Civic Intelligence

Academy Research & Development Institute

EIN 74-2378230 • 501(c)3 • Colorado Springs, CO

Profile

Ardi fortifies academic distinction at the united states air force academy by establishing, stewarding and managing perpetually endowed academic chairs.

720 Walsen RoadColorado Springs, CO 80921

www.ardifoundation.org

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

5th percentile

0.00x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 5% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $50M-$100M nonprofits • Source year 2025

Liabilities / Revenue

6th percentile

0.01x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 6% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $50M-$100M nonprofits • Source year 2025

Net Margin

87th percentile

41%

Higher net margin than 87% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $50M-$100M nonprofits • Source year 2025

Top Officer Pay

31st percentile

$255,985

Higher top officer pay than 31% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 6.1% of source-year revenue.

501(c)3 • $50M-$100M nonprofits • Source year 2025

Asset Growth

70th percentile

11%

Faster asset growth than 70% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $50M-$100M nonprofits • Annualized from 2024 to 2025

Revenue Growth

10th percentile

-21%

Faster revenue growth than 10% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $50M-$100M nonprofits • Annualized from 2024 to 2025

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets5th percentile

Assets

Up

$56,457,172

Up $5,799,984 (+11%) from 2024

Liabilities

Up

$31,080

Up $10,618 (+52%) from 2024

Net Assets

Up

$56,426,092

Up $5,789,366 (+11%) from 2024

Operations
Liabilities / Revenue6th percentileNet Margin87th percentile

Revenue

Down

$4,198,912

Down $1,110,772 (-21%) from 2024

Expenses

Up

$2,464,893

Up $53,591 (+2.2%) from 2024

Net Income

Down

$1,734,019

Down $1,164,363 (-40%) from 2024

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth70th percentile

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$60M$40M$20M$0Assets 2011: $22,893,653Liabilities 2011: $70,344Net Assets 2011: $22,823,3092011Assets 2012: $25,209,821Liabilities 2012: $70,482Net Assets 2012: $25,139,3392012Assets 2013: $28,131,727Liabilities 2013: $67,506Net Assets 2013: $28,064,2212013Assets 2014: $32,379,198Liabilities 2014: $70,678Net Assets 2014: $32,308,5202014Assets 2015: $30,984,692Liabilities 2015: $78,854Net Assets 2015: $30,905,8382015Assets 2016: $32,757,174Liabilities 2016: $7,465Net Assets 2016: $32,749,7092016Assets 2017: $33,710,373Liabilities 2017: $8,212Net Assets 2017: $33,702,1612017Assets 2018: $36,456,685Liabilities 2018: $12,294Net Assets 2018: $36,444,3912018Assets 2019: $35,655,299Liabilities 2019: $10,769Net Assets 2019: $35,644,5302019Assets 2020: $32,705,477Liabilities 2020: $2,069Net Assets 2020: $32,703,4082020Assets 2021: $44,885,190Liabilities 2021: $2,300Net Assets 2021: $44,882,8902021Assets 2022: $40,306,897Liabilities 2022: $763,451Net Assets 2022: $39,543,4462022Assets 2023: $44,203,625Liabilities 2023: $19,174Net Assets 2023: $44,184,4512023Assets 2024: $50,657,188Liabilities 2024: $20,462Net Assets 2024: $50,636,7262024Assets 2025: $56,457,172Liabilities 2025: $31,080Net Assets 2025: $56,426,0922025

Highlighted filing

2025

Assets$56,457,172
Liabilities$31,080
Net Assets$56,426,092
Open 2025 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth10th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$10M$5.0M$0-$5.0MRevenue 2011: $2,875,159Expenses 2011: $788,248Net Income 2011: $2,086,9112011Revenue 2012: $3,161,720Expenses 2012: $845,690Net Income 2012: $2,316,0302012Revenue 2013: $3,751,593Expenses 2013: $826,711Net Income 2013: $2,924,8822013Revenue 2014: $5,019,659Expenses 2014: $775,360Net Income 2014: $4,244,2992014Revenue 2015: -$535,197Expenses 2015: $867,485Net Income 2015: -$1,402,6822015Revenue 2016: $2,744,748Expenses 2016: $900,877Net Income 2016: $1,843,8712016Revenue 2017: $1,962,275Expenses 2017: $1,009,823Net Income 2017: $952,4522017Revenue 2018: $3,789,305Expenses 2018: $1,047,075Net Income 2018: $2,742,2302018Revenue 2019: $1,150,674Expenses 2019: $1,629,137Net Income 2019: -$478,4632019Revenue 2020: $2,792,544Expenses 2020: $1,547,491Net Income 2020: $1,245,0532020Revenue 2021: $6,317,720Expenses 2021: $1,912,876Net Income 2021: $4,404,8442021Revenue 2022: $9,299,403Expenses 2022: $2,710,625Net Income 2022: $6,588,7782022Revenue 2023: -$1,003,542Expenses 2023: $2,102,200Net Income 2023: -$3,105,7422023Revenue 2024: $5,309,684Expenses 2024: $2,411,302Net Income 2024: $2,898,3822024Revenue 2025: $4,198,912Expenses 2025: $2,464,893Net Income 2025: $1,734,0192025

