017
Return Version
2016v3.0
Gross Receipts
$667,993
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Promote pipefitting industry and provide continuing education for its members.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities$1,448,544$1,577,558▲ $129,014
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$497,667$490,789▼ $6,878
Receivable From Disqualified Prsn$379,895$362,891▼ $17,004
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$56,601$116,727▲ $60,126
Inventories for Sale or Use$10,520$7,235▼ $3,285
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$1,546$1,716▲ $170
Total Assets$2,401,493$2,561,094▲ $159,601
Other Assets Total$6,720$4,178▼ $2,542
Liabilities
Other Liabilities$20,602$3,247▼ $17,355
Total Liabilities$20,602$3,247▼ $17,355
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Unrestricted Net Assets$2,380,891$2,557,847▲ $176,956
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$2,380,891$2,557,847▲ $176,956
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$2,401,493$2,561,094▲ $159,601

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Buildings$316,422$40,038$356,460
Land$150,000-$150,000
Equipment$9,839$70,030$79,869
Other Land Buildings$14,528$35,913$50,441
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay70th percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
Carl TriphahnExecutive DirectorFT$113,481$36,777$150,258

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Brian DewittPresident
Ron HudsonVice President
Drew SchroderTrustee at Large
Mark HendersonTrustee at Large
Randy KratzTrustee at Large
Brian DaySecretary/treasurer
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$21,778
Program Service Revenue
$565,969
Investment Income
$57,307
Other Revenue
$19,157
Change in Net Assets
$83,798
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Other Expenses$312,933
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$249,255
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$18,225
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Total Fundraising Expense$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees---$114,629
Other Salaries and Wages---$55,188
Other Employee Benefits---$37,772
All Other Expenses---$35,733
Fees for Services Accounting---$30,965
Depreciation Depletion---$22,581
Occupancy---$22,173
Pension Plan Contributions---$21,175
Payroll Taxes---$20,491
Office Expenses---$18,788
Grants to Domestic Orgs---$18,225
Other Expenses---$17,189
Insurance---$11,477
Fees for Services Lobbying---$10,692
Conferences and Meetings---$10,350
Advertising---$3,881
Fees for Services Legal---$3,258
Information Technology---$2,921
Total Functional Expenses$0$0$0$580,413
International Activity

Grant and Assistance Recipients

RecipientLocationCategoryPurposeAmount
Mayo ClinicRochester, MN501(c)(3)Construction Assistance$10,000
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
In-house lobbying only
Yes
Subject to proxy tax
Yes
Insider Transactions and Loans

Interested-Person Transactions

Interested PartyRelationshipDescriptionShared RevenueAmount
-Common TrusteesReimb Paid for Shared Professional Services.No$27,203
-Common TrusteesPAY 50% OF RENTS RECEIVED ON BUILDING OWNED 50% BY SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE, INC.Yes$17,812
-Common TrusteesRECEIVED INTEREST FROM SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE,INC. DUE TO NOTE PIPE IS CARRYING RESULTING FROM PURCHASING BUILDING WITH SSTA AT 50% EACH.No$9,952
-Common TrusteesReceive Reimb for Shared Admin Expenses.No$1,200

Loans and Receivables

Line ItemBeginningEndChange
Receivables from Disqualified Persons$379,895$362,891▼ $17,004
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
401k Withheld$2,646
Payroll Taxes Withheld$533
Sales Tax Payable$68
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
No
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 7A

“Elections are held annually. Signatory union contractors elect two trustees and one secretary/treasurer. Each year the prior secretary/treasurer then moves up to vice president position and the prior vice president moves up to president position.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11B

“The executive director reviews the tax return before signing and mailing to the Internal Revenue Service. The executive director then informs the trustees that the tax return has been filed.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12C

“Each director shall discuss to the board of directors any duality of interest or possible conflict of interest whenever the duality or conflict pertains to a matter being considered by the board. The director having a duality of interest or conflict of interest on any matter shall abstain from voting on the matter and shall not be counted in determining the quorum for the vote on the matter.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15A

“The executive director's compensation is approved by the trustees. The pay scale is in accordance with the union contract between Pipefitter Union Local 469 and Plumbing and Air Conditioning Contractors of Arizona.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19

“The Organization makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy and financial statements available to the public.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Piping Industry Progress & Education
EIN
86-0490231
Phone
4809660377
Address
125 S 52ND ST, TEMPE, AZ 85281-7207

Signing Officer

Name
Carl Triphahn
Title
Executive Director
Phone
4809660377
Signed
2017-11-28
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Carl Triphahn
Formed
1954
Legal Domicile
Az
Voting Board Members
6
Independent Board Members
6
Employees
14
Volunteers
0

