Civic Intelligence

Dependency Legal Services

EIN 46-1248975 • 501(c)3 • Rocklin, CA

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Profile

The specific purpose of this organization is to provide legal representation in juvenile dependency court proceedings and to carry on such other activities associated with this goal as allowed by law.

5701 Lonetree Blvd 207-fRocklin, CA 95765

www.dependencyls.com

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

44th percentile

0.08x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 44% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $5M-$10M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Liabilities / Revenue

37th percentile

0.09x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 37% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $5M-$10M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Net Margin

66th percentile

13%

Higher net margin than 66% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $5M-$10M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Top Officer Pay

Score unavailable

No value available

No filing with officer rows is available for this organization yet.

Asset Growth

71st percentile

14%

Faster asset growth than 71% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $5M-$10M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Revenue Growth

36th percentile

0.7%

Faster revenue growth than 36% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $5M-$10M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets44th percentile

Assets

Up

$6,837,500

Up $827,361 (+14%) from 2023

Liabilities

Down

$577,771

Down $25,017 (-4.2%) from 2023

Net Assets

Up

$6,259,729

Up $852,378 (+16%) from 2023

Operations
Liabilities / Revenue37th percentileNet Margin66th percentile

Revenue

Up

$6,762,525

Up $47,643 (+0.7%) from 2023

Expenses

Down

$5,875,190

Down $250,471 (-4.1%) from 2023

Net Income

Up

$887,335

Up $298,114 (+51%) from 2023

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth71st percentile

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$8.0M$6.0M$4.0M$2.0M$0Assets 2012: $27,778Liabilities 2012: $12,2292012Assets 2013: $132,618Liabilities 2013: $18,949Net Assets 2013: $113,6692013Assets 2014: $235,633Liabilities 2014: $102,778Net Assets 2014: $132,8552014Assets 2015: $292,130Liabilities 2015: $89,236Net Assets 2015: $202,8942015Assets 2016: $419,347Liabilities 2016: $88,709Net Assets 2016: $330,6382016Assets 2017: $1,334,667Liabilities 2017: $170,323Net Assets 2017: $1,164,3442017Assets 2018: $1,675,505Liabilities 2018: $223,585Net Assets 2018: $1,451,9202018Assets 2019: $1,884,771Liabilities 2019: $262,155Net Assets 2019: $1,622,6162019Assets 2020: $3,368,108Liabilities 2020: $391,863Net Assets 2020: $2,976,2452020Assets 2021: $4,080,780Liabilities 2021: $337,051Net Assets 2021: $3,743,7292021Assets 2022: $5,533,275Liabilities 2022: $732,196Net Assets 2022: $4,801,0792022Assets 2023: $6,010,139Liabilities 2023: $602,788Net Assets 2023: $5,407,3512023Assets 2024: $6,837,500Liabilities 2024: $577,771Net Assets 2024: $6,259,7292024

Highlighted filing

2024

Assets$6,837,500
Liabilities$577,771
Net Assets$6,259,729
Open 2024 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth36th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$8.0M$6.0M$4.0M$2.0M$0Revenue 2012: $100,000Expenses 2012: $84,451Net Income 2012: $15,5492012Revenue 2013: $690,415Expenses 2013: $592,294Net Income 2013: $98,1212013Revenue 2014: $979,084Expenses 2014: $959,898Net Income 2014: $19,1862014Revenue 2015: $1,098,037Expenses 2015: $1,027,998Net Income 2015: $70,0392015Revenue 2016: $1,580,864Expenses 2016: $1,453,398Net Income 2016: $127,4662016Revenue 2017: $3,178,317Expenses 2017: $2,657,574Net Income 2017: $520,7432017Revenue 2018: $3,917,313Expenses 2018: $3,637,174Net Income 2018: $280,1392018Revenue 2019: $3,774,776Expenses 2019: $3,604,080Net Income 2019: $170,6962019Revenue 2020: $5,719,930Expenses 2020: $4,366,301Net Income 2020: $1,353,6292020Revenue 2021: $5,563,757Expenses 2021: $4,796,273Net Income 2021: $767,4842021Revenue 2022: $6,477,535Expenses 2022: $5,398,271Net Income 2022: $1,079,2642022Revenue 2023: $6,714,882Expenses 2023: $6,125,661Net Income 2023: $589,2212023Revenue 2024: $6,762,525Expenses 2024: $5,875,190Net Income 2024: $887,3352024

