Civic Intelligence

Frontier Institute Inc

EIN 85-0998465 • 501(c)3 • Helena, MT

Profile

Founded in 2020, the frontier institute (fi) elevates objective research and powerful stories to cultivate informed civic leaders dedicated to breaking down government barriers so that all montanans can thrive.

PO Box 5104Helena, MT 59604

www.frontierinstitute.org

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

59th percentile

0.04x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 59% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Liabilities / Revenue

60th percentile

0.04x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 60% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Net Margin

58th percentile

8.6%

Higher net margin than 58% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Top Officer Pay

86th percentile

$97,306

Higher top officer pay than 86% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 15.1% of source-year revenue.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Asset Growth

43rd percentile

0.4%

Faster asset growth than 43% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Revenue Growth

22nd percentile

-14%

Faster revenue growth than 22% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets59th percentile

Assets

Up

$606,586

Up $2,237 (+0.4%) from 2023

Liabilities

Down

$25,171

Down $53,124 (-68%) from 2023

Net Assets

Up

$581,415

Up $55,361 (+11%) from 2023

Operations
Liabilities / Revenue60th percentileNet Margin58th percentile

Revenue

Down

$643,051

Down $103,592 (-14%) from 2023

Expenses

Up

$587,690

Up $127,314 (+28%) from 2023

Net Income

Down

$55,361

Down $230,906 (-81%) from 2023

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth43rd percentile

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$800K$600K$400K$200K$0Assets 2020: $71,658Liabilities 2020: $1,525Net Assets 2020: $70,1332020Assets 2021: $194,632Liabilities 2021: $10,044Net Assets 2021: $184,5882021Assets 2022: $240,511Liabilities 2022: $724Net Assets 2022: $239,7872022Assets 2023: $604,349Liabilities 2023: $78,295Net Assets 2023: $526,0542023Assets 2024: $606,586Liabilities 2024: $25,171Net Assets 2024: $581,4152024

Highlighted filing

2024

Assets$606,586
Liabilities$25,171
Net Assets$581,415
Open 2024 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth22nd percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$800K$600K$400K$200K$0Revenue 2020: $107,594Expenses 2020: $37,461Net Income 2020: $70,1332020Revenue 2021: $372,719Expenses 2021: $258,264Net Income 2021: $114,4552021Revenue 2022: $337,791Expenses 2022: $282,592Net Income 2022: $55,1992022Revenue 2023: $746,643Expenses 2023: $460,376Net Income 2023: $286,2672023Revenue 2024: $643,051Expenses 2024: $587,690Net Income 2024: $55,3612024

Highlighted filing

2024

Revenue$643,051
Expenses$587,690
Net Income$55,361
Open 2024 Filing

Filings

Most recent year

2024 • Form 990Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.

Open filing
Assets
$606,586
Liabilities
$25,171
Net assets
$581,415
Revenue
$643,051
Expenses
$587,690
Net income
$55,361
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$6.07$0.25$5.81$6.43$5.88$0.55
2023Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$6.04$0.78$5.26$7.47$4.60$2.86
2022Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$2.41$0.01$2.40$3.38$2.83$0.55
2021Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$1.95$0.10$1.85$3.73$2.58$1.14
2020Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.72$0.02$0.70$1.08$0.37$0.70
Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024
Signed
Nov 11, 2025
Return Version
2024v5.2
Gross Receipts
$643,051
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Founded in 2020, the frontier institute (fi) elevates objective research and powerful stories to cultivate informed civic leaders dedicated to breaking down government barriers so that all montanans can thrive.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$357,633$321,265▼ $36,368
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$241,212$283,610▲ $42,398
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$5,504$1,711▼ $3,793
Total Assets$604,349$606,586▲ $2,237
Liabilities
Other Liabilities$0$22,406▲ $22,406
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$78,295$2,765▼ $75,530
Total Liabilities$78,295$25,171▼ $53,124
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$346,054$541,415▲ $195,361
Net Assets With Donor Restrictions$180,000$40,000▼ $140,000
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$526,054$581,415▲ $55,361
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$604,349$606,586▲ $2,237
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay86th percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseTotal
Kendall CottonPresident, Ex Officio OffiFT$97,306$97,306