Highlighted filing

2025

Revenue$4,198,912
Expenses$2,464,893
Net Income$1,734,019
Open 2025 Filing

Filings

Most recent year

2025 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$56,457,172
Liabilities
$31,080
Net assets
$56,426,092
Revenue
$4,198,912
Expenses
$2,464,893
Net income
$1,734,019
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2025Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$56.5$0.03$56.4$4.20$2.46$1.73
2024Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$50.7$0.02$50.6$5.31$2.41$2.90
2023Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$44.2$0.02$44.2$1.00$2.10$3.11
2022Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$40.3$0.76$39.5$9.30$2.71$6.59
2021Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$44.9$0.00$44.9$6.32$1.91$4.40
2020Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$32.7$0.00$32.7$2.79$1.55$1.25
2019Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$35.7$0.01$35.6$1.15$1.63$0.48
2018Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$36.5$0.01$36.4$3.79$1.05$2.74
2017Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$33.7$0.01$33.7$1.96$1.01$0.95
2016Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$32.8$0.01$32.7$2.74$0.90$1.84
2015Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$31.0$0.08$30.9$0.54$0.87$1.40
2014Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$32.4$0.07$32.3$5.02$0.78$4.24
2013Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$28.1$0.07$28.1$3.75$0.83$2.92
2012Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$25.2$0.07$25.1$3.16$0.85$2.32
2011Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$22.9$0.07$22.8$2.88$0.79$2.09
Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jul 1, 2024 to Jun 30, 2025
Signed
Feb 16, 2026
Return Version
2024v5.5
Gross Receipts
$4,198,912
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

ARDI stewards donated endowments to sustain future American air and space power, enhancing faculty quality and cadet education at the United States Air Force Academy.

ARDI endows excellence in AF Academy cadet education, sustaining future US air and space power.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities$48,875,864$54,987,495▲ $6,111,631
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$1,360,610$850,683▼ $509,927
Investments Other Securities$344,422$274,692▼ $69,730
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$23,320$218,197▲ $194,877
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$0$76,195▲ $76,195
Accounts Receivable$34,839$31,472▼ $3,367
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$18,133$18,438▲ $305
Total Assets$50,657,188$56,457,172▲ $5,799,984
Liabilities
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$20,462$31,080▲ $10,618
Total Liabilities$20,462$31,080▲ $10,618
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets With Donor Restrictions$38,099,778$38,886,592▲ $786,814
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$12,536,948$17,539,500▲ $5,002,552
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$50,636,726$56,426,092▲ $5,789,366
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$50,657,188$56,457,172▲ $5,799,984

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Equipment$76,195-$76,195

Endowment Activity

PeriodBeginningContrib.Gain/LossOther UsesEnd
2024$40,698,558-▲ $4,320,092$2,854,866$42,163,784
2023$38,857,546-▲ $3,571,883$1,730,871$40,698,558
2022$40,913,978-▼ $1,452,877$603,555$38,857,546
2021$25,280,790-▲ $15,633,188-$40,913,978
2020$23,568,474-▲ $1,712,316-$25,280,790
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay31st percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
Dana MontgomeryCOOFT$137,500$38,921$176,421
Terry ErdleTreasurer--$60,000$60,000

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Michael ErdleChairman
Bob EdmondsBoard Member
Jack CattonBoard Member
Rick PyattBoard Member
Christopher D MillerCEO

