Civic Intelligence

Cause of Action Institute

EIN 45-2805977 • 501(c)3 • Arlington, VA

Profile

Cause of action institute (coa institute) carries out its mission through various strategic litigation, education, and training. (continued on schedule o)

4201 Wilson Blvd 1000Arlington, VA 22203

www.causeofaction.org

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

83rd percentile

0.20x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 83% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Liabilities / Revenue

76th percentile

0.03x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 76% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Net Margin

21st percentile

-25%

Higher net margin than 21% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Top Officer Pay

86th percentile

$12,630

Higher top officer pay than 86% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 2.7% of source-year revenue.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2024

Asset Growth

18th percentile

-58%

Faster asset growth than 18% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Revenue Growth

20th percentile

-46%

Faster revenue growth than 20% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2024

Assets

Down

$79,270

Down $109,438 (-58%) from 2023

Liabilities

Up

$16,224

Up $7,424 (+84%) from 2023

Net Assets

Down

$63,046

Down $116,862 (-65%) from 2023

Revenue

Down

$470,002

Down $402,007 (-46%) from 2023

Expenses

Down

$586,864

Down $227,048 (-28%) from 2023

Net Income

Down

-$116,862

Down $174,959 (-301%) from 2023

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$1.5M$1.0M$500K$0-$500KAssets 2012: $156,246Liabilities 2012: $18,230Net Assets 2012: $138,0162012Assets 2013: $680,831Liabilities 2013: $151,491Net Assets 2013: $529,3402013Assets 2014: $888,416Liabilities 2014: $948,907Net Assets 2014: -$60,4912014Assets 2015: $1,273,999Liabilities 2015: $344,171Net Assets 2015: $929,8282015Assets 2016: $1,399,719Liabilities 2016: $863,432Net Assets 2016: $536,2872016Assets 2017: $1,100,195Liabilities 2017: $971,757Net Assets 2017: $128,4382017Assets 2018: $403,487Liabilities 2018: $771,864Net Assets 2018: -$368,3772018Assets 2019: $1,024,709Liabilities 2019: $777,653Net Assets 2019: $247,0562019Assets 2020: $393,025Liabilities 2020: $110,225Net Assets 2020: $282,8002020Assets 2021: $148,960Liabilities 2021: $1,696Net Assets 2021: $147,2642021Assets 2022: $126,657Liabilities 2022: $4,846Net Assets 2022: $121,8112022Assets 2023: $188,708Liabilities 2023: $8,800Net Assets 2023: $179,9082023Assets 2024: $79,270Liabilities 2024: $16,224Net Assets 2024: $63,0462024

Highlighted filing

2024

Assets$79,270
Liabilities$16,224
Net Assets$63,046

Operations Trend

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$8.0M$6.0M$4.0M$2.0M$0-$2.0MRevenue 2012: $996,545Expenses 2012: $858,529Net Income 2012: $138,0162012Revenue 2013: $3,000,950Expenses 2013: $2,609,626Net Income 2013: $391,3242013Revenue 2014: $4,802,122Expenses 2014: $5,391,953Net Income 2014: -$589,8312014Revenue 2015: $5,569,487Expenses 2015: $4,579,168Net Income 2015: $990,3192015Revenue 2016: $5,706,538Expenses 2016: $6,100,079Net Income 2016: -$393,5412016Revenue 2017: $4,901,961Expenses 2017: $5,309,810Net Income 2017: -$407,8492017Revenue 2018: $5,047,211Expenses 2018: $5,402,736Net Income 2018: -$355,5252018Revenue 2019: $5,861,511Expenses 2019: $5,167,729Net Income 2019: $693,7822019Revenue 2020: $1,114,101Expenses 2020: $957,236Net Income 2020: $156,8652020Revenue 2021: $375,119Expenses 2021: $510,655Net Income 2021: -$135,5362021Revenue 2022: $200,011Expenses 2022: $225,464Net Income 2022: -$25,4532022Revenue 2023: $872,009Expenses 2023: $813,912Net Income 2023: $58,0972023Revenue 2024: $470,002Expenses 2024: $586,864Net Income 2024: -$116,8622024

Highlighted filing

2024

Revenue$470,002
Expenses$586,864
Net Income-$116,862

Filings

Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jan 1, 2024 to Dec 31, 2024
Signed
Nov 17, 2025
Return Version
2024v5.1
Gross Receipts
$470,002
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Cause of action institute (coa institute) carries out its mission through various strategic litigation, education, and training. (continued on schedule o)