Preparer

Firm
Hammond Travers & Tuttle Pc
Address
6263 N SCOTTSDALE RD STE 250, SCOTTSDALE, AZ 85250-5426
Preparer
Constance Walsh CPA
Phone
4809982755
Raw XML AppendixShowing 400 of 516 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

Path#Value
IRS990/AccountantCompileOrReviewInd00
IRS990/ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd00
IRS990/ActivityOrMissionDesc0PROMOTE PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY AND PROVIDE CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR ITS MEMBERS.
IRS990/AdvertisingGrp/TotalAmt03881
IRS990/AllOtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt035733
IRS990/AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd01
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0PIPE
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/PhoneNum04809660377
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0125 S 52ND ST
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/CityNm0TEMPE
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0AZ
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/ZIPCd085281
IRS990/BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd00
IRS990/BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd01
IRS990/BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd00
IRS990/CashNonInterestBearingGrp/BOYAmt01546
IRS990/CashNonInterestBearingGrp/EOYAmt01716
IRS990/ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd00
IRS990/CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt00
IRS990/CollectionsOfArtInd00
IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/TotalAmt0114629
IRS990/CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd00
IRS990/CompensationProcessCEOInd01
IRS990/CompensationProcessOtherInd00
IRS990/ConferencesMeetingsGrp/TotalAmt010350
IRS990/ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd01
IRS990/ConservationEasementsInd00
IRS990/ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd00
IRS990/CostOfGoodsSoldAmt03782
IRS990/CreditCounselingInd00
IRS990/CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt00
IRS990/CYContributionsGrantsAmt021778
IRS990/CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt018225
IRS990/CYInvestmentIncomeAmt057307
IRS990/CYOtherExpensesAmt0312933
IRS990/CYOtherRevenueAmt019157
IRS990/CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt0565969
IRS990/CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt083798
IRS990/CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt0249255
IRS990/CYTotalExpensesAmt0580413
IRS990/CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt00
IRS990/CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt00
IRS990/CYTotalRevenueAmt0664211
IRS990/DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd00
IRS990/DeductibleArtContributionInd00
IRS990/DeductibleNonCashContriInd00
IRS990/DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd00
IRS990/DepreciationDepletionGrp/TotalAmt022581
IRS990/Desc0PROVIDE 14 EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR ITS MEMBERS.
IRS990/DescribedInSection501c3Ind00
IRS990/DisregardedEntityInd00
IRS990/DocumentRetentionPolicyInd01
IRS990/DonorAdvisedFundInd00
IRS990/ElectionOfBoardMembersInd01
IRS990/EmployeeCnt014
IRS990/EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd01
IRS990/FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd00
IRS990/FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd00
IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/TotalAmt030965
IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/TotalAmt03258
IRS990/FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp/TotalAmt010692
IRS990/ForeignActivitiesInd00
IRS990/ForeignFinancialAccountInd00
IRS990/ForeignOfficeInd00
IRS990/Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt01.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt11.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt21.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt31.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt41.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt51.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt648.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd0X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd1X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd2X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd3X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd4X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd5X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd0X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd1X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd2X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd3X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt10
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt20
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt30
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt40
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt50
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt636777
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm0BRIAN DEWITT
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm1RON HUDSON
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm2BRIAN DAY
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm3RANDY KRATZ
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm4MARK HENDERSON
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm5DREW SCHRODER
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm6CARL TRIPHAHN
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt10
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt20
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt30
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt40
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt50
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt6113481
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt10
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt20
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt30
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt40
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt50
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt60
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt0PRESIDENT
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt1VICE PRESIDENT
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt2SECRETARY/TREASURER
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt3TRUSTEE AT LARGE
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt4TRUSTEE AT LARGE
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt5TRUSTEE AT LARGE
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt6EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
IRS990/Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd00
IRS990/Form990TFiledInd01
IRS990/FormationYr01954
IRS990/FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd00
IRS990/FSAuditedInd00
IRS990/FundraisingActivitiesInd00
IRS990/GamingActivitiesInd00
IRS990/GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt06
IRS990/GovernmentGrantsAmt021778
