Civic Intelligence

Vermont Pharmicists Association

990EZ • Fiscal year 2018 • EIN 03-6011302

Oct 01, 2017 to Sep 30, 2018 • Filed on Nov 29, 2018

Organization Profilewww.vtpharmacists.org
PO Box 267Saint Albans, VT 05478

(802) 229-5200

Siviq Scores

Precomputed percentiles for this filing year versus similar nonprofits in the same peer cohort.

Liabilities / Assets

47th percentile

0.00x

Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.

2018 filings • 501(c)6 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2018

Liabilities / Revenue

47th percentile

0.00x

Tied with the lowest-debt nonprofits in its peer group.

2018 filings • 501(c)6 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2018

Net Margin

13th percentile

-21%

Higher net margin than 13% of similar nonprofits.

2018 filings • 501(c)6 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2018

Top Officer Pay

70th percentile

$0

Higher top officer pay than 70% of similar nonprofits.

Top officer pay equals 0.0% of source-year revenue.

2018 filings • 501(c)6 • <$500k nonprofits • Source year 2018

Asset Growth

17th percentile

-20%

Faster asset growth than 17% of similar nonprofits.

2018 filings • 501(c)6 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2017 to 2018

Revenue Growth

90th percentile

40%

Faster revenue growth than 90% of similar nonprofits.

2018 filings • 501(c)6 • <$500k nonprofits • Annualized from 2017 to 2018

Balance Sheet
Liabilities / Assets47th percentile

Assets

Down

$38,769

Down $9,937 (-20%) from 2017

Net Assets

Down

$38,769

Down $9,937 (-20%) from 2017

Liabilities

Flat

$0

Flat from 2017

Revenue And Expenses
Liabilities / Revenue47th percentileNet Margin13th percentile

Revenue

Up

$28,463

Up $8,064 (+40%) from 2017

Expenses

Up

$34,362

Up $14,203 (+70%) from 2017

Net Income

Down

-$5,899

Down $6,139 (-2558%) from 2017

Historical Trend

Balance Sheet Trend

Asset Growth17th percentile

The highlighted filing sits inside the broader history for assets, liabilities, and net assets.

$150K$100K$50K$0Assets 2011: $105,554Liabilities 2011: $1,2002011Assets 2012: $100,764Liabilities 2012: $1,1862012Assets 2013: $104,935Liabilities 2013: $1,2402013Assets 2014: $87,815Liabilities 2014: $1,240Net Assets 2014: $86,5752014Assets 2015: $64,199Liabilities 2015: $1,240Net Assets 2015: $62,9592015Assets 2016: $51,170Liabilities 2016: $0Net Assets 2016: $51,1702016Assets 2017: $48,706Liabilities 2017: $0Net Assets 2017: $48,7062017Assets 2018: $38,769Liabilities 2018: $0Net Assets 2018: $38,7692018Assets 2019: $28,906Liabilities 2019: $0Net Assets 2019: $28,9062019Assets 2020: $31,037Liabilities 2020: $0Net Assets 2020: $31,0372020

Highlighted filing

2018

Assets$38,769
Liabilities$0
Net Assets$38,769
Open 2018 Filing

Operations Trend

Revenue Growth90th percentile

Revenue, expenses, and net income across loaded years, with this filing highlighted.

$100K$50K$0-$50KRevenue 2011: $43,094Expenses 2011: $61,100Net Income 2011: -$18,0062011Revenue 2012: $41,106Expenses 2012: $53,661Net Income 2012: -$12,5552012Revenue 2013: $54,597Expenses 2013: $57,753Net Income 2013: -$3,1562013Revenue 2014: $26,082Expenses 2014: $50,456Net Income 2014: -$24,3742014Revenue 2015: $30,370Expenses 2015: $48,084Net Income 2015: -$17,7142015Revenue 2016: $27,131Expenses 2016: $38,474Net Income 2016: -$11,3432016Revenue 2017: $20,399Expenses 2017: $20,159Net Income 2017: $2402017Revenue 2018: $28,463Expenses 2018: $34,362Net Income 2018: -$5,8992018Revenue 2019: $20,190Expenses 2019: $26,374Net Income 2019: -$6,1842019Revenue 2020: $23,148Expenses 2020: $23,273Net Income 2020: -$1252020