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$171,556$72,377▼ $99,179
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$9,652$0▼ $9,652
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$7,500$6,250▼ $1,250
Accounts Receivable$0$643▲ $643
Receivable From Disqualified Prsn$0$0→ $0
Receivables From Officers Etc$0$0→ $0
Investments Other Securities$0--
Investments Program Related$0--
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$0$0→ $0
Loans From Officers Directors$0$0→ $0
Total Assets$188,708$79,270▼ $109,438
Other Assets Total$0$0→ $0
Liabilities
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$8,800$16,224▲ $7,424
Other Liabilities$0$0→ $0
Total Liabilities$8,800$16,224▲ $7,424
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$179,908$63,046▼ $116,862
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$179,908$63,046▼ $116,862
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$188,708$79,270▼ $109,438
Compensation and Service Providers

Employees

NameTitleBaseTotal
David WilliamsDirector$12,630$12,630

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Emily SeidelDirector
William BurckDirector
Kurt LevelDirector and Secretary
James ValvoExecutive Director
Alex VarbanTreasurer

Highest Paid Contractors

ContractorServicesLocationCompensation
See Schedule OSee Schedule O4201 WILSON BLVD, STE 1000, Arlington, VA 22203$263,009
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$470,000
Program Service Revenue
$0
Investment Income
$2
Other Revenue
$0
All Other Contributions
$470,000
Change in Net Assets
$-116,862
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Other Expenses$574,234
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$12,630
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$0
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Total Fundraising Expense$0

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Fees for Services Other$467,532$16,399$0$483,931
Advertising$37,933--$37,933
Insurance$13,093$3,156-$16,249
Information Technology$13,666--$13,666
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$12,630--$12,630
Occupancy-$6,561-$6,561
Fees for Services Accounting-$6,038-$6,038
Travel$4,116--$4,116
Office Expenses$3,422$492-$3,914
Fees for Services Legal$1,171--$1,171
Other Expenses$655--$655
Total Functional Expenses$554,218$32,646$0$586,864
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
No
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
No

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Professional Fundraising Fees$0
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
No
Subject to proxy tax
No
Insider Transactions and Loans

Loans and Receivables

Line ItemBeginningEndChange
Loans from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$0$0→ $0
Receivables from Disqualified Persons$0$0→ $0
Receivables from Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$0$0→ $0
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
No
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
No
Other officer compensation reviewed
No
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
No
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Line 11B Review of form 990 by governing body

An independent accounting firm prepared and reviewed the form 990. A full draft of the 990 along with all required schedules is then provided to internal management for review. All questions are addressed and any modifications are made, if necessary. The final form 990 along with all required schedules is then provided to the board.

Form 990, Part VI, Line 12C Conflict of interest policy

THE BOARD IS COVERED BY A CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND, AS NECESSARY, THE BOARD AND LEGAL COUNSEL MAY MEET PERIODICALLY TO DISCUSS THE POLICY AND ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICTS. The organization recently updated its conflict of interest policy for directors, officers, and key employees and each of them acknowledged the new policy.

Form 990, Part VI, Line 19 Required documents available to the public

The organization makes all required disclosures available to the public under irs regulations.

Form 990, Part VII, Section A

David williams was compensated on irs form 1099-nec for independent contractor consulting services performed on behalf of the organization, pursuant to a written contract.

Form 990, Part VII, Section B, Line 1 INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS

The independent contractor's name and address was omitted from part vii, section b, question 1, which asks for information concerning the organization's five highest paid independent contractors. Such name and address was omitted per the attorney-client privilege. All services were provided to advance the organization's mission and programmatic activities and all services were provided on arm's length terms.

