Civic Intelligence

The Foundation Fighting Blindness Inc

EIN 23-7135845 • 501(c)3 • Columbia, MD

Profile

The mission of the foundation fighting blindness, inc. (foundation) is to drive the research that will provide preventions, treatments and cures, for people affected by retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, usher syndrome, and the spectrum of retinal degenerative diseases.

6925 Oakland Mills Road 701Columbia, MD 21045

www.fightingblindness.org

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles relative to similar nonprofits. These scores are descriptive rather than judgmental.

Liabilities / Assets

48th percentile

0.24x

Higher debt load relative to assets than 48% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $100M-$250M nonprofits • Source year 2025

Liabilities / Revenue

66th percentile

0.74x

Higher debt load relative to revenue than 66% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $100M-$250M nonprofits • Source year 2025

Net Margin

6th percentile

-35%

Higher net margin than 6% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $100M-$250M nonprofits • Source year 2025

Top Officer Pay

60th percentile

$622,172

Higher top officer pay than 60% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 2.0% of source-year revenue.

501(c)3 • $100M-$250M nonprofits • Source year 2023

Asset Growth

8th percentile

-8.0%

Faster asset growth than 8% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $100M-$250M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2025

Revenue Growth

58th percentile

9.7%

Faster revenue growth than 58% of similar nonprofits.

501(c)3 • $100M-$250M nonprofits • Annualized from 2023 to 2025

Assets

Down

$110,885,645

Down $13,123,489 (-11%) from 2024

Liabilities

Down

$27,016,811

Down $4,381,816 (-14%) from 2024

Net Assets

Down

$83,868,834

Down $8,741,673 (-9.4%) from 2024

Revenue

Up

$36,615,169

Up $912,611 (+2.6%) from 2024

Expenses

Up

$49,532,382

Up $1,305,971 (+2.7%) from 2024

Net Income

Down

-$12,917,213

Down $393,360 (-3.1%) from 2024

Trend Graphs

Balance Sheet Trend

Grouped bars show assets, liabilities, and net assets across loaded filings.

$200M$150M$100M$50M$0Assets 2011: $46,755,869Liabilities 2011: $13,346,028Net Assets 2011: $33,409,8412011Assets 2012: $60,105,388Liabilities 2012: $17,120,795Net Assets 2012: $42,984,5932012Assets 2013: $73,618,451Liabilities 2013: $15,872,986Net Assets 2013: $57,745,4652013Assets 2014: $82,788,523Liabilities 2014: $12,524,827Net Assets 2014: $70,263,6962014Assets 2015: $111,781,122Liabilities 2015: $11,120,038Net Assets 2015: $100,661,0842015Assets 2016: $158,683,383Liabilities 2016: $15,180,623Net Assets 2016: $143,502,7602016Assets 2017: $154,220,569Liabilities 2017: $16,294,861Net Assets 2017: $137,925,7082017Assets 2018: $137,901,875Liabilities 2018: $10,783,026Net Assets 2018: $127,118,8492018Assets 2019: $166,093,298Liabilities 2019: $16,767,804Net Assets 2019: $149,325,4942019Assets 2020: $159,573,247Liabilities 2020: $14,014,074Net Assets 2020: $145,559,1732020Assets 2021: $155,616,058Liabilities 2021: $21,019,889Net Assets 2021: $134,596,1692021Assets 2022: $145,877,854Liabilities 2022: $24,415,527Net Assets 2022: $121,462,3272022Assets 2023: $130,891,355Liabilities 2023: $30,670,536Net Assets 2023: $100,220,8192023Assets 2024: $124,009,134Liabilities 2024: $31,398,627Net Assets 2024: $92,610,5072024Assets 2025: $110,885,645Liabilities 2025: $27,016,811Net Assets 2025: $83,868,8342025

Highlighted filing

2025

Assets$110,885,645
Liabilities$27,016,811
Net Assets$83,868,834

Operations Trend

Revenue, expenses, and net income by year, with the latest filing highlighted.

