Civic Intelligence

Farm Commons

EIN 45-5445890 • 501(c)3 • Duluth, MN

Profile

Farm Commons' mission is to provide the legal resources that sustainable farmers need to become the stable, resilient foundation of a community-based food system. Farm Commons empowers agricultural communities (including farmers, ranchers, and agriculture support persons) to identify and resolve legal vulnerabilities within an ecosystem of support. An ecosystem of support includes accountants, attorneys, and insurance agents who assist agricultural business owners in resolving risk. To carry out our mission, we create educational resources including online workshops. We also develop the leadership of agricultural community members (farmers and their supporters) to support legal resiliency in their region.

302 W Austin StDuluth, MN 55803

www.farmcommons.org

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

61st percentile

0.06x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 61% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Liabilities / Revenue

57th percentile

0.04x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 57% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Net Margin

64th percentile

12%

Higher net margin than 64% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Source year 2024

Top Officer Pay

Score unavailable

No value available

No filing with officer rows is available for this organization yet.

Asset Growth

83rd percentile

33%

Faster asset growth than 83% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Revenue Growth

50th percentile

7.1%

Faster revenue growth than 50% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $500k-$1M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Assets

Up

$377,094

Up $93,633 (+33%) from 2023

Liabilities

Up

$21,638

Up $19,167 (+776%) from 2023

Net Assets

Up

$355,456

Up $74,466 (+27%) from 2023

Revenue

Up

$614,371

Up $40,633 (+7.1%) from 2023

Expenses

Down

$539,905

Down $37,475 (-6.5%) from 2023

Net Income

Up

$74,466

Up $78,108 (+2145%) from 2023

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$400K$300K$200K$100K$0Assets 2012: $6,616Liabilities 2012: $02012Assets 2013: $26,047Liabilities 2013: $02013Assets 2014: $171,324Liabilities 2014: $1,858Net Assets 2014: $169,4662014Assets 2015: $132,677Liabilities 2015: $2,151Net Assets 2015: $130,5262015Assets 2016: $168,620Liabilities 2016: $3,567Net Assets 2016: $165,0532016Assets 2017: $210,965Liabilities 2017: $16,296Net Assets 2017: $194,6692017Assets 2018: $198,374Liabilities 2018: $826Net Assets 2018: $197,5482018Assets 2019: $182,649Liabilities 2019: $709Net Assets 2019: $181,9402019Assets 2020: $254,143Liabilities 2020: $4,202Net Assets 2020: $249,9412020Assets 2021: $264,342Liabilities 2021: $13,507Net Assets 2021: $250,8352021Assets 2022: $287,917Liabilities 2022: $3,285Net Assets 2022: $284,6322022Assets 2023: $283,461Liabilities 2023: $2,471Net Assets 2023: $280,9902023Assets 2024: $377,094Liabilities 2024: $21,638Net Assets 2024: $355,4562024

Highlighted filing

2024

Assets$377,094
Liabilities$21,638
Net Assets$355,456

Operations Trend

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$800K$600K$400K$200K$0-$200KRevenue 2012: $20,003Expenses 2012: $13,387Net Income 2012: $6,6162012Revenue 2013: $48,264Expenses 2013: $28,307Net Income 2013: $19,9572013Revenue 2014: $273,303Expenses 2014: $129,884Net Income 2014: $143,4192014Revenue 2015: $200,488Expenses 2015: $239,428Net Income 2015: -$38,9402015Revenue 2016: $262,800Expenses 2016: $228,735Net Income 2016: $34,0652016Revenue 2017: $325,664Expenses 2017: $296,047Net Income 2017: $29,6172017Revenue 2018: $250,648Expenses 2018: $247,770Net Income 2018: $2,8782018Revenue 2019: $306,693Expenses 2019: $322,641Net Income 2019: -$15,9482019Revenue 2020: $436,671Expenses 2020: $368,670Net Income 2020: $68,0012020Revenue 2021: $438,509Expenses 2021: $437,615Net Income 2021: $8942021Revenue 2022: $504,775Expenses 2022: $470,979Net Income 2022: $33,7962022Revenue 2023: $573,738Expenses 2023: $577,380Net Income 2023: -$3,6422023Revenue 2024: $614,371Expenses 2024: $539,905Net Income 2024: $74,4662024

Highlighted filing

2024

Revenue$614,371
Expenses$539,905
Net Income$74,466

Filings

Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$3.77$0.22$3.55$6.14$5.40$0.74
2023Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$2.83$0.02$2.81$5.74$5.77$0.04
2022XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$2.88$0.03$2.85$5.05$4.71$0.34
2021Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$2.64$0.14$2.51$4.39$4.38$0.01
2020XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$2.54$0.04$2.50$4.37$3.69$0.68
2019XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$1.83$0.01$1.82$3.07$3.23$0.16
2018Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$1.98$0.01$1.98$2.51$2.48$0.03
2017Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$2.11$0.16$1.95$3.26$2.96$0.30
2016Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$1.69$0.04$1.65$2.63$2.29$0.34
2015Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$1.33$0.02$1.31$2.00$2.39$0.39
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$1.71$0.02$1.69$2.73$1.30$1.43
2013Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.26$0.00$0.48$0.28$0.20
2012Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$0.07$0.00$0.20$0.13$0.07
Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024
Signed
Sep 30, 2025
Return Version
2024v5.0
Gross Receipts
$614,371
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

When farmers and attorneys share knowledge, the entire local food system moves forward. Farm commons fosters the discussions and connections that build a strong legal backbone for our community.