Highlighted filing

2018

Revenue$28,463
Expenses$34,362
Net Income-$5,899
Open 2018 Filing
Jump To
Filing Snapshot
Filing Period
Oct 1, 2017 to Sep 30, 2018
Signed
Nov 29, 2018
Return Version
2017v2.2
Gross Receipts
$28,463
Mission and Program Overview

Mission

Provide conventions/cpe to pharmacists

Program Services

DescriptionGrantsExpenses
GENERAL FUND OPERATES THE CONVENTIONS AND CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR THE MEMBERS.--
Compensation and Service Providers
Top Officer Pay70th percentile

Employees

NameTitleFull / Part TimeBaseOtherTotal
JAMES MARMARExec DirectorPT$0--
JAMES GODFREYPresident-$0--
CAROLINE KIRKPATRICKTreasurer-$0--
JOCELYN DEPAOLISVice President-$0--
DENISE CLARK2nd Vice Pres-$0--
MARTY IRONSBoard Member-$0--
SANDRA ROSASecretary-$0--
RUPESH ASHERBoard Member-$0--
RICH HARVIEChairman-$0--
MELINA HUYNHStudent Chapter President-$0--
LYNNE VEZINABoard Member-$0--
STEPHEN ANDREWSWebmaster-$0--
Filing and Contact Details

Filer

Filer Name
Vermont Pharmacists Association
EIN
03-6011302
Phone
8022295200
Address
PO BOX 267, SAINT ALBANS, VT 05478

Signing Officer

Name
James Godfrey
Title
President
Phone
8022295200
Signed
2018-11-29
Discuss with paid preparer
Yes

Preparer

Firm
Salvador and Babic PC
Address
PO Box 593, Barre, VT 05641
Preparer
Reta M Sanders CPA
Phone
8024768673
Supplemental Narrative

Additional Explanations

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 8

“Realized gain on investment 5612.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 10

“Scholarship; scholarship; : , , , ; , 1000.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“BANK CHARGES 32.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“INTERNET 630.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“TELEPHONE 1804.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“CONVENTION EXPENSE 4807.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“LOBBYING 9625.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“Dues and subscriptions 654.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“OFFICE EXPENSE 779.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“PAYROLL TAXES 400.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“MISCELLANEOUS 628.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“INSURANCE 1377.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16

“Continuing education 6383.”

Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 20

“Unrealized loss on securities -4038.”

Raw XML Appendix171 raw XML fields

This appendix keeps the raw XML leaves available for debugging and edge-case review. The human report above is the primary experience.