Highest Paid Contractors

ContractorServicesLocationCompensation
RokkeSimon ChairProfessor720 Walsen Rd, Colorado Springs, CO 80921-2718$222,510
Mr William T Coleman III and Dr WilProfessor720 Walsen Rd, Colorado Springs, CO 80921-2718$154,158
Holland H Coors Chair in EducationProfessor720 Walsen Rd, Colorado Springs, CO 80921-2718$152,498
ARDI Chair in Arabic StudiesProfessor720 Walsen Rd, Colorado Springs, CO 80921-2718$147,500
Lyon ChairProfessor720 Walsen Rd, Colorado Springs, CO 80921-2718$147,500
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$808,568
Program Service Revenue
$0
Investment Income
$3,327,946
Other Revenue
$62,398
All Other Contributions
$273,068
Change in Net Assets
$1,734,019

Noncash Contribution Practices

Property subject to holding requirements
No
Reviewed unusual noncash gifts
No
Third parties used for noncash contributions
No

Noncash Contributions

Contribution TypeContribution CountReported AmountValuation Method
Cars and Other Vehicles1$25,000FM trade-in value
Total Noncash Contributions1$25,000-

Audited Revenue Reconciliation

Revenue per Audited Statements
$3,954,550
Revenue Not Reported on Financial Statements
$244,362
Revenue Not Reported on Form 990
$4,176,530
Total Revenue per Audited Statements
$8,131,080
Total Revenue per Form 990
$4,198,912
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Other Expenses$2,045,145
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$399,315
Total Fundraising Expense$61,493
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$20,433
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Fees for Services Other$1,560,711$6,746-$1,567,457
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$182,910$70,193$19,522$272,625
Fees for Service Investment Mgmnt Fees$244,362--$244,362
Other Salaries and Wages$56,714$18,421$6,301$81,436
Other Expenses$68,500--$68,500
Travel$20,506$20,897$21,657$63,060
Fees for Services Accounting$13,522$44,141-$57,663
Office Expenses$7,160$13,455$6,806$27,421
Payroll Taxes$16,172$5,386$1,787$23,345
Grants to Domestic Orgs$20,433--$20,433
Other Employee Benefits$9,525$6,812$782$17,119
Insurance-$7,474-$7,474
Pension Plan Contributions$2,665$1,906$219$4,790
Conferences and Meetings$4,474--$4,474
Advertising--$4,419$4,419
Fees for Services Legal$74$241-$315
Total Functional Expenses$2,207,728$195,672$61,493$2,464,893

Audited Expense Reconciliation

Line ItemAmount
Total Expenses per Form 990$2,464,893
Total Expenses per Audited Statements$2,341,714
Expenses per Audited Statements$2,220,531
Expenses Not Reported on Financial Statements$244,362
Expenses Not Reported on Form 990$121,183
International Activity

Grant and Assistance Recipients

RecipientLocationCategoryPurposeAmount
United States Air Force Academy FoundationUSAF Academy, CO501(c)(3)Program support$17,250
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 2

“Board members Michael Erdle and Terry Erdle have a family relationship.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11B

“Form 990 is reviewed by management and the board of directors prior to filing.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12C

“The governing body is required to review and sign an annual update to the conflict of interest policy affirming that each director has received, read, understands, and agrees to comply with the policy. On an ongoing basis, interested persons have a duty to disclose any actual or possible conflict of interest with respect to any proposed transaction or arrangement. The minutes of the governing board shall contain a record of proceedings with respect to any actual or possible conflicts of interests.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15

“The CEO is compensated by international education foundation (INEF), a supporting organization of ARDI (see Schedule R). The INEF board reviews and approves compensation annually. Compensation for all other officers is paid by ARDI and reviewed by the board annually. A voting member of the governing board who receives compensation, directly or indirectly, from the organization for services is precluded from voting on matters pertaining to that member's compensation. In determining compensation, criteria such as the nature of the position, employee contribution and sustained level of performance, employee education, abilities, and drive, financial condition of the employer, and comparisons with similar organizations are considered. A new CEO was hired in 2025 that is an employee of ARDI.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19

“The Organization's governing documents are made available to the public upon request. Financial information is made available via form 990.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Academy Research and Development
EIN
74-2378230
Phone
7195991370
Address
1490 Garden of the Gods Rd, Colorado Springs, CO 80907
Doing Business As
Ardi

Signing Officer

Name
Christopher D Miller
Title
CEO
Phone
7195991370
Signed
2026-02-16
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Christopher D Miller
Formed
1984
Legal Domicile
Co
Voting Board Members
7
Independent Board Members
3
Employees
3
Volunteers
0

Preparer

Firm
BiggsKofford Advisors LLC
Address
1975 Research Pkwy Suite 255, Colorado Springs, CO 80920
Preparer
Tyler Atkins CPA
Phone
7195799090
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Form 990, Part IX, line 11G

“Professors-USAFA: Program service expenses 1,558,644. Management and general expenses 0. Fundraising expenses 0. Total expenses 1,558,644. Other professional fees: Program service expenses 2,067. Management and general expenses 6,746. Fundraising expenses 0. Total expenses 8,813.”