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Cause of Action Institute
EIN
45-2805977
Phone
7032147118
Address
4201 WILSON BLVD 1000, ARLINGTON, VA 22203

Signing Officer

Name
James Valvo
Title
Executive Director
Phone
7032147118
Signed
2025-11-17
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Formed
2011
Legal Domicile
De
Voting Board Members
5
Independent Board Members
4
Employees
0
Volunteers
4

Preparer

Firm
Forvis Mazars LLP
Address
1201 Walnut Street Suite 1700, Kansas City, MO 64106-2246
Preparer
Michael Engle
Phone
8162216300
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Form 990, Part I, Line 1 BRIEF MISSION

In advancing its 501(c)(3) purposes, coa institute represents itself in first-party litigation and investigations on complex constitutional and administrative law questions arising under the u.s. Constitution, the freedom of information act, the administrative procedure act, and government oversight statutes. It also provides pro bono representation to individuals and small businesses in third party federal litigation and investigations. Its efforts focus on three key areas: (1) law enforcement abuse; (2) discretionary decision-making abuse; and (3) information access abuse. The foregoing activities help defend human and civil rights secured by law, are matters of significant broad public interest, and have substantial impact beyond the interest of the litigants. Coa institute educates and stimulates discussion to the public through filings and briefing in federal court and policy-focused requests for information, agency complaints, statements for the record, investigative reports, policy analysis, and communications materials.

Form 990, Part III, Line 1 ORGANIZATION'S MISSION

In advancing its 501(c)(3) purposes, coa institute represents itself in first-party litigation and investigations on complex constitutional and administrative law questions arising under the u.s. Constitution, the freedom of information act, the administrative procedure act, and government oversight statutes. It also provides pro bono representation to individuals and small businesses in third party federal litigation and investigations. Its efforts focus on three key areas: (1) law enforcement abuse; (2) discretionary decision-making abuse; and (3) information access abuse. The foregoing activities help defend human and civil rights secured by law, are matters of significant broad public interest, and have substantial impact beyond the interest of the litigants. Coa institute educates and stimulates discussion to the public through filings and briefing in federal court and policy-focused requests for information, agency complaints, statements for the record, investigative reports, policy analysis, and communications materials.

Form 990, Part IX, Line 11G Other Fees

Outreach Services - Total Expense: 243931, Program Service Expense: 235665, Management and General Expenses: 8266, Fundraising Expenses: 0; Professional Services - Total Expense: 240000, Program Service Expense: 231867, Management and General Expenses: 8133, Fundraising Expenses: 0;