IRS990/GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp/TotalAmt018225
IRS990/GrantsToIndividualsInd00
IRS990/GrantsToOrganizationsInd01
IRS990/GrantToRelatedPersonInd00
IRS990/GrossReceiptsAmt0667993
IRS990/GrossRentsGrp/RealAmt017812
IRS990/GrossSalesOfInventoryAmt03927
IRS990/GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd00
IRS990/IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd00
IRS990/IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd00
IRS990/IndependentVotingMemberCnt06
IRS990/IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt01
IRS990/IndoorTanningServicesInd00
IRS990/InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd0X
IRS990/InformationTechnologyGrp/TotalAmt02921
IRS990/InsuranceGrp/TotalAmt011477
IRS990/InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp/BOYAmt010520
IRS990/InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp/EOYAmt07235
IRS990/InvestmentIncomeGrp/ExclusionAmt057307
IRS990/InvestmentIncomeGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt057307
IRS990/InvestmentInJointVentureInd00
IRS990/InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp/BOYAmt01448544
IRS990/InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp/EOYAmt01577558
IRS990/IRPDocumentCnt05
IRS990/IRPDocumentW2GCnt00
IRS990/LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt0145981
IRS990/LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp/BOYAmt0497667
IRS990/LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp/EOYAmt0490789
IRS990/LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt0636770
IRS990/LegalDomicileStateCd0AZ
IRS990/LessRentalExpensesGrp/RealAmt00
IRS990/LoanOutstandingInd01
IRS990/LocalChaptersInd00
IRS990/MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd00
IRS990/MembersOrStockholdersInd00
IRS990/MethodOfAccountingCashInd0X
IRS990/MinutesOfCommitteesInd01
IRS990/MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd01
IRS990/MissionDesc0PROMOTE PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY AND PROVIDE CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR ITS MEMBERS.
IRS990/MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd00
IRS990/MoreThan5000KToOrgInd00
IRS990/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt02380891
IRS990/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt02557847
IRS990/NetIncomeOrLossGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt0145
IRS990/NetIncomeOrLossGrp/UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt0145
IRS990/NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp/ExclusionAmt017812
IRS990/NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt017812
IRS990/NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt00
IRS990/NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt093158
IRS990/NondeductibleContributionsInd00
IRS990/OccupancyGrp/TotalAmt022173
IRS990/OfficeExpensesGrp/TotalAmt018788
IRS990/OfficerMailingAddressInd00
IRS990/OperateHospitalInd00
IRS990/Organization501cInd0X
IRS990/OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind0X
IRS990/OtherAssetsTotalGrp/BOYAmt06720
IRS990/OtherAssetsTotalGrp/EOYAmt04178
IRS990/OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt00
IRS990/OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp/TotalAmt037772
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/Desc0SEMINARS & EDUCATION
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/Desc1SHARED LABOR
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/Desc2PUBLIC RELATIONS
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/Desc3BANK FEES
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt078357
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt127203
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt217365
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt317189
IRS990/OtherLiabilitiesGrp/BOYAmt020602
IRS990/OtherLiabilitiesGrp/EOYAmt03247
IRS990/OtherRevenueMiscGrp/BusinessCd0813910
IRS990/OtherRevenueMiscGrp/Desc0REIMBURSEMENT OF SHARE
IRS990/OtherRevenueMiscGrp/RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt01200
IRS990/OtherRevenueMiscGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt01200
IRS990/OtherRevenueTotalAmt01200
IRS990/OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp/TotalAmt055188
IRS990/PartialLiquidationInd00
IRS990/PayrollTaxesGrp/TotalAmt020491
IRS990/PensionPlanContributionsGrp/TotalAmt021175
IRS990/PoliticalCampaignActyInd00
IRS990/PrincipalOfficerNm0CARL TRIPHAHN
IRS990/ProfessionalFundraisingInd00
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/BusinessCd0813910
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/BusinessCd1611710
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/BusinessCd2611710
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/BusinessCd3611710
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/BusinessCd4611710
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/Desc0INDUSTRY ASSESSMENTS
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/Desc1BACKFLOW FEES
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/Desc2MEDGAS FEES
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/Desc3JOURNEYMAN TESTING
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/Desc4CODE REVIEW CLASS
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt0480437
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt136549
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt222083
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt315900
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt46900
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt0480437
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt136549
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt222083
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt315900
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt46900
IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp/Desc0PROMOTION OF THE WELFARE OF THE PLUMBING INDUSTRY TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC.
IRS990/ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd00
IRS990/PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt00
IRS990/PYContributionsGrantsAmt080334
IRS990/PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt020698
IRS990/PYInvestmentIncomeAmt063385
IRS990/PYOtherExpensesAmt0368086
IRS990/PYOtherRevenueAmt018640
IRS990/PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt0485427
IRS990/PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt0-1834
IRS990/PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt0260836
IRS990/PYTotalExpensesAmt0649620
IRS990/PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt00
IRS990/PYTotalRevenueAmt0647786
IRS990/QuidProQuoContributionsInd00
IRS990/RcvblFromDisqualifiedPrsnGrp/BOYAmt0379895
IRS990/RcvblFromDisqualifiedPrsnGrp/EOYAmt0362891
IRS990/ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt083798
IRS990/RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd01
IRS990/RelatedEntityInd01
IRS990/RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd00
IRS990/RentalIncomeOrLossGrp/RealAmt017812