$100M$50M$0-$50MExpenses 2011: $25,992,4722011Expenses 2012: $29,725,3622012Expenses 2013: $25,953,5762013Revenue 2014: $38,346,263Expenses 2014: $25,828,393Net Income 2014: $12,517,8702014Revenue 2015: $56,426,497Expenses 2015: $27,822,077Net Income 2015: $28,604,4202015Revenue 2016: $71,894,445Expenses 2016: $28,566,915Net Income 2016: $43,327,5302016Revenue 2017: $24,590,184Expenses 2017: $28,675,325Net Income 2017: -$4,085,1412017Revenue 2018: $24,964,671Expenses 2018: $33,997,453Net Income 2018: -$9,032,7822018Revenue 2019: $53,369,210Expenses 2019: $33,924,028Net Income 2019: $19,445,1822019Revenue 2020: $35,372,887Expenses 2020: $41,134,475Net Income 2020: -$5,761,5882020Revenue 2021: $29,791,479Expenses 2021: $40,728,225Net Income 2021: -$10,936,7462021Revenue 2022: $42,887,836Expenses 2022: $49,175,609Net Income 2022: -$6,287,7732022Revenue 2023: $30,437,892Expenses 2023: $51,265,440Net Income 2023: -$20,827,5482023Revenue 2024: $35,702,558Expenses 2024: $48,226,411Net Income 2024: -$12,523,8532024Revenue 2025: $36,615,169Expenses 2025: $49,532,382Net Income 2025: -$12,917,2132025

Highlighted filing

2025

Revenue$36,615,169
Expenses$49,532,382
Net Income-$12,917,213

Filings

Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2025Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$111$27.0$83.9$36.6$49.5$12.9
2024Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$124$31.4$92.6$35.7$48.2$12.5
2023Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$131$30.7$100$30.4$51.3$20.8
2022Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$146$24.4$121$42.9$49.2$6.29
2021Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$156$21.0$135$29.8$40.7$10.9
2020Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$160$14.0$146$35.4$41.1$5.76
2019Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$166$16.8$149$53.4$33.9$19.4
2018Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$138$10.8$127$25.0$34.0$9.03
2017Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$154$16.3$138$24.6$28.7$4.09
2016Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$159$15.2$144$71.9$28.6$43.3
2015Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$112$11.1$101$56.4$27.8$28.6
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$82.8$12.5$70.3$38.3$25.8$12.5
2013Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$73.6$15.9$57.7$26.0
2012Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$60.1$17.1$43.0$29.7
2011Facts available. Structured filing facts are available, but richer extracted sections are limited.$46.8$13.3$33.4$26.0
Latest Filing Detail
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Jul 1, 2024 to Jun 30, 2025
Signed
Nov 3, 2025
Return Version
2024v5.2
Gross Receipts
$70,836,638
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

The mission of the foundation fighting blindness, inc. (foundation) is to drive the research that will provide preventions, treatments and cures, for people affected by retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, usher syndrome, and the spectrum of retinal degenerative diseases.

SEE SCHEDULE O

Balance Sheet Detail
LineBeginningEndChange
Assets
Investments in Publicly Traded Securities$85,735,053$80,569,953▼ $5,165,100
Pledges and Grants Receivable$16,206,701$9,572,815▼ $6,633,886
Savings and Temporary Cash Investments$5,399,724$6,101,316▲ $701,592
Cash and Non-Interest-Bearing Accounts$5,907,841$2,694,746▼ $3,213,095
Accounts Receivable$553,927$1,390,576▲ $836,649
Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges$683,433$828,606▲ $145,173
Land, Buildings, and Equipment, Net$691,222$600,568▼ $90,654
Inventories for Sale or Use$16,732$6,943▼ $9,789
Total Assets$124,009,134$110,885,645▼ $13,123,489
Other Assets Total$8,814,501$9,120,122▲ $305,621
Liabilities
Grants Payable$21,184,147$18,542,798▼ $2,641,349
Other Liabilities$6,864,405$5,376,829▼ $1,487,576
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses$2,799,115$2,235,740▼ $563,375
Deferred Revenue$550,960$861,444▲ $310,484
Total Liabilities$31,398,627$27,016,811▼ $4,381,816
Net Assets / Fund Balance
Net Assets With Donor Restrictions$71,996,445$63,500,949▼ $8,495,496
Net Assets Without Donor Restrictions$20,614,062$20,367,885▼ $246,177
Total Net Assets Fund Balance$92,610,507$83,868,834▼ $8,741,673
Total Liabilities and Net Assets / Fund Balance$124,009,134$110,885,645▼ $13,123,489

