Liabilities / Assets
53rd percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
990EZ • Fiscal year 2012 • EIN 27-2538459
Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.
Liabilities / Assets
53rd percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
Liabilities / Revenue
57th percentile
Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.
Net Margin
28th percentile
Higher net margin than 28% of similar nonprofits.
Top Officer Pay
Score unavailable
This filing does not contain officer compensation rows.
Asset Growth
31st percentile
Faster asset growth than 31% of similar nonprofits.
Revenue Growth
28th percentile
Faster revenue growth than 28% of similar nonprofits.
Assets
Down$12,860
Down $1,312 (-9.3%) from 2011
Net Assets
Down$12,860
Down $1,312 (-9.3%) from 2011
Liabilities
Flat$0
Flat from 2011
Revenue
Down$17,887
Down $3,073 (-15%) from 2011
Expenses
Down$19,199
Down $2,239 (-10%) from 2011
Net Income
Down-$1,312
Down $834 (-174%) from 2011
This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.
| Path | # | Value |
|---|---|---|
| IRS990EZ/ActivitiesNotPreviouslyRpt | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/AddressChange | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/AmountOfTaxImposedOnOrgMgr | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/AmountOfTaxReimbursedByOrg | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/BenefitsPaidToOrForMembers | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestments/BOY | 0 | 14172 |
| IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestments/EOY | 0 | 12860 |
| IRS990EZ/ContributionsGiftsGrantsEtc | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/CostOfGoodsSold | 0 | 845 |
| IRS990EZ/CostOtherBasisAndSalesExpenses | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/DidOrgFileForm1120POLThisYear | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/DirectIndirectPoliticalExpend | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/DoesOrgHaveHospital | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/EngagedInExcessBenefitTrans | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/EngageInLobbyingActivities | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/EngagePoliticalCmpgnActivities | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ExcessOrDeficitForYear | 0 | -1312 |
| IRS990EZ/FeesAndOthPymtToIndContractors | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/FiledScheduleA | 0 | 1 |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignFinancialAccount | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ForeignOffice | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/FundraisingGrossIncome | 0 | 2236 |
| IRS990EZ/GainOrLossFromSaleOfAssets | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/GamingGrossIncome | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/GrantsAndSimilarAmountsPaid | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/GroProfitLossSalesOfInventory | 0 | 932 |
| IRS990EZ/GrossAmountFromSaleOfAssets | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/GrossReceipts | 0 | 19127 |
| IRS990EZ/GrossReceiptsLessThan25000 | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/GrossSalesOfInventory | 0 | 1777 |
| IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartI | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/InvestmentIncome | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/LandAndBuildings/BOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/LandAndBuildings/EOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/MadeChangesToOrgnzngEtcDoc | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/MadeLoansToFromOfficers | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/MaintainAnyDonorAdvisedFunds | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/MembershipDues | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/MethodOfAccountingCash | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalances/BOY | 0 | 14172 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY | 0 | 14172 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalances/EOY | 0 | 12860 |
| IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY | 0 | 12860 |
| IRS990EZ/OccupancyRentUtilitiesAndMaint | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 0 | 2 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 1 | 2 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 2 | 2 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/AvgHoursPerWkDevotedToPosition | 3 | 2 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Compensation | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ContriToEmplBenefitPlansEtc | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/ExpenseAccountOtherAllowances | 3 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 0 | Alan Coombs |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 1 | Michael O'Donnell |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 2 | Robert Ryan |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/PersonName | 3 | Robert Halsey |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 0 | Treasurer |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 1 | President |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 2 | Secretary |
| IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeKeyEmpl/Title | 3 | Vice President |
| IRS990EZ/OperatingSchool | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/Organization501c3 | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationDissolvedEtc | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OrganizationHadUBI | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherAssetsTotal/BOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherAssetsTotal/EOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherChangesInNetAssets | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherExpensesTotal | 0 | 18749 |
| IRS990EZ/OtherRevenueTotal | 0 | 9 |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIAHghstPaidCntrctProfSer | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PartVIOfCompOfHighestPaidEmpl | 0 | NONE |
| IRS990EZ/PrimaryExemptPurpose | 0 | The purpose of the Brigade shall be to perpetuate the old American institution, the Barbershop Quartet, and to promote and encourage vocal harmony and good fellowship among its members; to encourage and promote the education of its members and the public in music appreciation; to initiate, promote and participate in charitable projects; to promote appreciation of barbershop harmony; and to promote and encourage interest and participation of its members in the affairs of the Society and of its chapters within the state of Michigan. |
| IRS990EZ/PrintingPublicationsPostage | 0 | 450 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/DescriptionProgramServiceAccom | 0 | We held our first Brigade weekend in June of 2010 with 113 singers participating each of which learned 10 new songs and performed them for an audience of over 250 people, in addition to singing in numerous quartet configurations throughout the weekend. |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/DescriptionProgramServiceAccom | 1 | We held our second annual Brigade weekend on June 3 - 5, 2011. 94 Barbershop singers participated. |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/DescriptionProgramServiceAccom | 2 | We held our third annual Brigade weekend June 1-3, 2012. 83 Barbershop singers participated. |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/GrantsAndAllocations | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/GrantsAndAllocations | 1 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/GrantsAndAllocations | 2 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/ProgramServiceExpenses | 0 | 19278 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/ProgramServiceExpenses | 1 | 14556 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceAccomplishment/ProgramServiceExpenses | 2 | 19127 |
| IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceRevenue | 0 | 15105 |
| IRS990EZ/ProhibitedTaxShelterTrans | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/RelatedOrgControlledEntity | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/SalariesOtherCompEmplBenefits | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/ScheduleBNotRequired | 0 | X |
| IRS990EZ/SpecialEventsDirectExpenses | 0 | 395 |
| IRS990EZ/SpecialEventsNetIncomeLoss | 0 | 1841 |
| IRS990EZ/StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled | 0 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/SubjectToProxyTax | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilities/BOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/SumOfTotalLiabilities/EOY | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TanningServicesProvided | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4911 | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4912 | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TaxImposedUnderIRC4955 | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/AddressLine1 | 0 | 1701 N Sheridan |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/City | 0 | Muskegon |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/State | 0 | MI |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/AddressUS/ZIPCode | 0 | 49445 |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/NamePerson | 0 | Alan Coombs |
| IRS990EZ/TheBooksAreInCareOf/TelephoneNumber | 0 | 2317443261 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalAssets/BOY | 0 | 14172 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalAssets/EOY | 0 | 12860 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalExpenses | 0 | 19199 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalProgramServiceExpenses | 0 | 52961 |
| IRS990EZ/TotalRevenue | 0 | 17887 |
| IRS990EZ/TransactionWithControlEntity | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/TrnsfrsExemptNonCharRelatedOrg | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990EZ/WebSite | 0 | http://glhb.org/ |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsFromSubstContributors/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsFromSubstContributors/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsFromSubstContributors/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsFromSubstContributors/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsFromSubstContributors/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsRecdFromDisqualPersons/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsRecdFromDisqualPersons/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsRecdFromDisqualPersons/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsRecdFromDisqualPersons/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/AmtsRecdFromDisqualPersons/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/First5Years509 | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GiftsGrantsContribReceived509/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossInvestmentIncome509/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 19127 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 23065 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 46045 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions/Total | 0 | 88237 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/GrossReceiptsFromNonUBI/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/NetIncomeFromOtherUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/NetIncomeFromOtherUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/NetIncomeFromOtherUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/NetIncomeFromOtherUBI/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/NetIncomeFromOtherUBI/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/OtherIncome509/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Post1975UBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Post1975UBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Post1975UBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Post1975UBTI/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Post1975UBTI/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PubliclySupportedOrg509a2 | 0 | X |
| IRS990ScheduleA/PublicSupportTotal509 | 0 | 88237 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/SupportFromDQPsEtc/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TaxRevLeviedForOrgBenefit509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TaxRevLeviedForOrgBenefit509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TaxRevLeviedForOrgBenefit509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TaxRevLeviedForOrgBenefit509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TaxRevLeviedForOrgBenefit509/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 19127 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 23065 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 46045 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/Total509/Total | 0 | 88237 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYear | 0 | 19127 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 23065 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 46045 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/TotalSupportTotal/Total | 0 | 88237 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/ValueOfSvcsFcltsFurnishdByGovt/CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/ValueOfSvcsFcltsFurnishdByGovt/CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/ValueOfSvcsFcltsFurnishdByGovt/CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/ValueOfSvcsFcltsFurnishdByGovt/CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleA/ValueOfSvcsFcltsFurnishdByGovt/Total | 0 | 0 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 0 | Interest income from savings account. |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Explanation | 1 | Description;Amount^Marketing;150|Miscellaneous Expenses;936|Banking and Legal;378|Hotel Meals;4794|Hotel Sleeping Rooms;8686|Purchase Music Packages;3805^Total;18749^ |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 0 | F99Z_P01_S00_L08 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/Identifier | 1 | F99Z_P01_S00_L16 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 0 | Form 990-EZ, Part I, Line 8 |
| IRS990ScheduleO/GeneralExplanation/ReturnReference | 1 | Form 990-EZ, Part I, Line 16 |
| ReturnHeader/BuildTS | 0 | 2016-02-25 16:41:14Z |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN | 0 | 272538459 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/Name/BusinessNameLine1 | 0 | Great Lakes Harmony Brigade |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/NameControl | 0 | GREA |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/Phone | 0 | 2317443261 |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1 | 0 | 1701 N Sheridan |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/City | 0 | Muskegon |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/State | 0 | MI |
| ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCode | 0 | 49445 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/DateSigned | 0 | 2013-05-09 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Name | 0 | Alan Coombs |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Phone | 0 | 2317443261 |
| ReturnHeader/Officer/Title | 0 | Treasurer |
| ReturnHeader/ReturnType | 0 | 990EZ |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDate | 0 | 2012-01-01 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDate | 0 | 2012-12-31 |
| ReturnHeader/TaxYear | 0 | 2012 |
| ReturnHeader/Timestamp | 0 | 2013-05-09T21:36:36-07:00 |
No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.
Displayed year
2012 • Form 990EZFacts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.