Farm Commons empowers agricultural communities to resolve their own legal vulnerabilities, within an ecosystem of support. We achieve our mission through development of high-quality, accessible legal education resources that help producers identify issues, make crucial decisions, and take action to achieve legal resilience. We also know that farmers themselves are the best source for creative solutions to their own challenges. We develop community leaders who guide peers and foster conversations about legal resilience. In-depth research into nuanced legal issues and delivering legal services also play a role in creating accurate, plain language resources that empower small business owners to develop their resilience. Our work reaches audiences that have historically lacked access to business legal services whether by gender, race, geography and/or ability to pay.

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Cap Stk Tr Prin Current Funds$284,631$280,990▼ $3,641
Pledges and Grants Receivable$0$190,554▲ $190,554
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$0$101,489▲ $101,489
Accounts Receivable$83,595$0▼ $83,595
Rtn Earn Endowment Incm Other Fnds$-3,642$74,466▲ $78,108
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$159,288$42,916▼ $116,372
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$-42,883$32,850▲ $75,733
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$461$9,285▲ $8,824
Other Notes and Loans Receivable, Net$0$0→ $0
Receivable From Disqualified Prsn$0$0→ $0
Receivables From Officers Etc$0$0→ $0
Investments Other Securities$0--
Investments Program Related$0--
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities$0--
Pd in Cap Srpls Land Bldg Eqp Fund$0$0→ $0
Intangible Assets$0--
Inventories for Sale or Use$0$0→ $0
Loans From Officers Directors$0$0→ $0
Total Assets$283,461$377,094▲ $93,633
Other Assets Total$83,000--
Liabilities
Deferred Revenue$0$11,775▲ $11,775
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$0$8,154▲ $8,154
Other Liabilities$2,472$1,709▼ $763
Grants Payable$0$0→ $0
Mortgage Notes Payable Secured by Investment Property$0$0→ $0
Unsecured Notes Loans Payable$0$0→ $0
Escrow Account Liability$0$0→ $0
Tax Exempt Bond Liabilities$0$0→ $0
Total Liabilities$2,472$21,638▲ $19,166
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$280,989$355,456▲ $74,467
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$283,461$377,094▲ $93,633

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Other Land Buildings$32,850$0$32,850
Buildings$0$0$0
Land$0-$0
Equipment$0$0$0
Leasehold Improvements$0$0$0
Compensation and Service Providers

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseTotal
Rachel ArmstrongEx officio and Non-Voting DirectorFT$70,625$70,625

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Andrew LarsonPresident
Joy KirkpatrickDirector
Kate GrahamDirector
Tom BullerSecretary
Aaron SandvigTreasurer
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$482,096
Program Service Revenue
$130,786
Investment Income
$1,489
Other Revenue
$0
All Other Contributions
$7,584
Change in Net Assets
$74,466
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$342,023
Other Expenses$197,882
Total Fundraising Expense$9,588
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$269,485$22,851$3,649$295,985
Fees for Services Accounting$0$24,794$0$24,794
Payroll Taxes$21,504$1,813$284$23,601
Information Technology$8,582$7,182$1,584$17,348
Depreciation Depletion$0$17,267$0$17,267
Other Employee Benefits$13,992$2,115$4$16,111
Travel$6,005$718$3,916$10,639
Pension Plan Contributions$5,732$499$95$6,326
Occupancy$0$4,080$0$4,080
Other Expenses$2,116$381$0$2,497
Office Expenses$321$757$0$1,078
Advertising$750$35$56$841
Insurance$0$571$0$571
Total Functional Expenses$446,816$83,501$9,588$539,905
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Fundraising Direct Expenses$0
Fundraising Gross Income$0
Gaming Direct Expenses$0
Gaming Gross Income$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Insider Transactions and Loans

Loans and Receivables

Line ItemBeginningEndChange
Loans from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$0$0→ $0
Receivables from Disqualified Persons$0$0→ $0
Receivables from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$0$0→ $0
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Simple Ira$1,709
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
Yes
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
No
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11B

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11b All board members/directors receive a final draft copy of the Form 990 tax return. Members have two weeks to consider the material, ask questions, or recommend edits to the return. Any received questions or suggested edits are reviewed and resolved accordingly. The tax return is submitted when all issues are resolved.

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12C

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12c - At each new director orientation and annually at the December meeting, the conflicts of interest policy is distributed and directors have the opportunity to submit documentation of any potential or actual conflicts of interest, as necessary.