Asset Categories

AssetBook ValueDepreciationBasis
Other Land Buildings$510,804$3,106,126$3,616,930
Equipment$89,764$414,879$504,643
Other Assets Org$738,741--

Endowment Activity

PeriodBeginningContrib.Gain/LossOther UsesEnd
2024$4,593,101-▲ $622,389-$5,215,490
2023$4,033,188-▲ $559,913-$4,593,101
2022$3,634,618-▲ $398,570-$4,033,188
2021$4,200,522-▼ $565,904-$3,634,618
2020$3,422,374-▲ $939,020-$4,200,522
Compensation and Service Providers

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
Jason D MenzoCEOPT$352,711$226,435$579,145
Peter L GinsbergCOOPT$263,793$168,482$432,274
Todd a DurhamSVP Clinical & Outcomes ResearchFT$248,037$156,403$404,439
Jeffrey D KlaasChief of Strategy and InnovationFT$319,177$59,272$378,450
Claire M GelfmanFormer CSO (thru 6/24)FT$197,419$175,601$373,020
Richele DonatChief Human Resources OfficerFT$241,332$128,631$369,964
Judy TaylorSVP/chief Development OfficerFT$225,276$139,861$365,136
Amy M Palmer LasterChief Scientific OfficerFT$220,154$88,530$308,683
Christopher S AdamsVP, Communications & MarketingFT$180,257$121,391$301,648
Michele DivincenzoVP, Scientific & Ed. ConferencesFT$183,567$117,190$300,758
Jeffry CollinsVP, Database Systems & TechnologyFT$178,394$109,623$288,016
Anna WagnerVP, FinanceFT$192,892$68,916$261,808
Chad R Jackson - Sr DirPre-clinical Transitional Prog.FT$183,086$41,918$225,004
Adrienne Graves PhdDirector--$12,500$12,500

Board Members and Trustees

NameTitle
Karen PetrouBoard Chair
Maryrose SylvesterChair, at Large
Jeffrey FreedChair, Audit & Risk
Steven AlperChair, Development
David NixonCHAIR, FINANCE & INVESTMENT; TREAS.
Warren ThalerChair, Nominating & Governance
Jonathan Steinberg MdChair, Science
Gordon GundDirector - Chairman Emeritus
Jason MorrisExecutive Vice Chair
Haynes LeaBoard Secretary
Bradford ManningDirector
Darren DevoueDirector
David BrintDirector
Evan MittmanDirector
George PeinadoDirector
Janine Marks NixonDirector
Joshua SteinbergDirector
Laura FiettaDirector
Laura ManfreDirector
Marsha Link PhdDirector
Martha SteeleDirector
Robert HeidenbergDirector
Scott BurtDirector
Suber Huang MdDirector
Russell W KelleyManaging Director, Rd Fund