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Joseph CocoChairman
Daniel ZolnikovDirector
Lawrence W ReedDirector
Matthew SchreiberDirector
Nels SwandalDirector
Rick HillDirector
Dr Kathleen BrownSecretary
Scot MillerTreasurer
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$629,404
Program Service Revenue
$0
Investment Income
$13,647
Other Revenue
$0
All Other Contributions
$629,404
Change in Net Assets
$55,361
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$358,912
Other Expenses$228,778
Total Fundraising Expense$167,285
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$175,890$10,593$140,024$326,507
Fees for Services Other$113,043$32,897$7,766$153,706
Payroll Taxes$13,899$909$11,474$26,282
Travel$14,037$5,567$1,938$21,542
Information Technology$6,637$1,178$3,368$11,183
Advertising$6,489--$6,489
Conferences and Meetings$6,300--$6,300
Other Employee Benefits$4,720$615$788$6,123
Office Expenses$2,877-$1,173$4,050
Other Expenses$731$392$754$1,877
All Other Expenses$550--$550
Total Functional Expenses$361,834$58,571$167,285$587,690
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Accrued Liabilities$22,406
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
Yes
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
No
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11B

“The board members review the form 990 before filing.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12C

“We have reviewed and have on file our compliance forms for our conflict of interest policy.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15

“The compensation for the ceo is determined by the independent board of directors using comparable data and job duties.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19

“The general public may obtain governing documents by contacting the main frontier institute phone number or address.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Frontier Institute Inc
EIN
85-0998465
Phone
4069249763
Address
PO BOX 5104, HELENA, MT 59604

Signing Officer

Name
Kendall Cotton
Title
President and CEO
Phone
4062395093
Signed
2025-11-11
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Kendall Cotton
Formed
2020
Legal Domicile
Mt
Voting Board Members
7
Independent Board Members
0
Employees
0
Volunteers
0

Preparer

Firm
Weiss & Company Llp
Address
2700 PATRIOT BOULEVARD - SUITE 400, GLENVIEW, IL 60026
Preparer
Jeremy Morgan
Phone
8474418800
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Form 990, Part IX, Line 11G

“Other fees: program service expenses 10,835. Management and general expenses 32,897. Fundraising expenses 6,662. Total expenses 50,394. Consulting: program service expenses 66,529. Management and general expenses 0. Fundraising expenses 0. Total expenses 66,529. Mailing services: program service expenses 35,679. Management and general expenses 0. Fundraising expenses 1,104. Total expenses 36,783.”