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15 - Compensation for every non-Executive Director position is determined according to the Compensation and Benefits policy, which is prepared and maintained by the Executive Director, and which requires an analysis of comparable positions in the organization's home state within a similar profession and at a similar scale. Compensation for the ExecutiveDirector position is determined according to the Compensation policy prepared and maintained by the Board of Directors, and which requires the organization strive to provide compensation at the level of comparable positions in the organization's home state within a similar profession and at a similar scale. A market comparison is preformed not more than every 2 years.

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19 - Yes, these documents were available to the public. Documents required to be available for public inspection (governing documents, conflict of interest policy, and financial statements) are available by calling the organization at the number listed at our website or emailing our central email address info at farmcommons dot org.

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Farm Commons
EIN
45-5445890
Phone
2183024030
Address
302 W Austin St, Duluth, MN 55803

Signing Officer

Name
Rachel Armstrong
Title
Executive Director
Phone
2183024030
Signed
2025-09-30

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Rachel Armstrong
Formed
2012
Legal Domicile
Wi
Voting Board Members
5
Independent Board Members
5
Employees
5
Volunteers
13
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Form 990, Part XI, Line 9

Rounding to whole dollar adjustment

Raw XML AppendixShowing 400 of 598 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

Path#Value
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IRS990/ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd00
IRS990/ActivityOrMissionDesc0Farm Commons empowers agricultural communities to resolve their own legal vulnerabilities, within an ecosystem of support. We achieve our mission through development of high-quality, accessible legal education resources that help producers identify issues, make crucial decisions, and take action to achieve legal resilience. We also know that farmers themselves are the best source for creative solutions to their own challenges. We develop community leaders who guide peers and foster conversations about legal resilience. In-depth research into nuanced legal issues and delivering legal services also play a role in creating accurate, plain language resources that empower small business owners to develop their resilience. Our work reaches audiences that have historically lacked access to business legal services whether by gender, race, geography and/or ability to pay.
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IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/PhoneNum02183024030
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0302 W Austin St
IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/CityNm0Duluth
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IRS990/Desc0Farmer Education: In 2024 we hosted 77 farmers through our Discovering Resilience workshops, which saw 90% of attendees adopt at least one of the 10 best practices of legal resilience within 3 months of the workshop. In addition, 80% of attendees are still working towards implementing 4 or more best practices 3 months after the workshop. We wrote and distributed 2 additional guides on farmland succession legal issues and on cooperative purchasing and financing of farmland. We developed and released 6 new podcast episodes and hosted 24 webinars for partner organizations. We brought 12 Fellows through our advanced training and communications programs. In addition, we addressed dozens of individual questions via email on farm business law issues.
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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm1Aaron Sandvig
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm2Andrew Larson
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm3Tom Buller
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm4Joy Kirkpatrick
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm5Kate Graham
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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt0Ex officio and Non-Voting Director
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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt5Director
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IRS990/MissionDesc0Farm Commons' mission is to provide the legal resources that sustainable farmers need to become the stable, resilient foundation of a community-based food system. Farm Commons empowers agricultural communities (including farmers, ranchers, and agriculture support persons) to identify and resolve legal vulnerabilities within an ecosystem of support. An ecosystem of support includes accountants, attorneys, and insurance agents who assist agricultural business owners in resolving risk. To carry out our mission, we create educational resources including online workshops. We also develop the leadership of agricultural community members (farmers and their supporters) to support legal resiliency in their region.
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IRS990/OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp/TotalAmt016111
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/Desc0Direct Program Expenses: Farmer and Prof Honorariums
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/Desc1Staff training, development, bad debt
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/Desc2Direct Program Expenses: Other
IRS990/OtherExpensesGrp/Desc3Bank, Card Processing, and Business Fees
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IRS990/PrincipalOfficerNm0Rachel Armstrong
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IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/Desc0Paywalled resource access
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/Desc1Contracts for resource and curriculum development
IRS990/ProgramServiceRevenueGrp/Desc2Legal Services
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IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp/Desc0Non-Farmer Education: In 2024, Farm Commons enhanced its service to Extension Educators, nonprofit employees, and farm support persons nationwide to help farmers recognize and address legal vulnerabilities before a problem occurs. We supported 176 organizations nationwide with customized access to our resources and individualized webinars to their agricultural communities. We delivered our comprehensive online workshop, Guiding Resilience, to 32 professionals nationwide. This 5-week comprehensive workshop prepares professionals to guide farmers in their own communities. Our data show that for every one non-farming agriculture professional we reach, that person provides our information to 22 more farmers in their local community, significantly magnifying our ability to achieve our mission. We hosted another session of our Legal Ecosystem Fellowship program that trains partners to be able to lead farm law workshops in their own communities. 8 professionals went through the LEF program and successfully delivered farm law presentations in their communities. We also developed custom resources for 5 other organizations.
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IRS990/ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp/Desc0Research: Farm Commons provides essential services in doing complex legal research and in studying the impact and ramifications of legal realities on diverse farm communities. As part of our effort to learn about how farm communities understand and react to legal realities, we occasionally providing legal services to community members, where this service will help inform our educational resource development and other research efforts.
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