IRS990/ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd00
IRS990/ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd01
IRS990/ReportOtherAssetsInd00
IRS990/ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd01
IRS990/ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd00
IRS990/SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp/BOYAmt056601
IRS990/SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp/EOYAmt0116727
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorBusinessName/BusinessNameLine10RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorNum0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine10RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine20RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/City0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/State0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/ZIPCode0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/TotalContributionsAmt0RESTRICTED
IRS990/ScheduleBRequiredInd01
IRS990ScheduleC/AgreeCarryoverPriorYearInd00
IRS990ScheduleC/OnlyInHouseLobbyingInd01
IRS990ScheduleC/SubstantiallyAllDuesNondedInd00
IRS990ScheduleD/BuildingsGrp/BookValueAmt0316422
IRS990ScheduleD/BuildingsGrp/DepreciationAmt040038
IRS990ScheduleD/BuildingsGrp/OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt0356460
IRS990ScheduleD/EquipmentGrp/BookValueAmt09839
IRS990ScheduleD/EquipmentGrp/DepreciationAmt070030
IRS990ScheduleD/EquipmentGrp/OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt079869
IRS990ScheduleD/LandGrp/BookValueAmt0150000
IRS990ScheduleD/LandGrp/OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt0150000
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLandBuildingsGrp/BookValueAmt014528
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLandBuildingsGrp/DepreciationAmt035913
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLandBuildingsGrp/OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt050441
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Amt0533
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Amt12646
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Amt268
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Desc0PAYROLL TAXES WITHHELD
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Desc1401K WITHHELD
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Desc2SALES TAX PAYABLE
IRS990ScheduleD/TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt0490789
IRS990ScheduleD/TotalLiabilityAmt03247
IRS990ScheduleI/GrantRecordsMaintainedInd00
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/CashGrantAmt010000
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/IRCSectionDesc0501(C)(3)
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/PurposeOfGrantTxt0CONSTRUCTION ASSISTANCE
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/RecipientBusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0MAYO CLINIC
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/RecipientEIN0416011702
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0200 FIRST ST SW
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/USAddress/CityNm0ROCHESTER
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0MN
IRS990ScheduleI/RecipientTable/USAddress/ZIPCd055905
IRS990ScheduleJ/BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd0X
IRS990ScheduleJ/EquityBasedCompArrngmInd00
IRS990/ScheduleJRequiredInd01
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt0113481
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/BonusFilingOrganizationAmount00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt036777
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/PersonNm0CARL TRIPHAHN
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/TitleTxt0EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt0150258
IRS990ScheduleJ/RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp/TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt00
IRS990ScheduleJ/SeverancePaymentInd00
IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0The executive director's compensation is approved by the trustees. the pay scale and benefits are in accordance with the union contract between Pipefitter Union Local 469 and Plumbing and Air Conditioning Contractors of Arizona.
IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Part I, Line 3
IRS990ScheduleJ/SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd00
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/NameOfInterested/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0PLUMBING & AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS OF AZ
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/NameOfInterested/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt1SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE INC
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/NameOfInterested/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt2SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE INC
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/NameOfInterested/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt3SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE INC
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/RelationshipDescriptionTxt0COMMON TRUSTEES
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/RelationshipDescriptionTxt1COMMON TRUSTEES
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/RelationshipDescriptionTxt2COMMON TRUSTEES
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/RelationshipDescriptionTxt3COMMON TRUSTEES
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/SharingOfRevenuesInd00
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/SharingOfRevenuesInd10
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/SharingOfRevenuesInd21
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/SharingOfRevenuesInd30
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/TransactionAmt01200
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/TransactionAmt127203
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/TransactionAmt217812
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/TransactionAmt39952
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/TransactionDesc0RECEIVE REIMB FOR SHARED ADMIN EXPENSES.
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/TransactionDesc1REIMB PAID FOR SHARED PROFESSIONAL SERVICES.
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/TransactionDesc2PAY 50% OF RENTS RECEIVED ON BUILDING OWNED 50% BY SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE, INC.
IRS990ScheduleL/BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp/TransactionDesc3RECEIVED INTEREST FROM SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE,INC. DUE TO NOTE PIPE IS CARRYING RESULTING FROM PURCHASING BUILDING WITH SSTA AT 50% EACH.
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/BalanceDueAmt0362547
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/BalanceDueAmt1344
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd01
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd11
