Civic Intelligence

The Sixth Amendment Center Incorporated

EIN 45-3477185 • 501(c)3 • Boston, MA

View Organization Page

Profile

The sixth amendment center seeks to ensure that no person faces potential time in jail without first having the aid of a lawyer with the time, ability and resources to present an effective defense, as required under the united states constitution. We do so by measuring public defense systems against established standards of justice. Wnen shortcomings are identified, we help states and counties make their courts fair again in ways that promote public safety and fiscal responsibility.

PO Box 15556Boston, MA 02215

www.sixthamendment.org

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

76th percentile

0.06x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 76% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Liabilities / Revenue

89th percentile

0.30x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 89% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Net Margin

2nd percentile

-2784%

Higher net margin than 2% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Top Officer Pay

99th percentile

$162,155

Higher top officer pay than 99% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 326.8% of source-year revenue.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Asset Growth

13th percentile

-85%

Faster asset growth than 13% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Revenue Growth

5th percentile

-98%

Faster revenue growth than 5% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets76th percentile

Assets

Down

$244,072

Down $1,370,928 (-85%) from 2023

Liabilities

Up

$14,743

Up $12,233 (+487%) from 2023

Net Assets

Down

$229,329

Down $1,383,161 (-86%) from 2023

Operations
Liabilities / Revenue89th percentileNet Margin2nd percentile

Revenue

Down

$49,613

Down $2,383,302 (-98%) from 2023

Expenses

Up

$1,430,880

Up $294,152 (+26%) from 2023

Net Income

Down

-$1,381,267

Down $2,677,454 (-207%) from 2023

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth13th percentile

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$2.0M$1.5M$1.0M$500K$0Assets 2012: $2,380Liabilities 2012: $0Net Assets 2012: $2,3802012Assets 2013: $7,737Liabilities 2013: $0Net Assets 2013: $7,7372013Assets 2014: $8,502Liabilities 2014: $0Net Assets 2014: $8,5022014Assets 2015: $13,279Liabilities 2015: $0Net Assets 2015: $13,2792015Assets 2016: $1,675Liabilities 2016: $0Net Assets 2016: $1,6752016Assets 2017: $641Liabilities 2017: $0Net Assets 2017: $6412017Assets 2018: $22,536Liabilities 2018: $0Net Assets 2018: $22,5362018Assets 2019: $367,833Liabilities 2019: $0Net Assets 2019: $367,8332019Assets 2020: $174,460Liabilities 2020: $0Net Assets 2020: $174,4602020Assets 2021: $466,371Liabilities 2021: $7,800Net Assets 2021: $458,5712021Assets 2023: $1,615,000Liabilities 2023: $2,510Net Assets 2023: $1,612,4902023Assets 2024: $244,072Liabilities 2024: $14,743Net Assets 2024: $229,3292024

Highlighted filing

2024

Assets$244,072
Liabilities$14,743
Net Assets$229,329
Open 2024 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth5th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$3.0M$2.0M$1.0M$0-$1.0M-$2.0MRevenue 2012: $49,245Expenses 2012: $46,865Net Income 2012: $2,3802012Revenue 2013: $277,303Expenses 2013: $271,946Net Income 2013: $5,3572013Revenue 2014: $270,501Expenses 2014: $269,736Net Income 2014: $7652014Revenue 2015: $338,059Expenses 2015: $333,282Net Income 2015: $4,7772015Revenue 2016: $323,840Expenses 2016: $335,443Net Income 2016: -$11,6032016Revenue 2017: $274,951Expenses 2017: $275,985Net Income 2017: -$1,0342017Revenue 2018: $544,593Expenses 2018: $522,698Net Income 2018: $21,8952018Revenue 2019: $957,353Expenses 2019: $612,056Net Income 2019: $345,2972019Revenue 2020: $663,392Expenses 2020: $856,765Net Income 2020: -$193,3732020Revenue 2021: $1,190,757Expenses 2021: $906,644Net Income 2021: $284,1132021Revenue 2023: $2,432,915Expenses 2023: $1,136,728Net Income 2023: $1,296,1872023Revenue 2024: $49,613Expenses 2024: $1,430,880Net Income 2024: -$1,381,2672024

Highlighted filing

2024

Revenue$49,613
Expenses$1,430,880
Net Income-$1,381,267
Open 2024 Filing

Filings

Most recent year

2024 • Form 990Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.