Path#Value
IRS990EZ/ActivitiesNotPreviouslyRptInd0false
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/PersonNm0TINA MACHIA
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/PhoneNum08774832646
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0PO BOX 267
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/CityNm0ST ALBANS
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0VT
IRS990EZ/BooksInCareOfDetail/USAddress/ZIPCd005478
IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestmentsGrp/BOYAmt048706
IRS990EZ/CashSavingsAndInvestmentsGrp/EOYAmt038769
IRS990EZ/ChgMadeToOrgnzngDocNotRptInd0false
IRS990EZ/ContributionsGiftsGrantsEtcAmt012879
IRS990EZ/CostOfGoodsSoldAmt00
IRS990EZ/CostOrOtherBasisExpenseSaleAmt00
IRS990EZ/DonorAdvisedFndsInd0false
IRS990EZ/ExcessOrDeficitForYearAmt0-5899
IRS990EZ/FeesAndOtherPymtToIndCntrctAmt01100
IRS990EZ/ForeignFinancialAccountInd0false
IRS990EZ/ForeignOfficeInd0false
IRS990EZ/Form1120PolFiledInd0false
IRS990EZ/Form990TotalAssetsGrp/BOYAmt048706
IRS990EZ/Form990TotalAssetsGrp/EOYAmt038769
IRS990EZ/FundraisingGrossIncomeAmt00
IRS990EZ/GainOrLossFromSaleOfAssetsAmt00
IRS990EZ/GamingGrossIncomeAmt00
IRS990EZ/GrantsAndSimilarAmountsPaidAmt01000
IRS990EZ/GrossProfitLossSlsOfInvntryAmt00
IRS990EZ/GrossReceiptsAmt028463
IRS990EZ/InfoInScheduleOPartIInd0X
IRS990EZ/InvestmentIncomeAmt0762
IRS990EZ/MadeLoansToFromOfficersInd0false
IRS990EZ/MembershipDuesAmt09210
IRS990EZ/MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd0X
IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt048706
IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt038769
IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesGrp/BOYAmt048706
IRS990EZ/NetAssetsOrFundBalancesGrp/EOYAmt038769
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt010.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt13.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt23.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt32.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt42.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt52.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt62.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt72.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt82.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt92.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt102.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/AverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt112.00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt00
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt10
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt20
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt30
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt40
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt50
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt60
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt70
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt80
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt90
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt100
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/CompensationAmt110
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm0JAMES MARMAR
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm1JAMES GODFREY
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm2CAROLINE KIRKPATRICK
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm3JOCELYN DEPAOLIS
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm4DENISE CLARK
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm5MARTY IRONS
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm6SANDRA ROSA
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm7RUPESH ASHER
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm8RICH HARVIE
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm9MELINA HUYNH
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm10LYNNE VEZINA
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/PersonNm11STEPHEN ANDREWS
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt0EXEC DIRECTOR
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt1PRESIDENT
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt2TREASURER
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt3VICE PRESIDENT
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt42ND VICE PRES
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt5BOARD MEMBER
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt6SECRETARY
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt7BOARD MEMBER
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt8CHAIRMAN
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt9STUDENT CHAPTER PRESIDENT
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt10BOARD MEMBER
IRS990EZ/OfficerDirectorTrusteeEmplGrp/TitleTxt11WEBMASTER
IRS990EZ/OperateHospitalInd0false
IRS990EZ/Organization501cInd0X
IRS990EZ/OrganizationDissolvedEtcInd0false
IRS990EZ/OrganizationHadUBIInd0false
IRS990EZ/OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt0-4038
IRS990EZ/OtherExpensesTotalAmt027119
IRS990EZ/OtherRevenueTotalAmt05612
IRS990EZ/PrimaryExemptPurposeTxt0PROVIDE CONVENTIONS/CPE TO PHARMACISTS
IRS990EZ/PrintingPublicationsPostageAmt0943
IRS990EZ/ProgramServiceRevenueAmt00
IRS990EZ/ProgramSrvcAccomplishmentGrp/DescriptionProgramSrvcAccomTxt0GENERAL FUND OPERATES THE CONVENTIONS AND CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR THE MEMBERS.
IRS990EZ/ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd0false
IRS990EZ/RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd0false
IRS990EZ/SalariesOtherCompEmplBnftAmt04200
IRS990EZ/ScheduleBNotRequiredInd0X
IRS990EZ/SpecialEventsDirectExpensesAmt00
IRS990EZ/SpecialEventsNetIncomeLossAmt00
IRS990EZ/StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd0VT
IRS990EZ/SubjectToProxyTaxInd0false
IRS990EZ/TanningServicesProvidedInd0false
