Liabilities / Assets
49th percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
EIN 33-0751630 • 501(c)6 • Riverside, CA
Profile
To serve and protect the public, physicians and medical centers by: 1) determining the minimum, general education and training standards for those individuals who seek certification in spine surgery. 2) determining initial and continuing professional qualifications of applicants for certification; conducting regular examinations of those applicants found to be eligible and qualified; issuing certificates to those applicants who successfully complete such examinations; and 3) maintaining a registry of the holders of active and lapsed certificates issued by the american board of spine surgery, inc.
Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.
Liabilities / Assets
49th percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
Liabilities / Revenue
51st percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
Net Margin
3rd percentile
Higher net margin than 3% of similar nonprofits.
Top Officer Pay
77th percentile
Higher top officer pay than 77% of similar nonprofits.
Top officer pay equals 0.0% of source-year revenue.
Asset Growth
54th percentile
Faster asset growth than 54% of similar nonprofits.
Revenue Growth
Score unavailable
A valid growth rate could not be computed from the available filing history.
Assets
Up$46,258
Up $206 (+0.4%) from 2023
Liabilities
Flat$0
Flat from 2023
Net Assets
Up$46,258
Up $206 (+0.4%) from 2023
Revenue
Up$241
Up $241 from 2023
Expenses
Down$1,583
Down $6,144 (-80%) from 2023
Net Income
Up-$1,342
Up $6,385 (+83%) from 2023
Most recent year
2024 • Form 990EZDetailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.
To serve and protect the public, physicians and medical centers by: 1. Determining the minimum , general education and training standards for those individuals who seek certification in spine surgery. 2. Determining initial and continuing professional qualifications of applicants for certification; conducting regular examinations of those applicants found to be eligible and qualified ; issuing certificates to those applicants who successfully complete such examinations; and 3. Maintaing a registry of the holders of active and lapsed certificates issued by the american board of spine surgery, inc.
To serve and protect the public, physicians and medical centers by: 1) determining the minimum, general education and training standards for those individuals who seek certification in spine surgery. 2) determining initial and continuing professional qualifications of applicants for certification; conducting regular examinations of those applicants found to be eligible and qualified; issuing certificates to those applicants who successfully complete such examinations; and 3) maintaining a registry of the holders of active and lapsed certificates issued by the american board of spine surgery, inc.
| Description | Grants | Expenses |
|---|---|---|
| THE ORGANIZATION DEVELOPS AND ADMINISTERS A CERTIFYING EXAMINATION TO BECOME DIPLOMATS OF THE BOARD. | $0 | $0 |
| THE BOARD MAINTAINS A WEBSITE FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE PUBLIC ABOUT SPINE SURGERY AND FOR THE INFORMATION OF SPINE SURGEONS RELATING TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BOARD AND OTHER ISSUES OF INTEREST TO SPINE SURGEONS. | $0 | $0 |
| Name | Title | Full / Part Time | Base | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALI ARAGHI MD | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| REGINALD J DAVIS MD | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| FERNANDO G DIAZ MD | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| ARNOLD GRAHAM SMITH MD | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| RICHARD GUYER | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| JAMES B REYNOLDS MD | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| PAUL J SLOSAR MD | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| WILLIAM CHARLES WATTERS III MD | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| CHOLL KIM | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| GEORGE W WHARTON MD | Director | - | $0 | - | - |
| PIERCE D NUNLEY MD | Chairman | - | $0 | - | - |
| DAVID A CAVANAUGH | Vice Chairman | - | $0 | - | - |
“Description: insurance. Amount: 812.”
“Description: due from acss. Beg. Of year amount: 0. End of year amount: 46,258.”
This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.
| Path | # | Value |
|---|---|---|
| IRS990EZ/ActivitiesNotPreviouslyRptInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/PersonNm | 0 | THOMAS T HAIDER |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/PhoneNum | 0 | 3106998390 |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 0 | 6276 RIVER CREST DRIVE |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/CityNm | 0 | RIVERSIDE |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 0 | CA |
| IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/ZIPCd | 0 | 92057 |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestmentsGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 47600 |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestmentsGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ChgMadeToOrgnzngDocNotRptInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/DirectIndirectPltclExpendAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/DonorAdvisedFndsInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ExcessOrDeficitForYearAmt | 0 | -1342 |
| IRS990EZ/FeesAndOtherPymtToIndCntrctAmt | 0 | 771 |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignFinancialAccountInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignOfficeInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/Form990TotalAssetsGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 47600 |
| IRS990EZ/Form990TotalAssetsGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 46258 |
| IRS990EZ/GrossReceiptsAmt | 0 | 241 |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIIInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIVInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartVInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/MadeLoansToFromOfficersInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/MembershipDuesAmt | 0 | 241 |
| IRS990EZ/MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt | 0 | 47600 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt | 0 | 46258 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 47600 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 46258 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 0 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 1 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 2 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 3 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 4 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 5 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 6 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 7 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 8 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 9 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 10 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | 11 | 0.00 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 6 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 7 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 8 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 9 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 10 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt | 11 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 6 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 7 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 8 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 9 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 10 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/EmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | 11 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 