Form 990, Part XII, Line 2C:

“The Organization has a committee that assumes responsibility for selection of the independent accountant and oversight of the annual financial statement audit. This process has not changed from prior years.”

Financial Statement Notes

Part V, Line 4:

“The Organization maintains various endowment funds established to support each USAFA academic department, supporting whomever the dean of faculty nominates to occupy.”

Part X, Line 2:

“The Organization evaluates the effect of uncertain tax positions, if any, and provides for those positions in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. No tax accrual for uncertain tax positions has been recorded as management believes there are no uncertain tax positions for the Organization.”

Raw XML AppendixShowing 400 of 601 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

Path#Value
IRS990/AccountantCompileOrReviewInd00
IRS990/AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp/BOYAmt020462
IRS990/AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp/EOYAmt031080
IRS990/AccountsReceivableGrp/BOYAmt034839
IRS990/AccountsReceivableGrp/EOYAmt031472
IRS990/ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd00
IRS990/ActivityOrMissionDesc0ARDI endows excellence in AF Academy cadet education, sustaining future US air and space power.
IRS990/AddressChangeInd0X
IRS990/AdvertisingGrp/FundraisingAmt04419
IRS990/AdvertisingGrp/TotalAmt04419
IRS990/AllOtherContributionsAmt0273068
IRS990/AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd01
IRS990/AuditCommitteeInd01
IRS990/BackupWthldComplianceInd01
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0The Organization
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/PhoneNum07195991370
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt01490 Garden of the Gods Rd
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/CityNm0Colorado Springs
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0CO
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/ZIPCd080907
IRS990/BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd00
IRS990/BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd00
IRS990/BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd00
IRS990/CashNonInterestBearingGrp/BOYAmt023320
IRS990/CashNonInterestBearingGrp/EOYAmt0218197
IRS990/ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd00
IRS990/CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt06
IRS990/CollectionsOfArtInd00
IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/FundraisingAmt019522
IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt070193
IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt0182910
IRS990/CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp/TotalAmt0272625
IRS990/CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd00
IRS990/CompensationProcessCEOInd01
IRS990/CompensationProcessOtherInd01
IRS990/ConferencesMeetingsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt04474
IRS990/ConferencesMeetingsGrp/TotalAmt04474
IRS990/ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd01
IRS990/ConservationEasementsInd00
IRS990/ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd00
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt0222510
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt1154158
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt2152498
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt3147500
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/CompensationAmt4147500
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0720 Walsen Rd
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt1720 Walsen Rd
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt2720 Walsen Rd
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt3720 Walsen Rd
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt4720 Walsen Rd
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm0Colorado Springs
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm1Colorado Springs
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm2Colorado Springs
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm3Colorado Springs
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm4Colorado Springs
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0CO
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd1CO
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd2CO
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd3CO
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd4CO
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd0809212718
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd1809212718
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd2809212718
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd3809212718
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd4809212718
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm0RokkeSimon Chair
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm1Mr William T Coleman III and Dr Wil
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm2Holland H Coors Chair in Education
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm3Lyon Chair
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ContractorName/PersonNm4ARDI Chair in Arabic Studies
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc0Professor
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc1Professor
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc2Professor
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc3Professor
IRS990/ContractorCompensationGrp/ServicesDesc4Professor
IRS990/CreditCounselingInd00
IRS990/CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt00
IRS990/CYContributionsGrantsAmt0808568
IRS990/CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt020433
IRS990/CYInvestmentIncomeAmt03327946
IRS990/CYOtherExpensesAmt02045145
IRS990/CYOtherRevenueAmt062398
IRS990/CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt00
IRS990/CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt01734019
IRS990/CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt0399315
IRS990/CYTotalExpensesAmt02464893
IRS990/CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt061493
IRS990/CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt00
IRS990/CYTotalRevenueAmt04198912
IRS990/DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd00
IRS990/DeductibleArtContributionInd00
IRS990/DeductibleNonCashContriInd01
IRS990/DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd00