Open filing
Assets
$244,072
Liabilities
$14,743
Net assets
$229,329
Revenue
$49,613
Expenses
$1,430,880
Net income
-$1,381,267
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2024Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$0.24$0.01$0.23$0.05$1.43$1.38
2023XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$1.62$0.00$1.61$2.43$1.14$1.30
2021Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.47$0.01$0.46$1.19$0.91$0.28
2020Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.17$0.00$0.17$0.66$0.86$0.19
2019Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.37$0.00$0.37$0.96$0.61$0.35
2018Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.02$0.00$0.02$0.54$0.52$0.02
2017XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.27$0.28$0.00
2016XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.32$0.34$0.01
2015Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.01$0.00$0.01$0.34$0.33$0.00
2014XML pending. An XML filing is linked for this year, but detailed extraction is still pending.$0.01$0.00$0.01$0.27$0.27$0.00
2013Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.01$0.00$0.01$0.28$0.27$0.01
2012Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.05$0.05$0.00
Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024
Signed
Nov 17, 2025
Return Version
2024v5.2
Gross Receipts
$49,613
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

See Schedule O

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$506,178$232,374▼ $273,804
Accounts Receivable$1,108,822$8,698▼ $1,100,124
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$0$3,000▲ $3,000
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$0$0→ $0
Other Notes and Loans Receivable, Net$0$0→ $0
Pledges and Grants Receivable$0$0→ $0
Receivable From Disqualified Prsn$0$0→ $0
Receivables From Officers Etc$0$0→ $0
Investments Other Securities$0$0→ $0
Investments Program Related$0$0→ $0
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities$0$0→ $0
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$0$0→ $0
Intangible Assets$0$0→ $0
Inventories for Sale or Use$0$0→ $0
Loans From Officers Directors$0$0→ $0
Total Assets$1,615,000$244,072▼ $1,370,928
Other Assets Total$0$0→ $0
Liabilities
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$2,510$14,743▲ $12,233
Grants Payable$0$0→ $0
Mortgage Notes Payable Secured by Investment Property$0$0→ $0
Unsecured Notes Loans Payable$0$0→ $0
Other Liabilities$0$0→ $0
Deferred Revenue$0$0→ $0
Escrow Account Liability$0$0→ $0
Tax Exempt Bond Liabilities$0$0→ $0
Total Liabilities$2,510$14,743▲ $12,233
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$1,612,490$229,329▼ $1,383,161
Net Assets With Donor Restrictions$0$0→ $0
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$1,612,490$229,329▼ $1,383,161
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$1,615,000$244,072▼ $1,370,928
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay99th percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseTotal
David CarrollED & Secretary (Eff. 12/15/24)FT$162,155$162,155
Aditi GoelDeputy DirectorFT$149,000$149,000
Jonathan MosherDeputy DirectorFT$149,000$149,000
Phyllis MannSenior Program ManagerFT$142,989$142,989
Lacey CoppageSenior Program AssociateFT$107,500$107,500

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Jason D WilliamsonChair (eff. 12/15/24)
David MeyerChair (thru 12/15/24)
Deborah LeffDirector
Erik LunaDirector
Michelle CiroccoDirector
Silas HorstDirector
Walter Sanchezsecretary (Thru 12/15/24)
Jeremiah MostellerTreasurer (Eff. 12/15/24)
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$10,448
Program Service Revenue
$39,165
Investment Income
$0
Other Revenue
$0
All Other Contributions
$10,448
Change in Net Assets
$-1,381,267

Audited Revenue Reconciliation

Revenue per Audited Statements
$49,613
Total Revenue per Audited Statements
$49,613
Total Revenue per Form 990
$49,613
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$1,085,927
Other Expenses$344,953
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Total Fundraising Expense$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Other Salaries and Wages$496,754$48,840-$545,594
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$418,964$41,191-$460,155
Fees for Services Other$0$186,978$0$186,978
Payroll Taxes$72,944$7,234-$80,178
Office Expenses-$47,575-$47,575
Insurance-$46,284-$46,284
Fees for Services Accounting-$44,564-$44,564
Travel-$14,628-$14,628
Conferences and Meetings-$3,022-$3,022
Other Expenses$0$1,692$0$1,692
Advertising-$210-$210
Total Functional Expenses$988,662$442,218$0$1,430,880

Audited Expense Reconciliation

Line ItemAmount
Expenses per Audited Statements$1,430,880
Total Expenses per Audited Statements$1,430,880
Total Expenses per Form 990$1,430,880
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Fundraising Direct Expenses$0
Fundraising Gross Income$0
Gaming Direct Expenses$0
Gaming Gross Income$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Insider Transactions and Loans

Loans and Receivables

Line ItemBeginningEndChange
Loans from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$0$0→ $0
Receivables from Disqualified Persons$0$0→ $0
Receivables from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$0$0→ $0
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B:

“Reviewed by executive director.”

FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C:

“The organization monitors and enforces compliance with the conflict of interest policy via regular review of each officer, director and key employee's individual background and situation.”

FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15:

“Compensation of the organization's officers and key employees are determined through analysis of the job duties, evaluation of the organization's financial ability and research of the industry's wage range. Compensation of the organization's officers and key employees are approved by the board.”

FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19:

“Information is provided through the organization's website.”

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
The Sixth Amendment Center Incorporated
EIN
45-3477185
In Care Of
% DAVID CARROLL
Phone
6175124946
Address
PO BOX 15556, BOSTON, MA 02215

Signing Officer

Name
David J Carroll
Title
President & Founder
Phone
6175124946
Signed
2025-11-17
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
David J Carroll
Formed
2011
Legal Domicile
Ma
Voting Board Members
7
Independent Board Members
6
Employees
9
Volunteers
0

Preparer

Firm
Withumsmithbrownpc
Address
500 UNICORN PARK DRIVE SUITE 101, WOBURN, MA 01801
Preparer
Ronald W Baptista CPA
Phone
7813216065
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

FORM 990, PART I, Line 1:

“The sixth amendment center seeks to ensure that no person faces potential time in jail or prison without first having the aid of a lawyer with the time, ability and resources to present an effective defense, as required under the united states constitution. We do so by measuring public defense systems against sixth amendment case law and established standards of justice. When shortcomings are identified, we help states and counties make their courts fair again in ways that promote public safety and fiscal responsibility.”

FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1:

“The sixth amendment center seeks to ensure that no person faces potential time in jail or prison without first having the aid of a lawyer with the time, ability and resources to present an effective defense, as required under the united states constitution. We do so by measuring public defense systems against sixth amendment case law and established standards of justice. When shortcomings are identified, we help states and counties make their courts fair again in ways that promote public safety and fiscal responsibility.”

FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:

“Other changes in net assets: -$1,894”

Form 990 Part IX Line 11G

“Description:legal and professional service total fees:186978”

Financial Statement Notes

Form 990, Schedule D, Part X, Line 2

“The Organization is registered with the Internal Revenue Service as an organization exempt from income tax under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and, therefore, files information returns on Federal Form 990 and Massachusetts Form PC as a public charity. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been made in the accompanying financial statements. GAAP clarifies the accounting for income taxes, by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. GAAP also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement and classification of amounts relating to uncertain tax positions, accounting for and disclosure of interest and penalties, and disclosures. The Organization has analyzed the tax positions taken by the Organization, and has concluded that as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there are no uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken that would require recognition of a liability (or asset) or disclosure in the financial statements. The Organization recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in operating expenses. There were no interest and penalties recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.”

Raw XML AppendixShowing 400 of 529 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

Path#Value
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IRS990/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0PO BOX 15556
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IRS990/CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd0false
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IRS990/CompensationProcessOtherInd0true
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IRS990/CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt00
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IRS990/CYOtherExpensesAmt0344953
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IRS990/CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt00
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IRS990/Desc0PROVIDING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND EVALUATION SERVICES TO VARIOUS STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS EXAMINING CURRENT METHODS FOR PROVIDING THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO COUNSEL IN CRIMINAL TRIALS, IMPROVING STRUCTURES WHERE DEFICIENCIES ARE IDENTIFIED, AND PROVIDING EXPERT RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF INDIGENT DEFENSE ISSUES.
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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm3Phyllis Mann
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm4Lacey Coppage
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm5Jason D Williamson
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm6Jeremiah Mosteller
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm7Erik Luna
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm8Michelle Cirocco
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm9Deborah Leff
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm10David Meyer
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm11Silas Horst
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/PersonNm12Walter Sanchez
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IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt0ED & Secretary (Eff. 12/15/24)
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt1Deputy Director
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt2Deputy Director
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt3Senior Program Manager
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt4Senior Program Associate
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt5Chair (eff. 12/15/24)
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt6Treasurer (Eff. 12/15/24)
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt7Director
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt8Director
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt9Director
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt10Chair (thru 12/15/24)
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt11Director
IRS990/Form990PartVIISectionAGrp/TitleTxt12secretary (Thru 12/15/24)
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IRS990/PrincipalOfficerNm0DAVID J CARROLL
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IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0The Organization is registered with the Internal Revenue Service as an organization exempt from income tax under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and, therefore, files information returns on Federal Form 990 and Massachusetts Form PC as a public charity. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been made in the accompanying financial statements. GAAP clarifies the accounting for income taxes, by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. GAAP also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement and classification of amounts relating to uncertain tax positions, accounting for and disclosure of interest and penalties, and disclosures. The Organization has analyzed the tax positions taken by the Organization, and has concluded that as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there are no uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken that would require recognition of a liability (or asset) or disclosure in the financial statements. The Organization recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in operating expenses. There were no interest and penalties recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
IRS990ScheduleD/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0FORM 990, SCHEDULE D, PART X, LINE 2
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