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE INC
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt1SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE INC
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/DefaultInd00
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/DefaultInd10
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/LoanFromOrganizationInd0X
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/LoanFromOrganizationInd1X
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/LoanPurposeTxt0PAYMENT OF SHARED EXPENSES TO BE REIMBURSED
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/OriginalPrincipalAmt0423133
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/RelationshipWithOrgTxt0COMMON TRUSTEES
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/RelationshipWithOrgTxt1COMMON TRUSTEES
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/WrittenAgreementInd01
IRS990ScheduleL/LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp/WrittenAgreementInd10
IRS990ScheduleL/TotalBalanceDueAmt0362891
IRS990/ScheduleORequiredInd01
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0Elections are held annually. Signatory union contractors elect two trustees and one secretary/treasurer. Each year the prior secretary/treasurer then moves up to vice president position and the prior vice president moves up to president position.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt1The executive director reviews the tax return before signing and mailing to the Internal Revenue Service. The executive director then informs the trustees that the tax return has been filed.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt2Each director shall discuss to the board of directors any duality of interest or possible conflict of interest whenever the duality or conflict pertains to a matter being considered by the board. The director having a duality of interest or conflict of interest on any matter shall abstain from voting on the matter and shall not be counted in determining the quorum for the vote on the matter.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt3The executive director's compensation is approved by the trustees. The pay scale is in accordance with the union contract between Pipefitter Union Local 469 and Plumbing and Air Conditioning Contractors of Arizona.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt4The Organization makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy and financial statements available to the public.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 7a
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc1Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11b
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc2Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc3Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15a
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc4Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19
IRS990ScheduleR/AssetExchangeInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/AssetPurchaseFromOtherOrgInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/AssetSaleToOtherOrgInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/DivRelatedOrganizationInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/GiftGrntCapContriFromOthOrgInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/GiftGrntOrCapContriToOthOrgInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/ControlledOrganizationInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/ControlledOrganizationInd10
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/DirectControllingEntityName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0PLUMBING & AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/DisregardedEntityName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0PLUMBING & AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS OF ARIZONA INC
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/DisregardedEntityName/BusinessNameLine1Txt1SOUTHWEST SAFETY TRAINING ALLIANCE INC
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/EIN0263445819
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/EIN1860871398
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/ExemptCodeSectionTxt0BUSINESS LEAGUE
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/ExemptCodeSectionTxt1CHARITY
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/LegalDomicileStateCd0AZ
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/LegalDomicileStateCd1AZ
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/PrimaryActivitiesTxt0PROMOTE COMMON BUSINESS INTERESTS OF PLUMBING AND A/C AZ CONTRACTORS
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/PrimaryActivitiesTxt1PROVIDE EDUC RECORD KEEPING AND SAFETY TRAINING SERV FOR CONSTRUCTION WKRS
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/PublicCharityStatusTxt0Line 10
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0125 S 52ND ST
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt1125 S 52ND ST
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/USAddress/CityNm0TEMPE
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/USAddress/CityNm1TEMPE
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0AZ
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd1AZ
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/USAddress/ZIPCd085281
IRS990ScheduleR/IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp/USAddress/ZIPCd185281
IRS990ScheduleR/LoansOrGuaranteesFromOthOrgInd00
IRS990ScheduleR/LoansOrGuaranteesToOtherOrgInd01
IRS990ScheduleR/PaidEmployeesSharingInd01

Document Assets

No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.

Filings

Displayed year

2017 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$2,561,094
Liabilities
$3,247
Net assets
$2,557,847
Revenue
$664,211
Expenses
$580,413
Net income
$83,798
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2025Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$5.29$1.30$3.99$1.01$1.38$0.36
2023Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$7.01$0.00$7.01$2.33$2.16$0.17
2022Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$6.99$0.01$6.98$1.96$0.87$1.09
2021Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$6.66$0.01$6.66$1.36$0.75$0.61
2020XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$5.05$0.00$5.05$1.91$0.78$1.13
2019Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$3.84$0.00$3.84$1.54$0.75$0.79
2018Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$3.10$0.01$3.09$1.19$0.69$0.50
2017Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$2.56$0.00$2.56$0.66$0.58$0.08
2016Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$2.40$0.02$2.38$0.65$0.65$0.00
2015Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$2.44$0.00$2.44$0.61$0.84$0.24
2014Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$2.70$0.00$2.69$1.17$0.80$0.37
2013Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$2.27$0.00$2.26$1.31$0.68$0.63
2012Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$1.56$0.00$1.56$1.05$0.78$0.28