Raw XML Appendix381 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

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IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt0736150
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt0328216
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt0372719
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt0107594
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/TotalAmt02174083
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportAmt02174083
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorBusinessName/BusinessNameLine10RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorNum0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine10RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine20RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/City0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/State0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/ZIPCode0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/TotalContributionsAmt0RESTRICTED
IRS990/ScheduleBRequiredInd01
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Amt022406
IRS990ScheduleD/OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp/Desc0ACCRUED LIABILITIES
IRS990ScheduleD/TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt00
IRS990ScheduleD/TotalLiabilityAmt022406
IRS990/ScheduleJRequiredInd00
IRS990/ScheduleORequiredInd01
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0THE BOARD MEMBERS REVIEW THE FORM 990 BEFORE FILING.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt1WE HAVE REVIEWED AND HAVE ON FILE OUR COMPLIANCE FORMS FOR OUR CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt2THE COMPENSATION FOR THE CEO IS DETERMINED BY THE INDEPENDENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS USING COMPARABLE DATA AND JOB DUTIES.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt3THE GENERAL PUBLIC MAY OBTAIN GOVERNING DOCUMENTS BY CONTACTING THE MAIN FRONTIER INSTITUTE PHONE NUMBER OR ADDRESS.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt4OTHER FEES: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 10,835. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 32,897. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 6,662. TOTAL EXPENSES 50,394. CONSULTING: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 66,529. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 0. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 0. TOTAL EXPENSES 66,529. MAILING SERVICES: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 35,679. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 0. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 1,104. TOTAL EXPENSES 36,783.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc1FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc2FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc3FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc4FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11G
IRS990/SchoolOperatingInd00
IRS990/SignificantChangeInd00
IRS990/SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd00
IRS990/StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd0MT
IRS990/SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd00
IRS990/SubjectToProxyTaxInd00
IRS990/SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd00
IRS990/TaxablePartyNotificationInd00
IRS990/TaxExemptBondsInd00
IRS990/TerminateOperationsInd00
IRS990/TotalAssetsBOYAmt0604349
IRS990/TotalAssetsEOYAmt0606586
IRS990/TotalAssetsGrp/BOYAmt0604349
IRS990/TotalAssetsGrp/EOYAmt0606586
IRS990/TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd00
IRS990/TotalContributionsAmt0629404
IRS990/TotalEmployeeCnt00
IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp/FundraisingAmt0167285
IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt058571
IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt0361834
IRS990/TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp/TotalAmt0587690
IRS990/TotalGrossUBIAmt00
IRS990/TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt078295
IRS990/TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt025171
IRS990/TotalLiabilitiesGrp/BOYAmt078295
IRS990/TotalLiabilitiesGrp/EOYAmt025171
IRS990/TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp/BOYAmt0526054
IRS990/TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp/EOYAmt0581415
IRS990/TotalOtherCompensationAmt00
IRS990/TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt0361834
IRS990/TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt097306
IRS990/TotalRevenueGrp/ExclusionAmt013647
IRS990/TotalRevenueGrp/RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt00
IRS990/TotalRevenueGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt0643051
IRS990/TotalRevenueGrp/UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt00
IRS990/TotalVolunteersCnt00
IRS990/TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp/BOYAmt0604349
IRS990/TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp/EOYAmt0606586
IRS990/TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt00
IRS990/TravelGrp/FundraisingAmt01938
IRS990/TravelGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt05567
IRS990/TravelGrp/ProgramServicesAmt014037
IRS990/TravelGrp/TotalAmt021542
IRS990/TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd00
IRS990/TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd0X
IRS990/UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd00
IRS990/UponRequestInd0X
IRS990/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0PO BOX 5104
IRS990/USAddress/CityNm0HELENA
IRS990/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0MT
IRS990/USAddress/ZIPCd059604
IRS990/VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt07
IRS990/VotingMembersIndependentCnt00
IRS990/WebsiteAddressTxt0WWW.FRONTIERINSTITUTE.ORG
IRS990/WhistleblowerPolicyInd01
ReturnHeader/BuildTS02025-03-06 01:10:19Z
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd01
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonNm0KENDALL COTTON
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonTitleTxt0PRESIDENT AND CEO
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PhoneNum04062395093
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/SignatureDt02025-11-11
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0FRONTIER INSTITUTE INC
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessNameControlTxt0FRON
ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN0850998465
ReturnHeader/Filer/PhoneNum04069249763
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0PO BOX 5104
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/CityNm0HELENA
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0MT
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCd059604
ReturnHeader/IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd00
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmEIN0362663249
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0WEISS & COMPANY LLP
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt02700 PATRIOT BOULEVARD - SUITE 400
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/CityNm0GLENVIEW
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0IL
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/ZIPCd060026
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PhoneNum08474418800
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparerPersonNm0JEREMY MORGAN
ReturnHeader/ReturnTs02025-11-17T12:32:33-06:00
ReturnHeader/ReturnTypeCd0990
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDt02024-01-01
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDt02024-12-31
ReturnHeader/TaxYr02024

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