IRS990/Desc0ARDI's primary program service fostered excellence at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) by supporting distinctive academic programs, directed by Academy leadership, that enhance the faculty and cadet experience with quality and activities above and beyond what US Government resources provide. ARDI's weight of effort funded Endowed Professor chairs in selected disciplines, including astronautics, aeronautics, computer and cyber sciences, economics, foreign languages and cultures, political science, philosophy and ethics, and others. In addition, ARDI supported Academy cadet research and other educational activities that provide breadth and depth beyond the baseline Academy experience to motivate, inspire, and better prepare Academy graduates to serve and lead in the Air Force and Space Force.
IRS990/DescribedInSection501c3Ind01
IRS990/DisregardedEntityInd00
IRS990/DocumentRetentionPolicyInd01
IRS990/DoingBusinessAsName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0ARDI
IRS990/DonorAdvisedFundInd00
IRS990/DonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp/BOYAmt038099778
IRS990/DonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp/EOYAmt038886592
IRS990/DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd01
IRS990/ElectionOfBoardMembersInd00
IRS990/EmployeeCnt03
IRS990/EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd01
IRS990/EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd00
IRS990/ExpenseAmt02207728
IRS990/FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd01
IRS990/FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd00
IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt044141
IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/ProgramServicesAmt013522
IRS990/FeesForServicesAccountingGrp/TotalAmt057663
IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt0241
IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/ProgramServicesAmt074
IRS990/FeesForServicesLegalGrp/TotalAmt0315
IRS990/FeesForServicesOtherGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt06746
IRS990/FeesForServicesOtherGrp/ProgramServicesAmt01560711
IRS990/FeesForServicesOtherGrp/TotalAmt01567457
IRS990/FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt0244362
IRS990/FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp/TotalAmt0244362
IRS990/ForeignActivitiesInd00
IRS990/ForeignFinancialAccountInd00
IRS990/ForeignOfficeInd00
IRS990/Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt00.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt10.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt240.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt33.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt40.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt50.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt60.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt020.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt140.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt25.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt33.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt45.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt55.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/AverageHoursPerWeekRt65.00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd0X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd1X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd2X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd3X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd4X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd5X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd6X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd0X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd1X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd2X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OfficerInd3X
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt130921
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt257985
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt30
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt40
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt50
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/OtherCompensationAmt60
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm0Christopher D Miller
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm1Dana Montgomery
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm2Michael Erdle
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm3Terry Erdle
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm4Bob Edmonds
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm5Rick Pyatt
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm6Jack Catton
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt1145500
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt20
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt30
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt40
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt50
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromOrgAmt60
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt00
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt10
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt2198000
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt360000
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt40
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt50
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt60
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt0CEO
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt1COO
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt2Chairman
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt3Treasurer
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt4Board Member
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt5Board Member
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt6Board Member
IRS990/Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd01
IRS990/Form990TFiledInd01
IRS990/FormationYr01984
IRS990/FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd00
IRS990/FSAuditedBasisGrp/SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd0X
IRS990/FSAuditedInd01
IRS990/FundraisingActivitiesInd00
IRS990/GainOrLossGrp/SecuritiesAmt02567363
IRS990/GamingActivitiesInd00
IRS990/GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt07
IRS990/GrantAmt020433
IRS990/GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt020433
IRS990/GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp/TotalAmt020433
IRS990/GrantsToIndividualsInd00
IRS990/GrantsToOrganizationsInd01
IRS990/GrantToRelatedPersonInd00
IRS990/GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp/SecuritiesAmt02567363
IRS990/GrossReceiptsAmt04198912
IRS990/GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd00
IRS990/IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd01