IRS990EZ/TotalExpensesAmt034362
IRS990EZ/TotalRevenueAmt028463
IRS990EZ/TransactionWithControlEntInd0false
IRS990EZ/TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd0X
IRS990EZ/WebsiteAddressTxt0www.vtpharmacists.org
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt0REALIZED GAIN ON INVESTMENT 5612.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt1SCHOLARSHIP; SCHOLARSHIP; : , , , ; , 1000.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt2BANK CHARGES 32.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt3INTERNET 630.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt4TELEPHONE 1804.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt5CONVENTION EXPENSE 4807.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt6LOBBYING 9625.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt7DUES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS 654.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt8OFFICE EXPENSE 779.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt9PAYROLL TAXES 400.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt10MISCELLANEOUS 628.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt11INSURANCE 1377.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt12CONTINUING EDUCATION 6383.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/ExplanationTxt13UNREALIZED LOSS ON SECURITIES -4038.
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc0Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 8
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc1Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 10
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc2Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc3Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc4Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc5Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc6Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc7Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc8Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc9Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc10Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc11Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc12Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16
IRS990ScheduleO/SupplementalInformationDetail/FormAndLineReferenceDesc13Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 20
ReturnHeader/BuildTS02019-02-21 02:37:17Z
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd0true
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonNm0JAMES GODFREY
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PersonTitleTxt0PRESIDENT
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/PhoneNum08022295200
ReturnHeader/BusinessOfficerGrp/SignatureDt02018-11-29
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0VERMONT PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION
ReturnHeader/Filer/BusinessNameControlTxt0VERM
ReturnHeader/Filer/EIN0036011302
ReturnHeader/Filer/PhoneNum08022295200
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt0PO BOX 267
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/CityNm0SAINT ALBANS
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0VT
ReturnHeader/Filer/USAddress/ZIPCd005478
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/AtSubmissionCreationDeviceId0D21D054459BD06EF7BBE45144AAB2A1B28FB3939
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/AtSubmissionFilingDeviceId05A5EC8051119E8DC92F493050E36E53386709077
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/FilingLicenseTypeCd0P
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/IPAddress/IPv4AddressTxt024.240.132.146
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/IPDt02019-01-02
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/IPTimezoneCd0PS
ReturnHeader/FilingSecurityInformation/IPTm010:22:41
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerFirmName/BusinessNameLine1Txt0Salvador and Babic PC
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt0PO Box 593
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/CityNm0Barre
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd0VT
ReturnHeader/PreparerFirmGrp/PreparerUSAddress/ZIPCd005641
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PhoneNum08024768673
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparationDt02019-01-02
ReturnHeader/PreparerPersonGrp/PreparerPersonNm0RETA M SANDERS CPA
ReturnHeader/ReturnTs02019-01-02T10:22:48-08:00
ReturnHeader/ReturnTypeCd0990EZ
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodBeginDt02017-10-01
ReturnHeader/TaxPeriodEndDt02018-09-30
ReturnHeader/TaxYr02017

Document Assets

No mirrored PDF or thumbnail assets are attached yet.

Filings

Displayed year

2018 • Form 990EZDetailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.

Open filing
Assets
$38,769
Liabilities
$0
Net assets
$38,769
Revenue
$28,463
Expenses
$34,362
Net income
-$5,899
Balance SheetOperations
YearAssetsLiabilitiesNet AssetsRevenueExpensesNet Income
2020Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.31$0.00$0.31$0.23$0.23$0.00
2019Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.29$0.00$0.29$0.20$0.26$0.06
2018Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.39$0.00$0.39$0.28$0.34$0.06
2017Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.49$0.00$0.49$0.20$0.20$0.00
2016Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.51$0.00$0.51$0.27$0.38$0.11
2015Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.64$0.01$0.63$0.30$0.48$0.18
2014Detailed filing. Detailed filing data is available for this year.$0.88$0.01$0.87$0.26$0.50$0.24
2013Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$1.05$0.01$0.55$0.58$0.03
2012Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$1.01$0.01$0.41$0.54$0.13
2011Summary only. Only limited summary data is available for this year.$1.06$0.01$0.43$0.61$0.18