Highlighted filing

2024

Revenue$6,762,525
Expenses$5,875,190
Net Income$887,335
Open 2024 Filing

Filings

Most recent year

2024 • Form 990Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$6,837,500
Liabilities
$577,771
Net assets
$6,259,729
Revenue
$6,762,525
Expenses
$5,875,190
Net income
$887,335
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$6.84$0.58$6.26$6.76$5.88$0.89
2023Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$6.01$0.60$5.41$6.71$6.13$0.59
2022Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$5.53$0.73$4.80$6.48$5.40$1.08
2021Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$4.08$0.34$3.74$5.56$4.80$0.77
2020Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$3.37$0.39$2.98$5.72$4.37$1.35
2019Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$1.88$0.26$1.62$3.77$3.60$0.17
2018Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$1.68$0.22$1.45$3.92$3.64$0.28
2017Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$1.33$0.17$1.16$3.18$2.66$0.52
2016Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.42$0.09$0.33$1.58$1.45$0.13
2015Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.29$0.09$0.20$1.10$1.03$0.07
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.24$0.10$0.13$0.98$0.96$0.02
2013Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.13$0.02$0.11$0.69$0.59$0.10
2012Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.03$0.01$0.10$0.08$0.02
Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024
Signed
May 29, 2025
Return Version
2024v5.1
Gross Receipts
$6,762,525
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

The specific purpose of this organization is to provide legal representation in juvenile dependency court proceedings and to carry on such other activities associated with this goal as allowed by law.

Provide legal representation in juvenile dependency court

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$4,219,907$4,794,016▲ $574,109
Accounts Receivable$1,298,571$1,782,133▲ $483,562
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$91,920$85,172▼ $6,748
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$231,655$28,579▼ $203,076
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$537$0▼ $537
Other Notes and Loans Receivable, Net-$0-
Pledges and Grants Receivable-$0-
Receivable From Disqualified Prsn-$0-
Receivables From Officers Etc-$0-
Investments Other Securities-$0-
Investments Program Related-$0-
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities-$0-
Intangible Assets-$0-
Inventories for Sale or Use-$0-
Total Assets$6,010,139$6,837,500▲ $827,361
Other Assets Total$167,549$147,600▼ $19,949
Liabilities
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$442,375$434,603▼ $7,772
Other Liabilities$160,413$143,168▼ $17,245
Total Liabilities$602,788$577,771▼ $25,017
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$5,407,351$6,259,729▲ $852,378
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$5,407,351$6,259,729▲ $852,378
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$6,010,139$6,837,500▲ $827,361

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Equipment-$41,808$41,808
Other Land Buildings-$8,549$8,549
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer PayScore unavailable

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
John PassalacquaCEOFT$264,200$23,310$287,510
Candi MayesSenior Lead ATTORNEYFT$198,226$31,140$229,366
mikaela westLead AttorneyFT$164,716$31,793$196,509
Julia HanaganLead AttorneyFT$155,449$29,760$185,209
Whitney Kulpsenior ATTORNEYFT$143,139$18,780$161,919
Matthew DeferSenior AttorneyFT$129,591$20,639$150,230
Ashley mooneyattorneyFT$132,157$15,401$147,558
Emily BartholomewDirector-$6,710-$6,710
Derraugh DawsonDirector-$4,500-$4,500
Jennifer WilliamsDirector-$4,500-$4,500
Stephen NelsonDirector-$4,500-$4,500

Highest Paid Contractors

ContractorServicesLocationCompensation
ibrahim AgilAttorneys5185 Hall Road, Santa Rosa, CA 95401$150,000
David meyersAttorneys2156 Irvin Way, Sacramento, CA 95403$135,000
Andrew conwayAttorneys2092 Waltzer road, Santa Rosa, CA 95403$125,180
Christina BeedeAttorney177A Lincoln Ave, Woodland, CA 95695$122,000
rebecca BowmanAttorneysPO Box 433, Auburn, CA 95604$118,500
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$0
Program Service Revenue
$6,575,680
Investment Income
$186,845
Other Revenue
$0
Change in Net Assets
$887,335

Audited Revenue Reconciliation

Revenue per Audited Statements
$6,762,525
Revenue Not Reported on Form 990
$-34,957
Total Revenue per Audited Statements
$6,727,568
Total Revenue per Form 990
$6,762,525
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$4,182,879
Other Expenses$1,692,311
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Total Fundraising Expense$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$2,889,810$131,524-$3,021,334
Fees for Services Legal$1,017,020--$1,017,020
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$444,999$92,087-$537,086
Other Employee Benefits$336,927$19,270-$356,197
Payroll Taxes$253,979$14,283-$268,262
Occupancy$241,232$12,446-$253,678
Fees for Services Other$50,684$76,582-$127,266
Travel$52,790$5,774-$58,564
Insurance-$50,436-$50,436
All Other Expenses$33,359$13,881-$47,240
Other Expenses$16,492$18,000-$18,000
Office Expenses$13,155$1,072-$14,227
Information Technology$12,836$1,109-$13,945
Advertising-$634-$634
Depreciation Depletion$537--$537
Total Functional Expenses$5,408,343$466,847$0$5,875,190