Highest Paid Contractors

ContractorServicesLocationCompensation
Fuse Fundraising Group LLCDirect Marketing Consultant12355 SUNRISE VALLEY DRIVE SUITE 2, Reston, VA 20191$627,860
Chicago Downtown MarriottVenue For Visions 2024540 N MICHIGAN AVENUE, Chicago, IL 60611$298,482
Fairmont Scottsdale PrincessVenue For Ics 20247575 EAST PRINCESS DRIVE, Scottsdale, AZ 85255$287,477
Horizon GovernmentGovernment Relations Consultant440 1ST ST NW SUITE 430, Washington, DC 20001$240,000
Molecular Media INCAv Equipment Rental8670 66TH COURT, Pinellas Park, FL 33782$218,718
Revenue and Support

Revenue Composition

Contributions and Grants
$31,063,702
Program Service Revenue
$2,004,208
Investment Income
$2,544,692
Other Revenue
$1,002,567
All Other Contributions
$24,557,921
Change in Net Assets
$-12,917,213

Noncash Contribution Practices

Property subject to holding requirements
No
Reviewed unusual noncash gifts
Yes
Third parties used for noncash contributions
No

Noncash Contributions

Contribution TypeContribution CountReported AmountValuation Method
Securities Publicly Traded45$657,342Fair Market Value
Other Non Cash Contri Table631$188,936Fair Market Value
Total Noncash Contributions676$846,278-

Audited Revenue Reconciliation

Revenue per Audited Statements
$36,458,586
Revenue Not Reported on Financial Statements
$156,583
Revenue Not Reported on Form 990
$4,252,650
Total Revenue per Audited Statements
$40,711,236
Total Revenue per Form 990
$36,615,169
Expenses and Functional Allocation

Major Expense Lines

Line ItemAmount
Grants and Similar Amounts Paid$22,880,201
Other Expenses$14,211,512
Salaries, Compensation, and Employee Benefits$11,708,364
Total Fundraising Expense$9,011,999
Professional Fundraising Fees$732,305

Functional Expense Allocation

Line ItemProgramManagementFundraisingTotal
Grants to Domestic Orgs$19,306,746--$19,306,746
Other Salaries and Wages$2,597,079$871,881$3,514,947$6,983,907
Foreign Grants$3,573,455--$3,573,455
Current Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees$904,110$602,750$909,584$2,416,444
Fees for Services Management$1,051,166$304,111$891,969$2,247,246
Other Employee Benefits$459,160$115,915$640,249$1,215,324
Conferences and Meetings$482,590$272,298$368,178$1,123,066
Fees for Services Professional Fundraising--$732,305$732,305
Payroll Taxes$249,925$103,530$322,099$675,554
Office Expenses$121,487$76,822$344,972$543,281
Advertising$322,722$10,343$160,092$493,157
Travel$146,710$80,127$256,396$483,233
Pension Plan Contributions$161,154$68,373$187,608$417,135
Information Technology$31,008$87,625$278,105$396,738
Other Expenses$150,097$23,865$151,386$325,348
All Other Expenses$998$179,777$105,592$286,367
Fees for Services Lobbying$240,000--$240,000
Insurance$123,024$24,364$61,220$208,608
Fees for Service Investment Mgmnt Fees-$156,583$26,469$183,052
Occupancy$18,234$69,888$38,890$127,012
Depreciation Depletion$88,591$500$16,563$105,654
Fees for Services Accounting-$52,880$5,375$58,255
Fees for Services Legal$1,620$53,125-$54,745
Total Functional Expenses$37,365,626$3,154,757$9,011,999$49,532,382

Audited Expense Reconciliation

Line ItemAmount
Total Expenses per Form 990$49,532,382
Total Expenses per Audited Statements$49,452,909
Expenses per Audited Statements$49,375,799
Expenses Not Reported on Financial Statements$156,583
Expenses Not Reported on Form 990$77,110
International Activity