IRS990/IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd01
IRS990/IndependentVotingMemberCnt03
IRS990/IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt01
IRS990/IndoorTanningServicesInd00
IRS990/InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd0X
IRS990/InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd0X
IRS990/InfoInScheduleOPartXIIInd0X
IRS990/InsuranceGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt07474
IRS990/InsuranceGrp/TotalAmt07474
IRS990/InvestmentIncomeGrp/ExclusionAmt0760583
IRS990/InvestmentIncomeGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt0760583
IRS990/InvestmentInJointVentureInd00
IRS990/InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp/BOYAmt0344422
IRS990/InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp/EOYAmt0274692
IRS990/InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp/BOYAmt048875864
IRS990/InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp/EOYAmt054987495
IRS990/IRPDocumentCnt010
IRS990/IRPDocumentW2GCnt00
IRS990/LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt00
IRS990/LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp/BOYAmt00
IRS990/LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp/EOYAmt076195
IRS990/LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt076195
IRS990/LegalDomicileStateCd0CO
IRS990/LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp/SecuritiesAmt00
IRS990/LoanOutstandingInd00
IRS990/LobbyingActivitiesInd00
IRS990/LocalChaptersInd00
IRS990/MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd00
IRS990/MembersOrStockholdersInd00
IRS990/MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd0X
IRS990/MinutesOfCommitteesInd01
IRS990/MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd01
IRS990/MissionDesc0ARDI stewards donated endowments to sustain future American air and space power, enhancing faculty quality and cadet education at the United States Air Force Academy.
IRS990/MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd00
IRS990/MoreThan5000KToOrgInd00
IRS990/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt050636726
IRS990/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt056426092
IRS990/NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp/ExclusionAmt02567363
IRS990/NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt02567363
IRS990/NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt03962
IRS990/NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt04055347
IRS990/NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp/BOYAmt012536948
IRS990/NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp/EOYAmt017539500
IRS990/NoncashContributionsAmt025000
IRS990/NondeductibleContributionsInd00
IRS990/OfficeExpensesGrp/FundraisingAmt06806
IRS990/OfficeExpensesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt013455
IRS990/OfficeExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt07160
IRS990/OfficeExpensesGrp/TotalAmt027421
IRS990/OfficerMailingAddressInd00
IRS990/OperateHospitalInd00
IRS990/Organization501c3Ind0X
IRS990/OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind0X
IRS990/OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt00
IRS990/OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp/FundraisingAmt0782
IRS990/OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt06812
IRS990/OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt09525
IRS990/OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp/TotalAmt017119
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/Desc0Cadet and faculty enric
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt068500
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/TotalAmt068500
IRS990/OtherRevenueMiscGrp/BusinessCd0523000
IRS990/OtherRevenueMiscGrp/Desc0Partnership income
IRS990/OtherRevenueMiscGrp/ExclusionAmt037588
IRS990/OtherRevenueMiscGrp/TotalRevenueColumnAmt062398
IRS990/OtherRevenueMiscGrp/UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt024810
IRS990/OtherRevenueTotalAmt062398
IRS990/OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp/FundraisingAmt06301
IRS990/OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt018421
IRS990/OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt056714
IRS990/OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp/TotalAmt081436
IRS990/PartialLiquidationInd00
IRS990/PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd00
IRS990/PayrollTaxesGrp/FundraisingAmt01787
IRS990/PayrollTaxesGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt05386
IRS990/PayrollTaxesGrp/ProgramServicesAmt016172
IRS990/PayrollTaxesGrp/TotalAmt023345
IRS990/PensionPlanContributionsGrp/FundraisingAmt0219
IRS990/PensionPlanContributionsGrp/ManagementAndGeneralAmt01906
IRS990/PensionPlanContributionsGrp/ProgramServicesAmt02665
IRS990/PensionPlanContributionsGrp/TotalAmt04790
IRS990/PoliticalCampaignActyInd00
IRS990/PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp/BOYAmt018133
IRS990/PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp/EOYAmt018438
IRS990/PrincipalOfficerNm0Christopher D Miller
IRS990/ProfessionalFundraisingInd00
IRS990/ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd00
IRS990/PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt00
IRS990/PYContributionsGrantsAmt0788889
IRS990/PYExcessBenefitTransInd00
IRS990/PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt00
IRS990/PYInvestmentIncomeAmt04756223
IRS990/PYOtherExpensesAmt01931184
IRS990/PYOtherRevenueAmt0-235428
IRS990/PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt00
IRS990/PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt02898382
IRS990/PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt0480118
IRS990/PYTotalExpensesAmt02411302
IRS990/PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt00
IRS990/PYTotalRevenueAmt05309684
IRS990/QuidProQuoContributionsInd00
IRS990/RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd00
IRS990/ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt01734019
IRS990/RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd01
IRS990/RelatedEntityInd01
IRS990/RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd00
IRS990/RelatedOrganizationsAmt0535500
IRS990/ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd00
IRS990/ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd01
IRS990/ReportOtherAssetsInd00
IRS990/ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd00
IRS990/ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd00
IRS990/SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp/BOYAmt01360610
IRS990/SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp/EOYAmt0850683
IRS990ScheduleA/CollegeOrganizationInd0X