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IRS990/PrincipalOfcrBusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0JAMES VALVO EXECUTIVE DIR
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IRS990ScheduleA/Form990ScheduleAPartVIGrp/ExplanationTxt0DESCRIPTION - OTHER INCOME, COLUMN A - 13499.0, COLUMN B - , COLUMN C - , COLUMN D - , COLUMN E - , COLUMN F - 13499.0;
IRS990ScheduleA/Form990ScheduleAPartVIGrp/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Schedule A, Part II, Line 10 Other Income
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IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0IN ADVANCING ITS 501(C)(3) PURPOSES, COA INSTITUTE REPRESENTS ITSELF IN FIRST-PARTY LITIGATION AND INVESTIGATIONS ON COMPLEX CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW QUESTIONS ARISING UNDER THE U.S. CONSTITUTION, THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE ACT, AND GOVERNMENT OVERSIGHT STATUTES. IT ALSO PROVIDES PRO BONO REPRESENTATION TO INDIVIDUALS AND SMALL BUSINESSES IN THIRD PARTY FEDERAL LITIGATION AND INVESTIGATIONS. ITS EFFORTS FOCUS ON THREE KEY AREAS: (1) LAW ENFORCEMENT ABUSE; (2) DISCRETIONARY DECISION-MAKING ABUSE; AND (3) INFORMATION ACCESS ABUSE. THE FOREGOING ACTIVITIES HELP DEFEND HUMAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS SECURED BY LAW, ARE MATTERS OF SIGNIFICANT BROAD PUBLIC INTEREST, AND HAVE SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT BEYOND THE INTEREST OF THE LITIGANTS. COA INSTITUTE EDUCATES AND STIMULATES DISCUSSION TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH FILINGS AND BRIEFING IN FEDERAL COURT AND POLICY-FOCUSED REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION, AGENCY COMPLAINTS, STATEMENTS FOR THE RECORD, INVESTIGATIVE REPORTS, POLICY ANALYSIS, AND COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt1IN ADVANCING ITS 501(C)(3) PURPOSES, COA INSTITUTE REPRESENTS ITSELF IN FIRST-PARTY LITIGATION AND INVESTIGATIONS ON COMPLEX CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW QUESTIONS ARISING UNDER THE U.S. CONSTITUTION, THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE ACT, AND GOVERNMENT OVERSIGHT STATUTES. IT ALSO PROVIDES PRO BONO REPRESENTATION TO INDIVIDUALS AND SMALL BUSINESSES IN THIRD PARTY FEDERAL LITIGATION AND INVESTIGATIONS. ITS EFFORTS FOCUS ON THREE KEY AREAS: (1) LAW ENFORCEMENT ABUSE; (2) DISCRETIONARY DECISION-MAKING ABUSE; AND (3) INFORMATION ACCESS ABUSE. THE FOREGOING ACTIVITIES HELP DEFEND HUMAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS SECURED BY LAW, ARE MATTERS OF SIGNIFICANT BROAD PUBLIC INTEREST, AND HAVE SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT BEYOND THE INTEREST OF THE LITIGANTS. COA INSTITUTE EDUCATES AND STIMULATES DISCUSSION TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH FILINGS AND BRIEFING IN FEDERAL COURT AND POLICY-FOCUSED REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION, AGENCY COMPLAINTS, STATEMENTS FOR THE RECORD, INVESTIGATIVE REPORTS, POLICY ANALYSIS, AND COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt2AN INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTING FIRM PREPARED AND REVIEWED THE FORM 990. A FULL DRAFT OF THE 990 ALONG WITH ALL REQUIRED SCHEDULES IS THEN PROVIDED TO INTERNAL MANAGEMENT FOR REVIEW. ALL QUESTIONS ARE ADDRESSED AND ANY MODIFICATIONS ARE MADE, IF NECESSARY. THE FINAL FORM 990 ALONG WITH ALL REQUIRED SCHEDULES IS THEN PROVIDED TO THE BOARD.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt3THE BOARD IS COVERED BY A CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND, AS NECESSARY, THE BOARD AND LEGAL COUNSEL MAY MEET PERIODICALLY TO DISCUSS THE POLICY AND ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICTS. The organization recently updated its conflict of interest policy for directors, officers, and key employees and each of them acknowledged the new policy.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt4THE ORGANIZATION MAKES ALL REQUIRED DISCLOSURES AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UNDER IRS REGULATIONS.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt5DAVID WILLIAMS WAS COMPENSATED ON IRS FORM 1099-NEC FOR INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR CONSULTING SERVICES PERFORMED ON BEHALF OF THE ORGANIZATION, PURSUANT TO A WRITTEN CONTRACT.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt6THE INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR'S NAME AND ADDRESS WAS OMITTED FROM PART VII, SECTION B, QUESTION 1, WHICH ASKS FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING THE ORGANIZATION'S FIVE HIGHEST PAID INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS. SUCH NAME AND ADDRESS WAS OMITTED PER THE ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE. ALL SERVICES WERE PROVIDED TO ADVANCE THE ORGANIZATION'S MISSION AND PROGRAMMATIC ACTIVITIES AND ALL SERVICES WERE PROVIDED ON ARM'S LENGTH TERMS.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt7Outreach Services - Total Expense: 243931, Program Service Expense: 235665, Management and General Expenses: 8266, Fundraising Expenses: 0; Professional Services - Total Expense: 240000, Program Service Expense: 231867, Management and General Expenses: 8133, Fundraising Expenses: 0;
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Form 990, Part I, Line 1 BRIEF MISSION
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc1Form 990, Part III, Line 1 ORGANIZATION'S MISSION
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc2Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b Review of form 990 by governing body
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc3Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c Conflict of interest policy
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc4Form 990, Part VI, Line 19 Required documents available to the public
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc5Form 990, Part VII, Section A
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc6Form 990, Part VII, Section B, Line 1 INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc7Form 990, Part IX, Line 11g Other Fees
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IRS990/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt04201 WILSON BLVD STE 1000
IRS990/USAddress/CityNm0ARLINGTON
IRS990/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0VA
IRS990/USAddress/ZIPCd022203
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ReturnHeader/BuildTS02025-03-06 01:10:19Z
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd0true
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonNm0JAMES VALVO
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonTitleTxt0EXECUTIVE DIR.
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PhoneNum07032147118
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/SignatureDt02025-11-17
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0Cause of Action Institute
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessNameControlTxt0CAUS
ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN0452805977
ReturnHeader/Filer/PhoneNum07032147118
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ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmEIN0440160260
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0Forvis Mazars LLP
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt01201 Walnut Street Suite 1700
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/CityNm0Kansas City
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0MO
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/ZIPCd0641062246
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PhoneNum08162216300
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparationDt02025-11-17

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