Grant and Assistance Recipients

RecipientLocationCategoryPurposeAmount
Foundation Fighting Blindness Rd FundColumbia, MD501(c)(3)Research$8,771,404
University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA501(c)(3)Research$1,398,985
University of California IrvineIrvine, CA501(c)(3)Research$914,667
Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC501(c)(3)Research$900,000
Odylia TherapeuticsAtlanta, GA501(c)(3)Research$631,039
Fordham UniverityBronx, NY501(c)(3)Research$539,141
Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH501(c)(3)Research$500,000
University of WashingtonSeattle, WA501(c)(3)Research$474,235
Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR501(c)(3)Research$460,869
Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA501(c)(3)Research$402,223
Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBoston, MA501(c)(3)Research$396,667
University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA501(c)(3)Research$375,000
Mitochem Therapeutics IncCharleston, SC501(c)(3)Research$300,000
University of California Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA501(c)(3)Research$300,000
New York Stem Cell FoundationNew York, NY501(c)(3)Research$296,150
Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI501(c)(3)Research$267,406
University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI501(c)(3)Research$250,000
Columbia UniversityNew York, NY501(c)(3)Research$200,000
University of California Davis HealthDavis, CA501(c)(3)Research$200,000
University of WisconsinMadison, WI-Research$200,000
Tufts UniversityBoston, MA501(c)(3)Research$199,999
University HospitalsDetroit, MI501(c)(3)Research$178,641
Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN501(c)(3)Research$169,257
Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD501(c)(3)Research$166,454
University of HoustonHouston, TX501(c)(3)Research$160,400
Oakland UniversityRochester, MI501(c)(3)Research$140,255
University of MissouriColumbia, MO501(c)(3)Research$119,955
Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI501(c)(3)Research$100,000
Retina Foundation of the SouthwestDallas, TX501(c)(3)Research$100,000
Univ Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL501(c)(3)Research$100,000
University of DelawareNewark, DE501(c)(3)Research$100,000
Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH501(c)(3)Research$75,000
University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, CA501(c)(3)Research$75,000
University of Illinois-chicagoChicago, IL501(c)(3)Research$75,000
University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel Hill, NC501(c)(3)Research$50,000
Foundation for the NihNorth Bethesda, MD501(c)(3)Research$25,000
University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX501(c)(3)Research$24,998
University of FloridaGainesville, FL501(c)(3)Research$24,565

International Summary

Offices
0
Employees
0
Spending
$3,612,192

International Compliance

Foreign grant records maintained
Yes
Activity in boycott countries
No
Foreign corporation ownership
No
Foreign partnership interest
No
Interest in foreign trust
No
Passive foreign investment company interest
No
Transfers to foreign corporations
No

International Activities

RegionActivityServicesOfficesEmployeesSpending
Europe (including Iceland & Greenland)GrantmakingTravel00$2,583,044
Middle East and North AfricaGrantmaking-00$501,880
North AmericaGrantmaking-00$488,531
Europe (including Iceland & Greenland)Program Services-00$38,737
Fundraising, Events, and Gaming
Fundraising activities
Yes
Gaming activities
No
Professional fundraiser used
Yes

Fundraising and Gaming Totals

Line ItemAmount
Fundraising Direct Expenses$1,044,572
Professional Fundraising Fees$732,305
Fundraising Gross Income$604,925

Fundraising Events

EventGross ReceiptsGross RevenueDirect ExpensesNet Income
Night Sight Ny$483,177$124,200$5,683$118,517
Gift of Vision$410,703$36,900$42,957$-6,057
Total Events$6,859,462$604,925$1,044,572$-439,647
Political and Lobbying Activity
Political campaign activity
No
Lobbying activity
Yes
Subject to proxy tax
No
Debt and Bond Financing

Other Reported Liabilities

LiabilityAmount
Due to Related Party$4,881,016
Charitable Gift Annuity Obligation$495,813
Governance and Compliance

Governance Checklist

Compiled or reviewed by an accountant
No
Annual disclosure for covered persons
Yes
Audit committee
Yes
Backup withholding compliance
Yes
Business relationship with 35% controlled entity
No
Business relationship with family members
No
Business relationship with organization members
No
Material changes to governing documents
Yes
Compensation from other sources disclosed
No
CEO compensation reviewed
Yes
Other officer compensation reviewed
Yes
Conflict-of-interest policy
Yes
Audited financial statements prepared
Yes
Key decisions subject to board approval
No
Management duties delegated
No

Governance Explanations

Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 2

Jonathan steinberg and joshua steinberg have a family relationship.

Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 4

In march 2025, ffb amended its bylaws to align with the current structure and operating practices. Notable changes include a reduction in the number of standing committees, the creation of the executive vice chair position, removal of the president as an elected officer, and the introduction of term limits.

Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 6

Members of ffb are known as national trustees. The qualifications and eligibility for membership and the manner of admission into membership is prescribed by resolution of the board of directors. The national trustees are entitled to vote on election of directors.

Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 7A

During the annual meeting of the national trustees, members of the board of directors are elected.

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11B

Data to prepare the federal form 990 is provided to our outside accounting firm for preparation and guidance. After it has been completed, a draft of the federal form 990 is reviewed by the vp, finance and chief operating officer. With the coo's approval, the draft federal form 990 is then made available to all board members. All board members are invited to attend a special meeting of the finance committee to review the federal form 990. A final draft is made available to all board members before filing.

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12C

In connection with any actual or possible conflict of interest, an interested person (including officers, directors, and key employees) must disclose, in writing prior to any discussion or vote upon a proposal, the existence and nature of his or her personal interest to the chair of the board and chair of the board committee considering the proposed transaction or arrangement. After disclosure of the financial or non-financial interest and all material facts, the interested person shall leave the board or committee meeting while the financial or non-financial interest is discussed and voted upon. The remaining board shall decide if a conflict of interest exists, and if so, whether there is a compelling reason to recommend to the board that the conflict of interest policy be overridden. A quorum is needed for voting and the vote to override shall be by majority and duly noted in the minutes.

Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15

The executive committee (comprised of independent persons) and the board of directors approves the compensation of the chief executive officer. The executive committee approves the compensation of the other chief officers. On a routine basis, external data provided by outside expert compensation consultants is used to measure reasonableness of salaries to the market place and results are communicated by outside consultants to the board chair/compensation committee. Decisions made by the committee are contemporaneously documented.

Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19

Ffb's federal form 990 and consolidated audited financial statements are available at www.fightblindness.org. Other public documents including the conflict of interest policy are available upon request through the contact information disclosed on ffb's web site. These documents are available for the same period of disclosure as set forth in section 6104(d).

FORM 990, PART VII, SECTION A:

Ffb acts as the common paymaster for the foundation fighting blindness retinal degeneration fund, a related organization. Board members were not compensated for their service on the board, with the exception of the chair of the rd fund board, who was compensated in accordance with the rd fund board's approved compensation policy.

Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
The Foundation Fighting Blindness Inc
EIN
23-7135845
Phone
4104230600
Address
6925 OAKLAND MILLS ROAD 701, COLUMBIA, MD 21045

Signing Officer

Name
Peter Ginsberg
Title
Chief Operating Officer
Phone
4104230600
Signed
2025-11-03
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Organization Details

Principal Officer
Jason D Menzo
Formed
1971
Legal Domicile
Md
Voting Board Members
25
Independent Board Members
24
Employees
96
Volunteers
2,500

Preparer

Firm
Grant Thornton Advisors LLC
Address
1000 WILSON BOULEVARD SUITE 1500, ARLINGTON, VA 22209
Preparer
Mary Torretta
Phone
7038477500
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

PART I, LINE 1, ORGANIZATION'S MISSION OR SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES:

The urgent mission of the foundation fighting blindness is to drive the research that will provide preventions, treatments and cures for people affected by retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, usher syndrome and the entire spectrum of retinal degenerative diseases. The foundation is a beacon for those affected by these blinding diseases.