IRS990ScheduleA/FactsAndCircumstancesTestTxt0Part II, Section C, Line 17a, Facts and Circumstances Test: the Organization supports the Air Force Academy. The Organization is above 10% public support, and more than 10% of support comes from a supporting organization.
IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp/CurrentTaxYearAmt0808568
IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt0788889
IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt0297196
IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt0350000
IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt0239521
IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp/TotalAmt02484174
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp/CurrentTaxYearAmt0760583
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt0900177
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt0841404
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt0718664
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt0629679
IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp/TotalAmt03850507
IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome170Grp/CurrentTaxYearAmt037588
IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome170Grp/TotalAmt037588
IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportCY170Pct00.23470
IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportPY170Pct00.19180
IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportTotal170Amt02484174
IRS990ScheduleA/TenPctFactsCrcmstncsTestCYInd0X
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearAmt0808568
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt0788889
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt0297196
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt0350000
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt0239521
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalCalendarYear170Grp/TotalAmt02484174
IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportAmt010583317
IRS990ScheduleA/UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp/CurrentTaxYearAmt024810
IRS990ScheduleA/UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt04110250
IRS990ScheduleA/UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp/CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt075988
IRS990ScheduleA/UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp/TotalAmt04211048
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorBusinessName/BusinessNameLine10RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorNum0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine10RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/AddressLine20RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/City0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/State0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/ContributorUSAddress/ZIPCode0RESTRICTED
IRS990ScheduleB/ContributorInformationGrp/TotalContributionsAmt0RESTRICTED
IRS990/ScheduleBRequiredInd01
IRS990ScheduleD/BoardDesignatedBalanceEOYPct00.90000
IRS990ScheduleD/CYEndwmtFundGrp/BeginningYearBalanceAmt040698558
IRS990ScheduleD/CYEndwmtFundGrp/EndYearBalanceAmt042163784
IRS990ScheduleD/CYEndwmtFundGrp/InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt04320092
IRS990ScheduleD/CYEndwmtFundGrp/OtherExpendituresAmt02854866
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp/BeginningYearBalanceAmt038857546
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp/EndYearBalanceAmt040698558
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp/InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt03571883
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp/OtherExpendituresAmt01730871
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp/BeginningYearBalanceAmt040913978
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp/EndYearBalanceAmt038857546
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp/InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt0-1452877
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp/OtherExpendituresAmt0603555
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp/BeginningYearBalanceAmt025280790
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp/EndYearBalanceAmt040913978
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp/InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt015633188
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp/BeginningYearBalanceAmt023568474
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp/EndYearBalanceAmt025280790
IRS990ScheduleD/CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp/InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt01712316
IRS990ScheduleD/DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt0121183
IRS990ScheduleD/DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt0121183
IRS990ScheduleD/EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd00
IRS990ScheduleD/EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd00
IRS990ScheduleD/EquipmentGrp/BookValueAmt076195
IRS990ScheduleD/EquipmentGrp/OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt076195
IRS990ScheduleD/ExpensesNotReportedAmt0121183
IRS990ScheduleD/ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt0244362
IRS990ScheduleD/ExpensesSubtotalAmt02220531
IRS990ScheduleD/FootnoteTextInd0X
IRS990ScheduleD/InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt0244362
IRS990ScheduleD/InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt0244362
IRS990ScheduleD/NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt04055347
IRS990ScheduleD/PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct00.08000
IRS990ScheduleD/RevenueNotReportedAmt04176530
IRS990ScheduleD/RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt0244362
IRS990ScheduleD/RevenueSubtotalAmt03954550
IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0The Organization maintains various endowment funds established to support each USAFA academic department, supporting whomever the dean of faculty nominates to occupy.
IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt1The Organization evaluates the effect of uncertain tax positions, if any, and provides for those positions in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. No tax accrual for uncertain tax positions has been recorded as management believes there are no uncertain tax positions for the Organization.
IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Part V, Line 4:
IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc1Part X, Line 2:
IRS990ScheduleD/TermEndowmentBalanceEOYPct00.02000
IRS990ScheduleD/TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt076195

Document Assets

No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.