4 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 5 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 6 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 7 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 8 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 9 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 10 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/ExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt | 11 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 0 | ALI ARAGHI MD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 1 | REGINALD J DAVIS MD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 2 | FERNANDO G DIAZ MD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 3 | ARNOLD GRAHAM SMITH MD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 4 | RICHARD GUYER |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 5 | JAMES B REYNOLDS MD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 6 | PAUL J SLOSAR MD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 7 | WILLIAM CHARLES WATTERS III MD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 8 | CHOLL KIM |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 9 | GEORGE W WHARTON MD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 10 | PIERCE D NUNLEY MD |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm | 11 | DAVID A CAVANAUGH |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 0 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 1 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 2 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 3 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 4 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 5 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 6 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 7 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 8 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 9 | DIRECTOR |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 10 | CHAIRMAN |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt | 11 | VICE CHAIRMAN |
| IRS990EZ/OperateHospitalInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/Organization501cInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationDissolvedEtcInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationHadUBIInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherAssetsTotalDetail/BOYAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherAssetsTotalDetail/EOYAmt | 0 | 46258 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherExpensesTotalAmt | 0 | 812 |
| IRS990EZ/PoliticalCampaignActyInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/PrimaryExemptPurposeTxt | 0 | TO SERVE AND PROTECT THE PUBLIC, PHYSICIANS AND MEDICAL CENTERS BY: 1) DETERMINING THE MINIMUM, GENERAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING STANDARDS FOR THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO SEEK CERTIFICATION IN SPINE SURGERY. 2) DETERMINING INITIAL AND CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS OF APPLICANTS FOR CERTIFICATION; CONDUCTING REGULAR EXAMINATIONS OF THOSE APPLICANTS FOUND TO BE ELIGIBLE AND QUALIFIED; ISSUING CERTIFICATES TO THOSE APPLICANTS WHO SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETE SUCH EXAMINATIONS; AND 3) MAINTAINING A REGISTRY OF THE HOLDERS OF ACTIVE AND LAPSED CERTIFICATES ISSUED BY THE AMERICAN BOARD OF SPINE SURGERY, INC. |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/DescriptionProgramSrvcAccomTxt | 0 | THE ORGANIZATION DEVELOPS AND ADMINISTERS A CERTIFYING EXAMINATION TO BECOME DIPLOMATS OF THE BOARD. |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/DescriptionProgramSrvcAccomTxt | 1 | THE BOARD MAINTAINS A WEBSITE FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE PUBLIC ABOUT SPINE SURGERY AND FOR THE INFORMATION OF SPINE SURGEONS RELATING TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BOARD AND OTHER ISSUES OF INTEREST TO SPINE SURGEONS. |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/GrantsAndAllocationsAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/GrantsAndAllocationsAmt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/ProgramServiceExpensesAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/ProgramServiceExpensesAmt | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ScheduleBNotRequiredInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd | 0 | CA |
| IRS990EZ/SubjectToProxyTaxInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilitiesGrp/BOYAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilitiesGrp/EOYAmt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TanningServicesProvidedInd | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalExpensesAmt | 0 | 1583 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalRevenueAmt | 0 | 241 |
| IRS990EZ/TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/WebsiteAddressTxt | 0 | WWW.AMERICANBOARDOFSPINESURGERY.ORG |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 0 | DESCRIPTION: INSURANCE. AMOUNT: 812. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt | 1 | DESCRIPTION: DUE FROM ACSS. BEG. OF YEAR AMOUNT: 0. END OF YEAR AMOUNT: 46,258. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 0 | FORM 990-EZ, PART I, LINE 16 - OTHER EXPENSES |
| IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc | 1 | FORM 990-EZ, PART II, LINE 24 - OTHER ASSETS |
| TransferPrsnlBnftContractsDecl/DeclarationDesc | 0 | THE ORGANIZATION DID NOT, DURING THE YEAR, RECEIVE ANY FUNDS, DIRECTLY,OR INDIRECTLY, TO PAY PREMIUMS ON A PERSONAL BENEFIT CONTRACT.THE ORGANIZATION, DID NOT, DURING THE YEAR, PAY ANY PREMIUMS, DIRECTLY,OR INDIRECTLY, ON A PERSONAL BENEFIT CONTRACT. |
| ReturnHeader/BuildTS | 0 | 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z |
| ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd | 0 | 1 |
| ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonNm | 0 | THOMAS T HAIDER MD |
| ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonTitleTxt | 0 | SECRETARY |
| ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PhoneNum | 0 | 3106998390 |
| ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/SignatureDt | 0 | 2025-11-13 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 0 | AMERICAN BOARD OF SPINE SURGERY INC |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessNameControlTxt | 0 | AMER |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN | 0 | 330751630 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/PhoneNum | 0 | 3106998390 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 0 | 6276 RIVER CREST DRIVE |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/CityNm | 0 | RIVERSIDE |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 0 | CA |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCd | 0 | 92507 |
| ReturnHeader/IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd | 0 | 0 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmEIN | 0 | 330371564 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmName/BusinessNameLine1Txt | 0 | GATTO POPE & WALWICK LLP |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt | 0 | 3131 CAMINO DEL RIO N 1200 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/CityNm | 0 | SAN DIEGO |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | 0 | CA |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/ZIPCd | 0 | 92108 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PhoneNum | 0 | 6192827366 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparationDt | 0 | 2025-11-13 |
| ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparerPersonNm | 0 | BRAD A GASTINEAU |
| ReturnHeader/ReturnTs | 0 | 2025-11-17T17:47:22-06:00 |
| ReturnHeader/ReturnTypeCd | 0 | 990EZ |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDt | 0 | 2024-01-01 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDt | 0 | 2024-12-31 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxYr | 0 | 2024 |
No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.