Form 990, Part III, Line 4A

Research: the foundation fighting blindness, inc. (the foundation) funded researchers are achieving remarkable success in discovering, testing, and delivering to patients a wide range of promising therapies to prevent, stop the progression of, and cure blinding diseases due to retinal degenerative diseases. The foundation has encumbrances of over $36 million, not included on our june 30 financial report, for active research projects that have future research milestones. Our science committee's spending plan includes spending at an average of $28 million annually to support future research. As of the end of our fiscal year 2025, the foundation's research grants program is funding 104 grants being conducted by more than 133 investigators at 92 institutions, eye hospitals, and universities in the u.s. And around the world. A sampling of the research projects funded are listed below: "defining the underlying causes of retinal degeneration in crb1 disease." jeremy kay, duke university dr. Kay and his team hypothesize that loss of cell-cell connections in the outer retina underlies rp-like aspects of crb1-associated disease, while loss of junctions between embryonic progenitors underlies lca-like aspects. Dr. Kay's team will use multiple models to identify primary site(s) of damage caused by crb1 dysfunction, and explore strategies to fix the damage. They will also work to determine whether these cellular features can be imaged in animals and in patients and be used as an endpoint in future clinical trials. "development of a new gene therapy for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa" denise montell, university of california, santa barbara dr. Montell is pioneering a gene therapy approach to combat retinitis pigmentosa (rp), specifically the autosomal dominant form caused by misfolded rhodopsin protein. By promoting the degradation of misfolded rhodopsin, through overexpression of the zip7 gene, dr. Montell aims to slow retinal degeneration. Additionally, overexpressing the zip7 genea zinc transporter proteinmay relieve cellular stress and prevent photoreceptor cell death in various models of autosomal dominant rp. "characterization and mitigation of aav-induced ocular inflammation" william beltran, university of pennsylvania dr. Beltran and his team are working to improve the safety of gene therapies that use viral vectors to deliver the therapeutic gene to retinal cells. As more ird gene therapies move from the preclinical stage in animal models to clinical trials, there is an increasing recognition of the need to better understand gene therapy-associated uveitis (inflammation). This inflammatory response can impede the therapy's performance and can cause retinal damage.

PART III, LINE 4B PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS:

Public health education: during fy25, the foundation continued to provide education and support to people affected by retinal degenerative diseases. The foundation also fields a team of professionals focused on educating ophthalmologists and optometrists on the latest advancements with the foundation's resources and research on the inherited retinal disease space. To keep our constituents and professionals informed, the foundation publishes extensive content via the website and social media/email channels; distributes a newsletter online and in print; produces and shares educational podcasts with leading experts in the space; hosts virtual and in-person educational and networking seminars; and holds quarterly insights forum calls to inform the community about scientific progress. The content includes the latest developments in research and clinical trials, as well as personal stories from members of our community. Additionally, the foundation hosts regional forum presentations that provide timely content to eye care professionals. Chapters bring the foundation's message and mission to life. In fy25, the foundation supported over 47 volunteer-led chapters in 23 states in the us and one chapter in london, uk. Our chapters host vision connection, an enriching and supportive gathering for the blind and low-vision community. Each session covers educational presentations, community engagement, fundraising, and interactive q&a sessions.

PART III, LINE 4C PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS:

My retina tracker registry: the foundation maintains a research database of people and families affected by rare inherited retinal degenerative diseases. The registry is designed to share de-identified information about people with an inherited retinal disease within the ird research and clinical communities to help accelerate the discovery of treatments and cures. During fiscal year 2025, approximately 8,000 additional members were added to the registry, bringing the total number of registered individuals to approximately 43,000.

FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:

Refund of previously expended grants 11,693.

Financial Statement Notes

PART V, LINE 4:

Earnings can be used for operations; principal is donor restricted.

PART X, LINE 2:

The organization follows the accounting standard on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, which addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Under this policy, the organization may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Management has evaluated the organization's tax positions and has concluded that the organization has taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment to the consolidated financial statements to comply with provisions of this guidance.

PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:

Refund of previously expended grants -11,693.

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This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

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