Audited Expense Reconciliation

Line ItemAmount
Expenses per Audited Statements$5,875,190
Total Expenses per Audited Statements$5,875,190
Total Expenses per Form 990$5,875,190
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
Yes
Subject to proxy tax
No
Insider Transactions and Loans

Loans and Receivables

Line ItemBeginningEndChange
Receivables from Disqualified Persons-$0-
Receivables from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees-$0-
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Operating Lease Liability$118,617
Trust Liabilities$22,151
scholarship$2,400
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
No
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11B

“An electronic copy of the form 990 is provided to the ceo prior to filing. After reciving written approval the form is submitted electronically.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12C

“Each director and principal officer shall anually sign a statement which affirms such person has received a copy of the policy, has read and understands the policy, and has agreed to comply with the policy.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15A

“Compensation is based on industry standards and individual achievements and is reviewed by the board of directors.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15B

“Compensation is based on industry standards and individual achievements and is approved by the board of directors.”

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19

“Forms are made available upon request at the organization's headquarters.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Dependency Legal Services
EIN
46-1248975
Phone
7074625806
Address
5701 LONETREE BLVD 207-F, ROCKLIN, CA 95765

Signing Officer

Name
John Passalacqua
Title
CEO
Signed
2025-05-29
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
John Passalacqua
Formed
2012
Legal Domicile
CA
Voting Board Members
5
Independent Board Members
4
Employees
46
Volunteers
3

Preparer

Firm
Nelson & Associates CPAs
Address
2230 Longport Ct Ste 110, Elk Grove, CA 95758
Preparer
Michelle Nelson CPA CFE MST
Phone
9162996800
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This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

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IRS990/Desc0Dependency Legal Services is a non-profit, interdisciplinary law firm dedicated to serving children and parents in child abuse and neglect cases. Our attorneys are court appointed to serve clients in Marin, Placer, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, and Yolo County dependency proceedings. Dependency Legal Services is a dynamic law firm, with opportunities for growth, which values quality representation as well as quality of personal life. ([email protected]). Dependency Legal Services served approximately 2356 total clients at any given time in all our counties: This was comprised of approximately 911 children and 1445 parents. For a further breakdown by County:Marin: 95 Children and 86 ParentsPlacer: 1 Child and 206 Parents Sonoma: 8 Children and 276 ParentsSolano: 312 Children and 258 ParentsStanislaus: 139 Children and 312 ParentsYolo: 356 Children and 307 ParentsWith regard to Program Accomplishments, Dependency Legal Services continues to raise the quality of services to our clients in various ways. Firstly, DLS remains active in the legislature. Dependency Legal Services co-sponsored a very important bill that was signed into law by Governor Newsome. A.B. 2664 requires that, when the court orders the custody of a child to be retained by the parent or guardian at disposition, even if the child was initially detained, and then subsequently removes the child at disposition on a petition brought pursuant to a subsequent petition, as specified, the child is deemed to have entered foster care on the earlier of the date of the jurisdictional hearing held pursuant to the subsequent petition or the date that is 60 days after the date the child was initially removed from the physical custody of their parent or guardian on a subsequent petition. The bill requires that the disposition on a subsequent petition be considered the initial disposition for specified circumstances. The bill requires, for purposes of calculating the date of a continued permanency review hearing or a subsequent permanency review hearing, as specified, the child is deemed to have been originally removed from the physical custody of their parent or guardian on the date they were taken into custody by the social worker based on a subsequent petition, as specified. A.B. 2664 essentially vitiates In re Michael G. which had the impact of starting the reunification clock from removal at a detention hearing, on a prima facie standard even though the child was not removed at the disposition hearing. As with all of our legislative efforts, we strive to advocate for policy changes that support families, increase reunification and promote stability for foster youth throughout California. Dependency Legal Services attorneys serve on the Family Law Advisory Committee, the Family Justice Initiative workgroup and the Family Law/Juvenile Law Committee as well. DLS attorneys also continue to be contributing authors to Seiser & Kumli on Juvenile Courts Practice and Procedure. This year senior staff rolled out several training courses for both DLS staff and dependency counsel and social workers across the state. This included a Judicial Council training on Legislation, and Basic Dependency, a training with a lived experience expert on the parents experience in the dependency system, a training on visitation and two trainings at the National Association of Childs Counsel on rethinking termination of parental rights and unlikely allies in legislation. Additionally, ten staff members were sent to this training in Salt Lake City, Utah. Four of our management staff have obtained Child Welfare Law Specialist status. DLS continues to explore pre-filing work in our counties. We have an in house working group that is meeting regularly to segway into this work and we will be pursuing grant opportunities.DLS also continues to improve our Human Resources department. We have entered into a contract with People Rock Human Resources to provide guidance and oversight on numerous H.R. issues. This
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